Borough of Califon v. Stonegate Properties, Inc.

2 N.J. Tax 153
CourtNew Jersey Tax Court
DecidedFebruary 3, 1981
StatusPublished
Cited by14 cases

This text of 2 N.J. Tax 153 (Borough of Califon v. Stonegate Properties, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Tax Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Borough of Califon v. Stonegate Properties, Inc., 2 N.J. Tax 153 (N.J. Super. Ct. 1981).

Opinion

EVERS, J. T. C.

The subject of this appeal is the second largest horse farm (standardbred — pacers and trotters) operation in New Jersey. The property involved, formerly known as Justamere Farm, contains approximately 525 acres located in Tewksbury, Lebanon and Califon in Hunterdon County. Only the 52 acre portion in Califon (borough) is under appeal. From denials by the borough assessor of its claim for farmland assessment pursuant to N.J.S.A. 54:4-23.1 et seq. (the act) for 1974 through 1978, the taxpayer sought relief from the Hunterdon County Board of Taxation. The Board found in favor of the taxpayer in each [156]*156year and the borough has filed this appeal. True value is not in issue. In issue here is the treatment to be accorded to marginal — outlying lands similar to the question presented in Andover v. Kymer, 140 N.J.Super. 399, 356 A.2d 418 (App.Div.1976) and a woodland claim, based on a silviculture program1 as was addressed in Urban Farms, Inc. v. Wayne, 159 N.J.Super. 61, 386 A.2d 1357 (App.Div.1978).

The subject lands were admittedly in farm use for many years.2 From 1920 to approximately 1952 the lands were used as a dairy farm. From 1953, when it was purchased by one Schwartz, trading as Justamere Farms, it was used for more general farming purposes including the raising of crops and animals. In 1969 the entire tract was sold to the taxpayer who was then operating a horse farm known as the Hill Road Farm, which was approximately five miles distant. Actual possession by the taxpayer was deferred until May 1972, during which period it was assumed Schwartz would continue farming on a limited basis. From the inception of the act in 1965 through 19733 the favored farmland treatment was accorded to the entire premises. The contiguous lands in Tewksbury and Lebanon have qualified for farmland assessment for each year to date.

Prior to 1972 taxpayer had conducted its horse farm operation at the Hill Road tract. On taking possession of Justamere Farm in that year and after making extensive repairs to buildings and fences and preparing the lands for the growing of good quality [157]*157hay and grain, a portion of the operation was transferred to Justamere. To be noted is that none of the repair and soil conditioning work took place on the Califon tract. In fact taxpayer conceded that the Califon lands were never used for pasturing its animals or the growing of crops. Taxpayer nevertheless claims it is eligible for farmland assessment because the Califon lands are an integral part of the farm and serve as an essential buffer for the admitted qualified farm operations conducted in Tewksbury and Lebanon. The primary question thus presented is whether these 52 acres, which were never used by this taxpayer directly for agricultural or horticultural purposes, may nevertheless qualify for farmland assessment. The borough’s denials were based on its assessor’s conclusion that such lands were not actively devoted to agricultural or horticultural purposes as required by the act.

For land to qualify for farmland assessment the act, in its pertinent provisions, requires the following.

1. The area of the land must be no less than five acres. N.J.S.A. 54:4- 23.6(b).
2. The land must have been actively devoted to agricultural or horticultural use for at least the two successive years immediately preceding the tax year in question. N.J.S.A. 54:4-23.6(a).

The “actively devoted” criteria is deemed satisfied “... when the gross sales of agricultural or horticultural products produced thereon together with any payments received under a soil conservation program have averaged at least $500 per year during the two year period immediately preceding the tax year in issue, or there is clear evidence of anticipated yearly gross sales and such payments amounting to at least $500 within a reasonable period of time.” N.J.S.A. 54:4-23.5. A 1973 amendment provides that each acre in excess of five acres must produce $5 if devoted to agricultural-horticultural use and $.50 in the case of woodland and wetland.

Land is deemed to be in agricultural use “... when devoted to the production for sale of plants and animals useful to man, including but not limited to: ... grain and feed crops; ... horses ..., including the breeding ... of such animals; trees and forest products... . ” N.J.S.A. 54:4-23.3.

[158]*158Obviously the 52 acres located in Califon satisfy the area requirements of the Act. Taxpayer’s unrefuted testimony was that at any given time during each year in question it raised and bred 150 horses on the Justamere Farm and produced approximately 12,000-15,000 bales of hay and straw thereon each year. The annual gross sales of the animals and the value of the hay and straw produced thereon and consumed by the animals was never less than $111,500 and reached a high of over $400,000. Accordingly, if the subject lands are viewed as part and parcel of the Justamere Farm in the sense that the nature of the operation and the income generated from the Tewksbury and/or Lebanon portion is attributed to the Califon tract, it would appear that the requirements of the Act are satisfied.

The borough claims however that the Califon lands must stand alone and satisfy the requirements of the Act independent of the Lebanon-Tewkesbury operation. It further claims that the subject lands are capable of supporting the farming activities contemplated by the Act and are not of the marginal character so as to qualify as part of a farm as was found in Andover v. Kymer, supra. It lastly claims that the alleged silviculture program fell short of satisfying the “trees and forest products” requirement of the Act. In summary, according to the borough, the subject lands were not “actively devoted” to agricultural use. The determination of answers to these issues requires an understanding of the nature of taxpayer’s business and of the Califon lands.

The taxpayer commenced the operation of a standardbred horse4 farm at the Hill Road tract in 1965. Due to the growing interest in the sport of harness racing, taxpayer’s operation was [159]*159expanded and in 1972 it took possession of the Justamere Farm. While the breeding part of the operation primarily remained at Hill Road, the boarding and raising of the horses was evenly divided between the two farms. The taxpayer stands three stallions on the farm for the accommodation of outside mares which are brought to the premises for breeding purposes. The stud fees vary from $1,500 to $2,000 per performance. The mares and foals are boarded and yearlings5 are also raised in the six barns on the 475 acres in Tewkesbury and Lebanon. The annual sales inclusive of the yearlings and horses varied with some yearlings selling for $35,000 each and broodmares having a sales value in excess of $100,000. The boarding fees averaged approximately $250 per month per horse.

Approximately 87.5 acres of Justamere are devoted to the raising of alfalfa hay which, according to the taxpayer, produced approximately 12,000-15,000 bales with a value of approximately $30,000. The hay was not sold commercially but was fed to the animals.

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Bluebook (online)
2 N.J. Tax 153, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/borough-of-califon-v-stonegate-properties-inc-njtaxct-1981.