Brent Winters v. John Taylor

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedJune 23, 2009
Docket08-2994
StatusUnpublished

This text of Brent Winters v. John Taylor (Brent Winters v. John Taylor) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Brent Winters v. John Taylor, (7th Cir. 2009).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued January 28, 2009 Decided June 23, 2009

Before

WILLIAM J. BAUER, Circuit Judge

KENNETH F. RIPPLE, Circuit Judge

JOHN DANIEL TINDER, Circuit Judge

No. 08‐2994

BRENT ALLAN WINTERS, Appeal from the United States District Plaintiff‐Appellant, Court for the Southern District of Illinois. v. No. 3:08‐cv‐216‐JPG‐DGW JOHN TAYLOR, Defendant‐Appellee. J. Phil Gilbert, Judge.

O R D E R

Brent Winters sued John Taylor, a federal public defender, for making slanderous statements about Winters during the course of a tax fraud prosecution. The district court dismissed Winters’s claim on the ground that Taylor, a federal employee acting within the scope of his authority, was entitled to sovereign immunity. Rather than appeal that dismissal, Winters filed a second action against Taylor based on the same allegedly slanderous statements. The district court again dismissed Winters’s suit based on the grounds of sovereign immunity and issue preclusion. This time, Winters appealed, but because we conclude that the district court’s judgment in Winters’s first action precludes this second action, we affirm. No. 08‐2994 Page 2

BACKGROUND

In April 2006, the United States charged Winters, Ken Tylman, and Debra Hills with filing a fraudulent tax return and conspiracy to defraud the IRS. The district court appointed Taylor, a federal public defender, to represent Tylman. At the end of a meeting between Taylor and Tylman at the federal courthouse in Urbana, Illinois, Taylor allegedly shouted that Winters and his co‐defendants were “all guilty” and “all fuckin’ liars.” Taylor’s statements were within earshot of Hills and other bystanders in the courthouse hallway.

Based on Taylor’s statements, Winters filed a complaint of slander in Illinois state court, naming Taylor and the Office of the Federal Public Defender as defendants. The defendants removed the case to federal court under 28 U.S.C. § 1442(a) based on the federal defense of sovereign immunity. The district court agreed that the defendants were entitled to sovereign immunity because, based on the allegations in Winters’s complaint, Taylor “made the statements in the scope of his federal authority” while representing Tylman. Having concluded that Winters’s claim was barred by sovereign immunity, the court dismissed Winters’s complaint “for lack of jurisdiction.”

Winters did not appeal the district court’s dismissal of his first action. Instead, he returned to Illinois state court and filed a second action based on the same statements. Winters’s second complaint named only Taylor as a defendant and, in addition to a slander count, contained a count of negligent infliction of emotional distress. Taylor again removed the case to federal court, citing the federal defenses of claim preclusion, issue preclusion, and sovereign immunity. The district court dismissed Winters’s slander claim on the ground of issue preclusion, since the court had decided that exact claim in favor of Taylor in the first action. As for Winters’s emotional distress claim, the court held that this claim was barred by sovereign immunity, since Winters’s suit against “a federal officer in his official capacity [was] tantamount to a suit against the United States.”

Winters appeals, arguing that the district court should have remanded the case to state court for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. In the alternative, Winters argues that the court erred in recognizing Taylor’s sovereign immunity defense without conducting an evidentiary hearing on whether Taylor’s statements were within the scope of his federal employment.

ANALYSIS

Beginning with Winters’s jurisdictional challenge, Winters argues that removal was improper because his complaint did not plead a federal question, as required for removal under 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a). However, in addition to § 1441(a), Taylor’s notice of removal cited, and the district court relied on, § 1442(a), which allows federal officers sued in state court to remove the case to federal court if they raise a colorable federal defense. See 28 U.S.C. § 1442(a)(1); Mesa v. No. 08‐2994 Page 3

California, 489 U.S. 121, 129 (1989). Taylor raised the defense of sovereign immunity, claiming that he made the allegedly slanderous statements while “acting solely in his official capacity” as a federal public defender “and/or acting under color of authority [of law].” This claim of sovereign immunity is sufficiently “colorable” to support removal under § 1442(a). Cf. In re Subpoena in Collins, 524 F.3d 249, 251 (D.C. Cir. 2008) (recognizing a federal employee’s sovereign immunity defense against a subpoena seeking “facts [the employee] observed by virtue of his official duties and in his official capacity as a federal employee”). Although we conclude below that Taylor does not actually win this case on the basis of sovereign immunity, that outcome does not make removal improper. The federal officer need only assert a defense that is “plausible,” not necessarily successful, to remove under § 1442(a). Venezia v. Robinson, 16 F.3d 209, 212 (7th Cir. 1994).

On the merits of Taylor’s sovereign immunity defense, in Winters’s first slander action, the district court held that Taylor was entitled to sovereign immunity because he “made the statements in the scope of his federal authority” as a public defender. Then, in this action, the court concluded that Winters’s slander claim was barred by the doctrine of issue preclusion. The issue of Taylor’s sovereign immunity defense against Winters’s claim was “actually litigated” and “essential” to the final judgment in the first action. H‐D Mich., Inc. v. Top Quality Serv., Inc., 496 F.3d 755, 760 (7th Cir. 2007) (providing the elements of an issue preclusion, or “collateral estoppel,” defense).

For the first time on appeal, Winters cites the Westfall Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2679, to illustrate why Taylor was not entitled to sovereign immunity against Winters’s claims. The Act gives a federal employee immunity against a tort suit arising out of acts committed in the scope of his employment, provided that the employee follows a few, simple procedures. First, the employee must promptly deliver the pleadings in the suit to the Attorney General (“AG”) or his designee. 28 U.S.C. § 2679(c)(1). Then, if the AG certifies that the employee “was acting within the scope of his office or employment” when he committed the alleged tort, the United States “shall be substituted as the party defendant,” and the employee is off the hook. Id. § 2679(d)(1). Even if the AG refuses to issue a scope‐of‐employment certification, the employee may petition the district court to certify that he was acting within the scope of his employment and substitute the United States as the party defendant. Id. § 2679(d)(3).

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Related

Kentucky v. Graham
473 U.S. 159 (Supreme Court, 1985)
Mesa v. California
489 U.S. 121 (Supreme Court, 1989)
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Thomas Venezia v. Bonds Robinson, Jr.
16 F.3d 209 (Seventh Circuit, 1994)
Joseph E.L. Sullivan v. United States
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Bluebook (online)
Brent Winters v. John Taylor, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/brent-winters-v-john-taylor-ca7-2009.