BUTTLER, J.
Plaintiff failed to plead further after the trial court sustained defendant’s demurrer to the fourth amended complaint in this action. Plaintiff appeals from the resulting judgment, contending that the sustaining of the demurrer was error. Plaintiff also appeals from the trial court’s "supplemental judgment” which awarded attorney’s fees to defendant.
We reverse and remand the first judgment and vacate the supplemental judgment.
In 1975, plaintiff and her husband obtained a loan from defendant and executed a mortgage under which plaintiff and her husband were mortgagors and defendant was mortgagee. The disclosure statement which defendant provided plaintiff and her husband, pursuant to the Federal Truth in Lending Act (15 USCA § 1601
et seq.)
and implementing regulations, contained the following language:
"MORTGAGE CANCELLATION LIFE INSURANCE OR DISABILITY INSURANCE is not required. No charge is made and no such insurance is provided. If the BORROWER CHECKS the appropriate box below, we will submit an application on behalf of the Borrower requesting coverage at the price quoted.”
The "appropriate box” was checked indicating the Borrower desired the insurance, and the disclosure form was signed by plaintiff’s husband as "Borrower” and by plaintiff as "Borrower’s Spouse.” At the top of the form, however, both are named as "Borrowers,” and the complaint alleges, and the mortgage attached to the complaint indicates, that plaintiff and her husband were "joint borrowers,” that they were joint mortgagors and were jointly and severally liable on
the note secured by the mortgage. Plaintiff’s husband died in 1976. Plaintiff then "applied” to defendant to satisfy the unpaid balance of the loan with proceeds from the mortgage cancellation insurance on her husband’s life and to cancel the mortgage. She "was informed by defendant that no such insurance coverage existed nor had such insurance been applied for by defendant.”
The essence of plaintiff’s claim in this action is that defendant agreed to apply for the mortgage cancellation life insurance, and that plaintiff sustained various damages because of defendant’s failure to do so, including damages equal to the principal balance and interest which remained payable on the loan as of the time of plaintiff’s husband’s death.
Plaintiff’s original and first three amended complaints were brought in her individual capacity as widow and surviving owner of the real property. Defendant demurred to each of those complaints on the grounds, among others, that plaintiff, as an individual, does not have legal capacity to sue and that any cause of action which might exist by reason of defendant’s failure to procure the insurance belonged to the estate of plaintiff’s husband. The demurrers were sustained. In her fourth amended complaint, plaintiff changed the caption of her pleading to indicate that she was suing in her capacity as personal representative of her husband’s estate, as well as in her individual capacity. She also added an allegation that she was the duly appointed personal representative of the estate. The operative allegations of the complaint are set forth in the margin.
Defendant demurred again on essentially the same grounds, and that demurrer was sustained.
On June 25, 1979, the court entered a judgment which dismissed plaintiff’s
"cause of action,” and stated "that defendant’s motion for attorney’s fees shall be set for hearing on the regular motion calendar.” Plaintiff filed her notice of appeal from that
judgment on July 24, 1979. The trial court entered its supplemental judgment for attorney’s fees on August 15, 1979, and plaintiff filed a notice of appeal from the supplemental judgment on September 14, 1979.
The initial question is whether we have jurisdiction over the appeal from the first judgment. Defendant argues that we do not, because that judgment left the issue of attorney’s fees undecided and was therefore not a final order disposing of all issues in the case. Consequently, according to defendant, plaintiff’s notice of appeal from the first judgment was premature, and her later notice of appeal from the supplemental judgment did not specify that the first judgment as well as the supplemental judgment was the subject of the appeal. Plaintiff’s argument is essentially the converse of defendant’s: she reasons that the original judgment was final and appealable as of the time it was entered, that she took an appeal from it, and that once her notice of appeal had been filed jurisdiction over the matter was in this court, and therefore the trial court had no authority to award attorney’s fees. ORS 19.033.
