Audrey Klimawicze v. Carolyn Trancoso

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedMarch 13, 2009
Docket08-2208
StatusUnpublished

This text of Audrey Klimawicze v. Carolyn Trancoso (Audrey Klimawicze v. Carolyn Trancoso) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Audrey Klimawicze v. Carolyn Trancoso, (7th Cir. 2009).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued March 3, 2009 Decided March 13, 2009

Before

WILLIAM J. BAUER, Circuit Judge

MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge

DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judge

No. 08‐2208

AUDREY KLIMAWICZE, Appeal from the United States District Petitioner‐Appellant, Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. v. No. 06 C 2941 CAROLYN TRANCOSO, Warden, Respondent‐Appellee. Matthew F. Kennelly, Judge.

O R D E R

Following a jury trial in state court, Audrey Klimawicze was convicted of first‐degree murder, armed robbery, and home invasion, for which she received concurrent sentences totaling 92 years. Her direct appeal was unsuccessful, as were her efforts to obtain a writ of certiorari from the Supreme Court of the United States. Klimawicze sought federal collateral relief as well, see 28 U.S.C. § 2254, but that, too, was unavailing. Now she turns to this court, arguing that her Sixth Amendment right to confrontation was violated when investigators testified at trial that Klimawicze’s boyfriend told her, in an interrogation room, that he had just confessed to the “true story.” Klimawicze insists that this is testimonial hearsay, but she is mistaken. The court admitted the testimony not for the truth of the matter asserted—but No. 08‐2208 Page 2

rather to explain why Klimawicze had confessed shortly thereafter. The Illinois appellate court concluded that this non‐hearsay purpose eliminated any Confrontation Clause problem. And because that decision was not contrary to or an unreasonable application of clearly established federal law, see 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1), we affirm.

Background

A. Trial Court Proceedings

In August 1997, police officers discovered the partially burned body of Audrey V. Klimawicze—the petitioner’s mother—in a garbage container on the south side of Chicago. People v. Klimawicze, 815 N.E.2d 760, 765‐66 (Ill. App. Ct. 2004). Later that day police arrested Klimawicze (the daughter) and her boyfriend, Hector Mercado. Id. at 766. Within hours an eyewitness had identified Mercado as the man pushing the garbage container down an alley the previous evening. Id. As the interrogations stretched into the night, a taxi driver also reported a conversation with Klimawicze and Mercado in which Klimawicze had admitted that “she had an argument with her mother and had stabbed her. . . . ‘The bitch deserved it.’” Id. The taxi driver explained further that Mercado had replied, “‘You’re right. She deserved it. They can’t prove a thing.” Id. Meanwhile, back at the police station, Klimawicze and Mercado were each telling investigators that the other person was responsible for the crimes. Id. Roughly twenty‐four hours after his arrest, though, Mercado told a new story. Id. at 766‐67. According to Mercado’s narrative,

[Klimawicze] kicked her mother and forced her way into the apartment. Mercado followed. [Klimawicze] then strangled the victim with the cord and instructed Mercado to stab her. He stabbed the victim three times while [Klimawicze] continued to choke her. After taking money from the victim’s apartment, they went to the projects to buy heroin and dispose of their weapons.

Id. at 767. Investigators confronted Klimawicze with Mercado’s latest statement, but she did not believe that it came from him. Id. So investigators brought Mercado into Klimawicze’s interrogation room, where he announced to her, “‘I told them the truth.’” Id. Shortly thereafter Klimawicze confessed in a written statement detailing how she had choked her mother with a cord while Mercado stabbed her. Id.

Klimawicze and Mercado were tried simultaneously before different juries. At trial Klimawicze argued that her confession was false—that it was obtained only after hours of harsh interrogation tactics, isolation, and intimidation. The state countered with another explanation—that Klimawicze confessed in response to learning from Mercado that he had divulged the “true” story. But Mercado was not an available witness for Fifth Amendment No. 08‐2208 Page 3

reasons, so the prosecution introduced his statement through two others. Detective Joseph Danzl testified that 45 minutes before Klimawicze confessed, “Hector Mercado made a statement to Audrey Klimawicze. . . . He told her that he had just told the assistant state’s attorney and the detective the true story.” Assistant State’s Attorney Thomas Bilyk also testified that “Hector said I told them the true story.” Klimawicze objected to this testimony on hearsay grounds, but the court admitted it for the limited purpose of providing context for her confession. At a sidebar earlier that day, the prosecutor summarized the evidentiary ruling: “[M]y understanding . . . was we could not put the substance of any statement of the co‐ defendant [Mercado] in, but that we could of course put in whatever he said to Audrey . . . going to the course of the investigation, not the truth of the matter asserted, but to show her state of mind and her reason for giving the [confession].” The state returned to this testimony in its closing argument, emphasizing that Klimawicze confessed in response to Mercado’s statement:

When Hector was brought into the room, and Hector said to Audrey, I told them the true story. That’s when she knew the jig was up. That’s when she gives the complete and true confession to the murder of her mother.

How do you know this is true? Ladies and gentlemen, look at the evidence and the facts. First of all, all those shifts in her statements to the police and all those shifts she took when she testified on the witness stand as I said are the shifts made by a guilty mind.

B. Illinois Appellate Court Proceedings

On direct appeal Klimawicze asserted that the investigators’ testimony concerning Mercado’s statement violated her right to confrontation under the Sixth Amendment. Klimawicze, 815 N.E.2d at 771. But the Illinois court rejected that argument on two grounds, noting the Supreme Court decision in Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004) some five months earlier. To begin with, the court reasoned, “the substance of Mercadoʹs story was not admitted into evidence.” Id. And, second, the evidence was admitted for a non‐hearsay purpose: “the prosecution was explaining why defendant decided to confess, thereby bolstering the reliability of her confession.” Id. at 772. The Illinois Supreme Court denied Klimawicze leave to appeal, People v. Klimawicze, 829 N.E.2d 791 (Ill. 2005), and the Supreme Court of the United States denied certiorari as well, Klimawicze v. Illinois, 544 U.S. 1067 (2005). No. 08‐2208 Page 4

C. Federal Habeas Corpus Proceedings

In denying Klimawicze’s § 2254 petition, the district court echoed much of the same analysis. For example, the court emphasized that “the substance of Mercado’s statement was not introduced against Klimawicze.” The court explained further that “[n]either Crawford nor the Confrontation Clause bars . . .

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Related

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Bluebook (online)
Audrey Klimawicze v. Carolyn Trancoso, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/audrey-klimawicze-v-carolyn-trancoso-ca7-2009.