Best Formed Plastics, LLC, and Jane Stewart v. George Shoun

51 N.E.3d 345, 41 I.E.R. Cas. (BNA) 121, 2016 Ind. App. LEXIS 41, 2016 WL 614025
CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedFebruary 16, 2016
Docket20A03-1506-PL-651
StatusPublished
Cited by13 cases

This text of 51 N.E.3d 345 (Best Formed Plastics, LLC, and Jane Stewart v. George Shoun) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Best Formed Plastics, LLC, and Jane Stewart v. George Shoun, 51 N.E.3d 345, 41 I.E.R. Cas. (BNA) 121, 2016 Ind. App. LEXIS 41, 2016 WL 614025 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016).

Opinion

CRONE, Judge.

Case Summary

[1] Best Formed Plastics, LLC (“BFP”) and Jane Stewart appeal the trial court’s entry of judgment on jury verdicts in favor of their former employee George Shoun. Shoun sustained a shoulder injury while at work and subsequently filed a worker’s compensation claim. His employment was later terminated. He sued BFP and Jane, one of its owners, for retaliatory discharge, defamation, and invasion of privacy by false light, claiming among other things, that he was fired in retaliation for filing a worker’s compensation claim.

[2] Following a trial, the jury found in Shoun’s favor on the retaliatory discharge and invasion of privacy claims and awarded him a total of $412,680 in compensatory and punitive damages. On appeal, BFP asserts that the trial court erred as a matter of law in entering judgment on the jury’s verdict against BFP for retaliatory discharge. BFP and Jane also contend that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing certain jury instructions. Finally, BFP and Jane claim error regarding the damages awards. Finding no error or abuse of discretion, and determining that BFP and Jane have waived one of their assertions of error, we affirm.

Facts and Procedural History

[3] The relevant facts favorable to the verdicts indicate that BFP is a family-owned plastic fabricating business operated in Elkhart. Jimmy Stewart established BFP in the fall of 2006. He is the president and 60% owner of the company; his wife Jane is the secretary and treasurer and 48% owner; and his son Jeb is the production manager and 2% owner. Shoun began working for BFP in June 2007. Shoun was a high school friend of Jimmy’s and had continued to be a close friend through the years, even serving as the best man in Jimmy and Jane’s wedding. Prior to commencing his employment at BFP, Shoun received specific training on the operation of a type of plastic fabricating machine called a CNC machine. While working at BFP, Shoun performed various duties including operating a double-table CNC machine, driving a truck for deliveries, repairing and maintaining equipment, and designing programs for the machines. Shoun’s primary work over the last several years, however, involved operating an automatic thermo-forming machine.

[4] The automatic thermoforming machine was akin to a large oven. To operate the machine, Shoun was required to lift pieces of raw plastic material and place them into molds. Most of the pieces of raw plastic were between two and ten *348 pounds, with a few being around fifteen pounds. On very rare occasions, a piece of plastic would weigh over twenty-five pounds. In addition to lifting and moving raw plastic material, Shoun was required to set molds into and remove molds from the thermoforming machine. Because a single mold could weigh up to 800 pounds, Shoun used a forklift to both set and remove molds. Shoun’s operation of the thermoforming machine did require some overhead lifting.

[5] On Friday, March 9, 2012, fifty-eight-year-old Shoun fell and dislocated his shoulder while attempting to secure an airline that had come loose from the automatic thermoforming machine. Shoun remained off work for one week and returned to work with medical restrictions on Monday, March 19, 2012. He was prohibited from lifting more than five pounds with his left arm and from performing overhead lifting. Accordingly, Shoun performed duties such as sanding, drilling, counting, numbering, and packaging small parts. It was determined that Shoun would perform this light-duty work until, May 21, 2012, the day before he was scheduled to take medical leave for shoulder surgery.

[6] On May 14, 2012, Jane sent an email to BFP’s insurance agent regarding Shoun’s upcoming surgery and medical leave and the possible financial repercussions that a worker’s compensation claim could have on BFP. Jane wrote,

After my conversations with you last week, we decided it would be in the best interest of BFP to pay George Shounws payroll directly after his surgery rather tha[n] Workmans Comp pay his w[a]ges in order to lessen the hit on our premium for the next couple of years.
I just got off the phone with the Work-mans Comp contact an[d] she advised me that after George’s surgery and recovery, he will be awarded when the claimant is at medical maximum improvement a “Permanent Par[tial] Impairment Rating” and could be awarded anywhere between $5000-$14,000.00! This money would come from the Work-mans Comp fund or from [BFP]. No one knows the exact amount until the end of the process.
Based upon this new infor, I am not sure we should pay George directly. I am just [wanting] to do the right thing to lessen any more costs to BFP.

Appellee’s App. at 62.

[7] Also, while Shoun was working the day before his scheduled surgery, Jeb Stewart accused Shoun of “buffalo[ing]” the doctors and the insurance company and that he had “everybody fooled.” Tr. at 652. Jeb told Shoun that he knew better and that there was nothing wrong with him because “a woman can shove a baby head out of her p* * *y and in five (5) days be back to work.” Id. On May 22, 2012, Shoun had surgery on his shoulder and began receiving payments through worker’s compensation.

[8] While Shoun was on medical leave following surgery, Shoun was contacted by his worker’s compensation caseworker who informed him that BFP had a position open for a CNC operator. The CNC machine operation involved fabricating parts that weighed only a few pounds each and could be done within Shoun’s continued medical restrictions of lifting no more than five pounds with his left arm and no overhead lifting. Accordingly, Shoun reported back to work at BFP on August 13, 2012. A few days later, Jeb angrily approached Shoun and told him that, while he was gone, he had “cost the company a lot more than just production.” Id. at 656. Thereafter, Jeb seemed continually mad at Shoun and treated him poorly. Shoun felt as if Jeb was intentionally harassing him *349 so, on August 29, Shoun told one of the worker’s compensation insurance adjusters about it. The adjuster told Shoun that she was going to “make a call because this ha[s] to stop.” Id. at 659. The following day, Jimmy and Jeb confronted Shoun with two disciplinary incident reports written about Shoun that alleged incidents on August 22 and 28. Shoun disputed the claims in both reports but was told by Jeb that he had no choice but to sign and acknowledge the reports.

[9] Shoun continued to work at BFP as a CNC operator, under the same medical restrictions as before, until September 17, 2012. Jeb approached Shoun at the end of his shift and told him that BFP would not have any work for him for the rest of the week. Unbeknownst to Shoun, the next day, Jane spoke with the worker’s compensation insurance adjuster and told her that “due to lack of work,” BFP would not have Shoun come in for the remainder of the week and likely not the following week either, but that if “sales rise, we will bring him back.” Appellee’s App. at 23. No other employee of BFP was told that their services were no longer needed due to this alleged downturn in sales. In fact, BFP’s tax returns show that sales steadily increased between 2012 and 2013. That same day, Jane told BFP’s insurance agent to cancel “all insurance” for Shoun.

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51 N.E.3d 345, 41 I.E.R. Cas. (BNA) 121, 2016 Ind. App. LEXIS 41, 2016 WL 614025, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/best-formed-plastics-llc-and-jane-stewart-v-george-shoun-indctapp-2016.