Plaintiff’s argument is in accord with our decision in
Bank of Oregon v. Hiway Products, Inc.,
41 Or App 223, 598 P2d 318 (1979), where we stated:
"Finally, plaintiff assigns as error the award of attorney fees in a supplemental decree entered after plaintiff’s notice of appeal to this court had been filed. The trial court, in its original decree, explicitly left for later determination the issue of attorney fees to be awarded to Hiway.
"ORS 19.033(1) provides, in pertinent part:
" 'When the notice of appeal has been served and filed * * *, the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction of the cause, * * * but the trial court shall have such powers in connection with the appeal as are conferred upon it by law.’
"Here, the action of the trial court was not within the limited range of matters relating to appeal listed in
Gordon Creek Tree Farms v. Layne, et al,
230 Or 204,
209, 358 P2d 1062, 368 P2d 737 (1961).
See also Valley Pipe Co. v. City of Albany,
215 Or 666, 300 P2d 411, 303 P2d 503 (1959). * * *
ÍC* * * * *
«* * * We assume, without deciding, that the supplemental decree in the present case was otherwise correct. It must, however, be reversed as beyond the trial court’s jurisdiction with respect to awarding attorney fees once a notice of appeal was filed. * * *”
41 Or App at 231-32.
Defendant suggests that our decision in
Hiway Products
is inconsistent with the Supreme Court’s decision in
David M. Scott Construction v. Farrell,
285 Or 563, 592 P2d 551 (1979).
Hiway Products was
decided after
Farrell
and we find no inconsistency; in fact, the Court in
Farrell
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BUTTLER, J.
Plaintiff failed to plead further after the trial court sustained defendant’s demurrer to the fourth amended complaint in this action. Plaintiff appeals from the resulting judgment, contending that the sustaining of the demurrer was error. Plaintiff also appeals from the trial court’s "supplemental judgment” which awarded attorney’s fees to defendant.
We reverse and remand the first judgment and vacate the supplemental judgment.
In 1975, plaintiff and her husband obtained a loan from defendant and executed a mortgage under which plaintiff and her husband were mortgagors and defendant was mortgagee. The disclosure statement which defendant provided plaintiff and her husband, pursuant to the Federal Truth in Lending Act (15 USCA § 1601
et seq.)
and implementing regulations, contained the following language:
"MORTGAGE CANCELLATION LIFE INSURANCE OR DISABILITY INSURANCE is not required. No charge is made and no such insurance is provided. If the BORROWER CHECKS the appropriate box below, we will submit an application on behalf of the Borrower requesting coverage at the price quoted.”
The "appropriate box” was checked indicating the Borrower desired the insurance, and the disclosure form was signed by plaintiff’s husband as "Borrower” and by plaintiff as "Borrower’s Spouse.” At the top of the form, however, both are named as "Borrowers,” and the complaint alleges, and the mortgage attached to the complaint indicates, that plaintiff and her husband were "joint borrowers,” that they were joint mortgagors and were jointly and severally liable on
the note secured by the mortgage. Plaintiff’s husband died in 1976. Plaintiff then "applied” to defendant to satisfy the unpaid balance of the loan with proceeds from the mortgage cancellation insurance on her husband’s life and to cancel the mortgage. She "was informed by defendant that no such insurance coverage existed nor had such insurance been applied for by defendant.”
The essence of plaintiff’s claim in this action is that defendant agreed to apply for the mortgage cancellation life insurance, and that plaintiff sustained various damages because of defendant’s failure to do so, including damages equal to the principal balance and interest which remained payable on the loan as of the time of plaintiff’s husband’s death.
Plaintiff’s original and first three amended complaints were brought in her individual capacity as widow and surviving owner of the real property. Defendant demurred to each of those complaints on the grounds, among others, that plaintiff, as an individual, does not have legal capacity to sue and that any cause of action which might exist by reason of defendant’s failure to procure the insurance belonged to the estate of plaintiff’s husband. The demurrers were sustained. In her fourth amended complaint, plaintiff changed the caption of her pleading to indicate that she was suing in her capacity as personal representative of her husband’s estate, as well as in her individual capacity. She also added an allegation that she was the duly appointed personal representative of the estate. The operative allegations of the complaint are set forth in the margin.
Defendant demurred again on essentially the same grounds, and that demurrer was sustained.
On June 25, 1979, the court entered a judgment which dismissed plaintiff’s
"cause of action,” and stated "that defendant’s motion for attorney’s fees shall be set for hearing on the regular motion calendar.” Plaintiff filed her notice of appeal from that
judgment on July 24, 1979. The trial court entered its supplemental judgment for attorney’s fees on August 15, 1979, and plaintiff filed a notice of appeal from the supplemental judgment on September 14, 1979.
The initial question is whether we have jurisdiction over the appeal from the first judgment. Defendant argues that we do not, because that judgment left the issue of attorney’s fees undecided and was therefore not a final order disposing of all issues in the case. Consequently, according to defendant, plaintiff’s notice of appeal from the first judgment was premature, and her later notice of appeal from the supplemental judgment did not specify that the first judgment as well as the supplemental judgment was the subject of the appeal. Plaintiff’s argument is essentially the converse of defendant’s: she reasons that the original judgment was final and appealable as of the time it was entered, that she took an appeal from it, and that once her notice of appeal had been filed jurisdiction over the matter was in this court, and therefore the trial court had no authority to award attorney’s fees. ORS 19.033.
Plaintiff’s argument is in accord with our decision in
Bank of Oregon v. Hiway Products, Inc.,
41 Or App 223, 598 P2d 318 (1979), where we stated:
"Finally, plaintiff assigns as error the award of attorney fees in a supplemental decree entered after plaintiff’s notice of appeal to this court had been filed. The trial court, in its original decree, explicitly left for later determination the issue of attorney fees to be awarded to Hiway.
"ORS 19.033(1) provides, in pertinent part:
" 'When the notice of appeal has been served and filed * * *, the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction of the cause, * * * but the trial court shall have such powers in connection with the appeal as are conferred upon it by law.’
"Here, the action of the trial court was not within the limited range of matters relating to appeal listed in
Gordon Creek Tree Farms v. Layne, et al,
230 Or 204,
209, 358 P2d 1062, 368 P2d 737 (1961).
See also Valley Pipe Co. v. City of Albany,
215 Or 666, 300 P2d 411, 303 P2d 503 (1959). * * *
ÍC* * * * *
«* * * We assume, without deciding, that the supplemental decree in the present case was otherwise correct. It must, however, be reversed as beyond the trial court’s jurisdiction with respect to awarding attorney fees once a notice of appeal was filed. * * *”
41 Or App at 231-32.
Defendant suggests that our decision in
Hiway Products
is inconsistent with the Supreme Court’s decision in
David M. Scott Construction v. Farrell,
285 Or 563, 592 P2d 551 (1979).
Hiway Products was
decided after
Farrell
and we find no inconsistency; in fact, the Court in
Farrell
stated that the mere reservation of jurisdiction to determine the question of attorney fees may not, by itself, be sufficient to render a judgment not final. It was the combined reservations in the
Farrell
judgment which led the Court to conclude that there were too many acts for the trial court to perform to treat the judgment as final until the supplemental judgment was entered. Neither is the holding in
Hi-way Products
affected by
Shipler v. Van Raden,
288 Or 735, 608 P2d 1162 (1980), which the Supreme Court decided after defendant’s brief in the present case was filed. As it had in the earlier case of
Gorman v. Boyer,
274 Or 467, 547 P2d 123 (1976), the court in
Shipler
"indicated a preference for awaiting the trial judge’s identification of the 'prevailing party’ before requiring evidence on the matter of fees,” 288 Or at 745, at least in equity cases where attorney’s fees are awarded pursuant to contract or to ORS 20.096(1). The court stated in
Shipler
that the better practice is for attorney’s fees to be determined after the prevailing party has been identified, but before judgment is entered, so that any award of attorney’s fees can be made through the same judgment which determines other issues in the case.
Shipler
does not indicate that the appealability of a judgment is affected by the fact that it does not determine the issue of attorney’s fees.
Defendant contends that we should overrule
Hiway Products.
The difficulty with defendant’s position is that if its contention is correct, there is no way plaintiff could appeal the judgment on the demurrer. If it was not appealable and the supplemental judgment did not incorporate the earlier judgment, the only appealable judgment would be the supplemental one awarding attorney fees. Even if we were inclined to overrule
Hiway Products,
which we are not, to avoid the obvious injustice urged by defendant we would construe the supplemental judgment as incorporating the earlier judgment.
The realities of trial practice in this state are such that the prevailing party has substantial control over whether a judgment on other issues will be entered before the issue of attorney’s fees is decided or vice versa. The principal benefit of
Hiway Products
and similar holdings is to prevent exactly the type of procedural problems which the present case illustrates. In our view,
Hiway Products
poses a much smaller risk of the "piecemeal appeals” to which defendant argues it is conducive than does the alternative which was followed below of entering piecemeal judgments, which generally should not occur. We adhere to
Hiway Products.
It follows that the first judgment was final and appealable, and we turn to the merits of plaintiff’s appeal from it.
In her first cause of action, plaintiff bases her claim for relief on defendant’s alleged violation of the Truth in Lending Act. The facts in
Burgess v. Charlottesville Savings and Loan Ass’n,
477 F2d 40 (4th Cir 1973), were materially indistinguishable from those here. The court concluded that the gravamen of the action in
Burgess
was
"* * * an alleged contract or agreement to procure insurance, the breach of which, under her theory, gave rise to an action both in contract and in tort under the law of Virginia. * * * In no sense can it be said that the plaintiffs cause of action is grounded on the Truth in Lending Act or will be dependent on a construction of that Act. * * *” 477 F2d at 44.
In addition, the court concluded that the conduct of the defendant did not constitute a violation of the Truth in Lending Act. The court stated that
"* * * [i]t is the obligation to disclose,
not the duty of subsequent performance,
towards which the Act is directed. For failure to make disclosure as required, the Act provides its own remedy. Section 1640, 15 U.S.C. Obviously, the defendant complied fully with the Act: It made a full and exact disclosure. The plaintiff does not complain to the contrary. She accordingly has no basis for an action under the Truth in Lending Act for failure to disclose the cost of credit life insurance. * * *” 477 F2d at 45. (Emphasis in original; footnote omitted.)
We agree with the analysis in
Burgess,
and conclude that the demurrer to plaintiff’s first cause of action in the present case was properly sustained.
However, we conclude that the sustaining of the demurrer as to plaintiff’s second and third causes of action was error. Defendant’s basic contention is that the facts alleged do not give rise to a right of action in plaintiff in her individual capacity as distinguished from her capacity as personal representative of her husband’s estate. We disagree. The complaint sufficiently alleges that plaintiff and her husband were jointly obligated on the loan, that they were joint owners of the property subject to the mortgage, that they were both mortgagors, and that both relied on defendant’s promise to procure insurance;
that
defendant agreed to submit an application on behalf of plaintiff’s husband for mortgage maintenance life insurance which, in the event of his death, would be used to satisfy plaintiff’s and her husband’s remaining indebtedness to defendant; and that, as a consequence of defendant’s failure to perform in accordance with that agreement, plaintiff has been injured to the extent of the remaining indebtedness, and has suffered other injuries. In sum, the allegations are sufficient to plead a cause or causes of action for a direct injury to plaintiff in connection with a transaction to which she was a party in her individual capacity.
The complaint also states facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action by plaintiff in her capacity as personal representative of her husband’s estate. Plaintiff alleges that she and her husband were joint obligors on the loan and joint mortgagors, and that she is personal representative of his estate. These allegations, together with the others described above, are adequate to support an inference that defendant’s failure to procure the insurance could result in liability to the estate, both for the unpaid balance of the loan and for any deficiency judgment awarded in a proceeding
to foreclose the mortgage. Accordingly, both the widow and her husband’s estate would benefit from the insurance and each could be damaged by the failure of defendant to procure. In that sense plaintiff would be a "beneficiary” of the insurance as alleged, although, as defendant points out, defendant would have been the named beneficiary under the policy had it been procured.
Defendant also argues that "[t]he complaint improperly mingles purported causes of action in plaintiff’s individual capacity with purported causes of action in her representative capacity.” As just pointed out, however, both stood to gain by the insurance or to lose by its nonprocurement. The claims of each arise out of the same operative facts, and are so united in interest that they may constitute a joint cause requiring joinder of the parties. See former ORS 13.170.
Defendant relies on cases from other jurisdictions,
e.g., Peer v. First Federal Sav. L. Ass’n of Cumberland,
273 Md 610, 331 A2d 299 (1975), and the trial court’s decision in
Burgess v. Charlottesville Savings & Loan Ass’n,
349 F Supp 133 (1972), remanded, 477 F2d 40 (4th Cir 1973),
supra,
for the proposition that a disclosure statement made pursuant to the Truth in Lending Act cannot "in and of itself * * * constitute a contractual relationship, and any such agreement must be a result of an offer and acceptance subsequent to the disclosure.”
Burgess,
349 F Supp at 141. That contention is beside the point: here the disclosure statement was more than a disclosure; it contained the language that, if the appropriate box was checked, defendant would "submit an application on behalf of the Borrower requesting coverage at the price quoted.” On demurrer, that language is sufficient to impose an obligation on defendant.
In addition to its general challenges to the complaint, defendant also demurs on the basis of specific purported defects in the pleading of the second
and third causes of action. In both connections, defendant claims that the allegation of plaintiff’s husband’s insurability was insufficient because it was based on information and belief, and that allegations in a
complaint
cannot be pleaded on that basis. Assuming arguendo that there is any requirement that insurability be pleaded in an action for failure to procure the type of insurance here involved, we are aware of no prohibition against the pleading format used by plaintiff to allege insurability, at least where the challenge is by
demurrer.
Defendant also argues that plaintiff failed to allege any consideration for defendant’s agreement to procure insurance. The disclosure statement attached to the complaint shows what the consideration would have been for the insurance, had it been procured. Plaintiff was of course not required to pay the consideration until there was something to pay for.
See Monsantofils v. Gacek Ins. Agency,
282 Or 3, 6, 576 P2d 789 (1978). Further, plaintiffs alleged a reliance on the promise to their detriment. There is also consideration in that defendants would be assured of repayment of the loan.
Defendant challenges the third cause of action as improperly joining contract and tort causes. Although there is language in the third cause of action which appears to relate to a contractual duty, the allegations attribute the claimed injuries to tortious activity.
Finally, defendant argues that plaintiff
can
have no tort cause of action in the context of a contractual relationship of the kind alleged. Defendant relies on
Farris v. U. S. Fid. and Guar. Co.,
284 Or 453, 587 P2d 1015 (1978), where the court held that no tort cause of action could be stated by an insured by reason of a liability insurer’s wrongful failure to accept the tender by the insured of the latter’s defense in a lawsuit. The basic rationale of the court was that no fiduciary obligation sufficient to establish a predicate
for tort liability existed; because the insurer had declined to act in a representative capacity for the insured, the insured’s only cause of action was for the insurer’s breach of its contractual obligation to act in such a capacity.
It is reasonably clear that both contract and tort theories can be pursued by a plaintiff who alleges that a defendant has failed to procure insurance.
See Monsantofils v. Gacek Ins. Agency, supra.
The contractual relationship which plaintiff alleges existed here was not one of insurer and insured.
Farris
is inapposite.
The demurrer to the first cause of action was properly sustained; it was not as to the second and third causes of action.
The judgment dismissing the complaint is reversed and the case is remanded; the supplemental judgment for attorney’s fees is vacated.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded.