Judgment rendered September 23, 2020. Application for rehearing may be filed within the delay allowed by Art. 2166, La. C.C.P.
No. 53,586-CA
COURT OF APPEAL SECOND CIRCUIT STATE OF LOUISIANA
*****
ARNOLD LOWTHER, ET AL Plaintiff-Appellants
versus
TOWN OF BASTROP Defendant-Appellees
Appealed from the Fourth Judicial District Court for the Parish of Morehouse, Louisiana Trial Court No. 2008333
Honorable Robert C. Johnson, Judge
VILAR & GREEN, LLC Counsel for Appellants, By: Aaron L. Green Arnold Lowther, Mark Mark Felipe Vilar Middlebrook, Richard McDonald, Stephen Kelly, Bard White, Jeffery Ramey, Heath Eppinette, Timothy Williams, Jamie Walker, Marvin A. Holmes, Jr., Kenneth Watt, Chad Manning, John W. Sharp, Ted Grimes, Kenneth G. Diel, Ricky King, Josh Morrison, Kevin Riles, Damon Carroll, Greg Cheek, David Robinson, Corey Robinson, Scott G. Bulloch, Danny D. Barmore, Rodney Brown, Arnold D. Ray, John Hattaway, Chad Yeldell, Kevin Diel, William Lee James, Chris Parker
PIERRE & PIERRE, L.L.C. Counsel for Appellees, By: James Rodney Pierre City of Bastrop, Town of Bastrop, Henry Cotton, Marvin Moore, Larry Prator, Robert Shaw, Darry Green, Howard Loche
Before WILLIAMS, MOORE, and STONE, JJ. STONE, J.
The plaintiffs-appellants are 32 current and former firemen with the
City of Bastrop Fire Department. Appellants filed a petition for writ of
mandamus seeking enforcement of a May 6, 2019 judgment, ordering
previously calculated back pay amounts from the City of Bastrop and its
officials. In response, the City of Bastrop and its officials filed an exception
of no cause of action, which the trial court sustained. Appellants now appeal
that ruling.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On May 5, 2008, appellants filed suit against the City of Bastrop
(“City”), alleging that the City’s pay practices violated applicable law.
On November 13, 2014, the trial court granted appellants’ petition for
declaratory judgment, and ordered the City and its fire department to enact a
uniform salary/plan scheme that complied with applicable law.
On December 19, 2016, the trial court adopted appellants’ proposed
pay plan from January 1, 2005 through the indefinite future, and awarded a
monetary judgment for all amounts due appellants under that plan.
Following the May 6, 2019 trial, judgment was rendered in favor of
each appellant, confirming the calculated back pay amounts as mandated by
law.
On October 16, 2019, appellants filed a petition for writ of mandamus
requesting the trial court order the City to comply with its ministerial duty to
pay its firemen in accordance with applicable law, as reflected in the May 6,
2019 judgment. In response, the City filed an answer and exception of no
cause of action. The City argued that appellants are not entitled to use a writ
of mandamus as an alternative means to execute a judgment against a political subdivision. Appellants filed an opposition to the City’s exception
of no cause of action. Appellants argue that they are entitled to the writ of
mandamus, as it relates to ministerial duties afforded by the Louisiana
Constitution and Louisiana Civil Service laws.
After a hearing on the exception of no cause of action, the trial court
sustained the exception and the appellants were granted ten days to amend
their petition for writ of mandamus. Appellants subsequently filed a timely
amended petition for writ of mandamus. The trial court, again, sustained the
City’s exception of no cause of action, signed a judgment to that effect, and
dismissed appellants’ amended petition for writ of mandamus with
prejudice. The appellants now seek review.
DISSCUSSION
Appellants have filed an appeal asking this Court to review the trial
court’s ruling which sustained the City’s exception of no cause of action.
The peremptory exception of no cause of action tests the legal
sufficiency of the petition by determining whether the law affords a remedy
on the facts alleged in the petition. Gipson v. Fortune, 45,021 (La. App. 2
Cir. 1/27/10), 30 So. 3d 1076, writ denied, 10-0432 (La. 4/30/10), 34 So. 3d
298. The burden of showing that the plaintiff has stated no cause of action is
upon the exceptor. City of New Orleans v. Board of Directors of La. State
Museum, 98-1170 (La. 3/2/99), 739 So. 2d 748; In re Succession of Carroll,
46,327 (La. App. 2 Cir. 7/20/11), 72 So. 3d 384, writ not cons., 11-1844 (La.
11/4/11), 75 So. 3d 912.
The exception is triable on the face of the petition, and each well-pled
fact must be accepted as true. There is no requirement that the court accept
as true any conclusions of law alleged in the petition. Dejoie v. Medley, 2 41,333 (La. App. 2 Cir. 12/20/06), 945 So. 2d 968. In determining whether
the law affords any remedy, all reasonable inferences are made in favor of
the nonmoving party. City of New Orleans v. Board of Directors of La.
State Museum, supra; Rangel v. Denny, 47,381 (La. App. 2 Cir. 8/8/12), 104
So. 3d 68. Generally, an exception of no cause of action must be overruled
unless the allegations in the petition exclude every reasonable hypothesis
other than the premise on which the defense is based, i.e., unless the plaintiff
has no cause of action under any evidence admissible under the pleadings.
Steed v. St. Paul’s United Methodist Church, 31,521 (La. App. 2 Cir.
2/24/99), 728 So. 2d 931, writ denied, 99-0877 (La. 5/7/99), 740 So. 2d
1290.
Appellate courts conduct a de novo review of a district court’s ruling
sustaining an exception of no cause of action, because the exception raises a
question of law and the district court’s decision should be based only on the
sufficiency of the petition. An exception of no cause of action is sustained
only when it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts
in support of any claim which would entitle him to relief. The question is
whether, in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, the petition states any
valid cause of action for relief. Badeaux v. Southwest Computer Bureau,
Inc., 05-0612 (La. 3/17/06), 929 So. 2d 1211; City of New Orleans v. Board
of Directors of La. State Museum, supra.
In the instant case, the City filed an exception of no cause of action in
response to the appellants’ request for a writ of mandamus to enforce the
May 6, 2019 judgment. The City argues that as a political subdivision it
cannot be compelled to pay the May 6, 2019 judgment, via a writ of
mandamus.
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Judgment rendered September 23, 2020. Application for rehearing may be filed within the delay allowed by Art. 2166, La. C.C.P.
No. 53,586-CA
COURT OF APPEAL SECOND CIRCUIT STATE OF LOUISIANA
*****
ARNOLD LOWTHER, ET AL Plaintiff-Appellants
versus
TOWN OF BASTROP Defendant-Appellees
Appealed from the Fourth Judicial District Court for the Parish of Morehouse, Louisiana Trial Court No. 2008333
Honorable Robert C. Johnson, Judge
VILAR & GREEN, LLC Counsel for Appellants, By: Aaron L. Green Arnold Lowther, Mark Mark Felipe Vilar Middlebrook, Richard McDonald, Stephen Kelly, Bard White, Jeffery Ramey, Heath Eppinette, Timothy Williams, Jamie Walker, Marvin A. Holmes, Jr., Kenneth Watt, Chad Manning, John W. Sharp, Ted Grimes, Kenneth G. Diel, Ricky King, Josh Morrison, Kevin Riles, Damon Carroll, Greg Cheek, David Robinson, Corey Robinson, Scott G. Bulloch, Danny D. Barmore, Rodney Brown, Arnold D. Ray, John Hattaway, Chad Yeldell, Kevin Diel, William Lee James, Chris Parker
PIERRE & PIERRE, L.L.C. Counsel for Appellees, By: James Rodney Pierre City of Bastrop, Town of Bastrop, Henry Cotton, Marvin Moore, Larry Prator, Robert Shaw, Darry Green, Howard Loche
Before WILLIAMS, MOORE, and STONE, JJ. STONE, J.
The plaintiffs-appellants are 32 current and former firemen with the
City of Bastrop Fire Department. Appellants filed a petition for writ of
mandamus seeking enforcement of a May 6, 2019 judgment, ordering
previously calculated back pay amounts from the City of Bastrop and its
officials. In response, the City of Bastrop and its officials filed an exception
of no cause of action, which the trial court sustained. Appellants now appeal
that ruling.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On May 5, 2008, appellants filed suit against the City of Bastrop
(“City”), alleging that the City’s pay practices violated applicable law.
On November 13, 2014, the trial court granted appellants’ petition for
declaratory judgment, and ordered the City and its fire department to enact a
uniform salary/plan scheme that complied with applicable law.
On December 19, 2016, the trial court adopted appellants’ proposed
pay plan from January 1, 2005 through the indefinite future, and awarded a
monetary judgment for all amounts due appellants under that plan.
Following the May 6, 2019 trial, judgment was rendered in favor of
each appellant, confirming the calculated back pay amounts as mandated by
law.
On October 16, 2019, appellants filed a petition for writ of mandamus
requesting the trial court order the City to comply with its ministerial duty to
pay its firemen in accordance with applicable law, as reflected in the May 6,
2019 judgment. In response, the City filed an answer and exception of no
cause of action. The City argued that appellants are not entitled to use a writ
of mandamus as an alternative means to execute a judgment against a political subdivision. Appellants filed an opposition to the City’s exception
of no cause of action. Appellants argue that they are entitled to the writ of
mandamus, as it relates to ministerial duties afforded by the Louisiana
Constitution and Louisiana Civil Service laws.
After a hearing on the exception of no cause of action, the trial court
sustained the exception and the appellants were granted ten days to amend
their petition for writ of mandamus. Appellants subsequently filed a timely
amended petition for writ of mandamus. The trial court, again, sustained the
City’s exception of no cause of action, signed a judgment to that effect, and
dismissed appellants’ amended petition for writ of mandamus with
prejudice. The appellants now seek review.
DISSCUSSION
Appellants have filed an appeal asking this Court to review the trial
court’s ruling which sustained the City’s exception of no cause of action.
The peremptory exception of no cause of action tests the legal
sufficiency of the petition by determining whether the law affords a remedy
on the facts alleged in the petition. Gipson v. Fortune, 45,021 (La. App. 2
Cir. 1/27/10), 30 So. 3d 1076, writ denied, 10-0432 (La. 4/30/10), 34 So. 3d
298. The burden of showing that the plaintiff has stated no cause of action is
upon the exceptor. City of New Orleans v. Board of Directors of La. State
Museum, 98-1170 (La. 3/2/99), 739 So. 2d 748; In re Succession of Carroll,
46,327 (La. App. 2 Cir. 7/20/11), 72 So. 3d 384, writ not cons., 11-1844 (La.
11/4/11), 75 So. 3d 912.
The exception is triable on the face of the petition, and each well-pled
fact must be accepted as true. There is no requirement that the court accept
as true any conclusions of law alleged in the petition. Dejoie v. Medley, 2 41,333 (La. App. 2 Cir. 12/20/06), 945 So. 2d 968. In determining whether
the law affords any remedy, all reasonable inferences are made in favor of
the nonmoving party. City of New Orleans v. Board of Directors of La.
State Museum, supra; Rangel v. Denny, 47,381 (La. App. 2 Cir. 8/8/12), 104
So. 3d 68. Generally, an exception of no cause of action must be overruled
unless the allegations in the petition exclude every reasonable hypothesis
other than the premise on which the defense is based, i.e., unless the plaintiff
has no cause of action under any evidence admissible under the pleadings.
Steed v. St. Paul’s United Methodist Church, 31,521 (La. App. 2 Cir.
2/24/99), 728 So. 2d 931, writ denied, 99-0877 (La. 5/7/99), 740 So. 2d
1290.
Appellate courts conduct a de novo review of a district court’s ruling
sustaining an exception of no cause of action, because the exception raises a
question of law and the district court’s decision should be based only on the
sufficiency of the petition. An exception of no cause of action is sustained
only when it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts
in support of any claim which would entitle him to relief. The question is
whether, in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, the petition states any
valid cause of action for relief. Badeaux v. Southwest Computer Bureau,
Inc., 05-0612 (La. 3/17/06), 929 So. 2d 1211; City of New Orleans v. Board
of Directors of La. State Museum, supra.
In the instant case, the City filed an exception of no cause of action in
response to the appellants’ request for a writ of mandamus to enforce the
May 6, 2019 judgment. The City argues that as a political subdivision it
cannot be compelled to pay the May 6, 2019 judgment, via a writ of
mandamus. 3 A writ of mandamus may be issued in all cases where the law provides no relief by ordinary means or where the delay involved in obtaining relief may cause injustice; provided, however, that no court shall issue or cause to be issued a writ of mandamus to compel the expenditure of state funds by any state department, board or agency, or any officer, administrator or head thereof, or any officer of the state of Louisiana, in any suit or action involving the expenditure of public funds under any statute or law of this state, when the director of such department, board or agency or the governor shall certify that the expenditure of such funds would have the effect of creating a deficit in the funds of said agency or be in violation of the requirements placed upon the expenditure of such funds by the legislature. La. C.C.P. art. 3862.
“Mandamus is a writ directing a public officer ... to perform” “a
ministerial duty required by law.” Jazz Casino Company, L.L.C v. Bridges,
16-1663 (La. 5/3/17), 223 So. 3d 488, 492. “A ‘ministerial duty’ is one ‘in
which no element of discretion is left to the public officer,’ in other words,
‘a simple, definite duty, arising under conditions admitted or proved to exist,
and imposed by law.’” Id. at 492, citing Hoag v. State, 04-0857 (La.
12/1/04), 889 So. 2d 1019. “If a public officer is vested with any element of
discretion, mandamus will not lie.” Id. at 492, citing Landry v. City of
Erath, 628 So. 2d 1178 (La. App. 3 Cir. 1993).
In order to determine if the trial court properly sustained the City’s
exception of no cause of action, we must first determine if the requested
action in the writ of mandamus is a ministerial act.
Appellants rely upon La. R.S. 33:1969 (which mandates that firemen
receive equal compensation for equal performance); and La. R.S. 33:1992,
(which mandates the minimum salaries for firemen in the City and how
longevity pay is calculated), in arguing that the requested action is a
ministerial act. Appellants argue that the mandatory language of these
statutes removes from the city council any discretion to perform. Appellants
4 further argue that they have no other legal mechanism to obtain payment of
the funds, as they have already exhausted ordinary proceedings as evidenced
by the May 6, 2019 judgment.
The state constitution divides governmental power among separate
legislative, executive, and judicial branches and provides that no one branch
shall exercise powers belonging to the others. Hoag v. State, supra, citing
La. Const., art. II, §§ 1 and 2. “This trichotomous branching of authority
furnishes the basis for the existence of an inherent judicial power that the
legislative and executive branches cannot abridge.” Id. “Likewise, the
judicial branch is prohibited from infringing upon the inherent powers of the
legislative and executive branches.” Id. Thus, when litigants seek to invoke
the power of the judiciary to compel another branch of government to
perform or act, care must be taken in examining whether the action is within
the confines of the judiciary’s constitutional authority. Id.
Newman Marchive Partnership, Inc. v. City of Shreveport, 07-
1890 (La. 4/8/08), 979 So. 2d 1262, held:
The constitution allocates the judiciary some power over the other branches through article XII, section 10(A), where it waives the State’s immunity in suits in contract and tort. See Jones v. City of Baton Rouge, 388 So. 2d 737, 740 (La.1980). Thus, the judicial branch is empowered to render judgments against the state. Hoag v. State, 04-0857 (La. 12/1/04), 889 So.2d 1019. However, the constitution does not provide the judiciary with the ability to execute those judgments…
Still, the combined effect of article XII, section 10(C) and LSA-R.S. § 13:5109(B)(2) is clear. Judgments against a political subdivision of the State may only be paid “out of funds appropriated for that purpose by the named political subdivision,” LSA-R.S. 13:5109(B)(2); Hoag, 04-0857, p. 5, 889 So. 2d at 1023, and under no circumstance shall “public property or public funds ... be subject to seizure”.
5 The constitution provides the judiciary the power to award a judgment
against a political subdivision, but reserves the power to execute the
judgment for the legislature.1 The legislature has statutorily created a
mechanism by which to execute judgments. See La. R.S. 13:5109(B)(2).
Though the City of Bastrop has a statutory mandate to adequately pay its
firemen, there is no statutory mandate to pay a judgment. Claims against the
state expressly require an appropriation of funds by the legislature or in this
case the city council. See Town of Sterlington v. Greater Ouachita Water
Company, 52,482 (La. App. 2 Cir. 4/10/19), 268 So. 3d 1257, writs denied,
19-0913 (La. 9/24/19), 279 So.3d 386 and 19-0717 (La. 9/24/19), 279 So.3d
931.
This case falls squarely within the scope of La. Const. art. XII, §
10(C), and La. R.S. 13:5109(B)(2), and thus requires an appropriation of
funds by the legislature or the political subdivision against which a judgment
was rendered. Payment of a judgment is not ministerial act. Appellants, as
judgment creditors of the City of Bastrop, are required to use the statutory
mechanisms provided by the legislature for executing a judgment against a
political subdivision. Appellants must obtain an appropriation of funds by
the city council.
1 [T]he legislature by law may limit or provide for the extent of liability of the state, a state agency, or a political subdivision in all cases, including the circumstances giving rise to liability and the kinds and amounts of recoverable damages. It shall provide a procedure for suits against the state, a state agency, or a political subdivision and provide for the effect of a judgment, but no public property or public funds shall be subject to seizure. The legislature may provide that such limitations, procedures, and effects of judgments shall be applicable to existing as well as future claims. No judgment against the state, a state agency, or a political subdivision shall be exigible, payable, or paid except from funds appropriated therefor by the legislature or by the political subdivision against which the judgment is rendered. La. Const. art. XII, § 10(C).
6 Appellants’ request to enforce the May 6, 2019 judgment is not within
the judiciary’s purview to enforce, and it is not appropriate for a writ of
mandamus. The trial court did not err in granting the City of Bastrop’s
exception of no cause of action. As judgment creditors, appellants are not
entitled to circumvent La. R.S. 13:5109(B)(2), and request a writ of
mandamus.
Appellants also argue that the trial court incorrectly dismissed their
writ of mandamus with prejudice, though the parties agreed the matter
would be dismissed without prejudice. To preserve an evidentiary issue for
appellate review, it is essential that the complaining party enter a
contemporaneous objection to the ruling and state the reasons for the
objection. Robinson v. Healthworks Intern., L.L.C., 36,802 (La. App. 2 Cir.
1/29/03), 837 So. 2d 714, writ not cons., 03-0965 (La. 5/16/03), 843 So. 2d
1120; Currie v. Myers, 32,633 (La. App. 2 Cir. 1/26/00), 750 So. 2d 388,
writ not cons., 00-0665 (La. 3/17/00), 756 So. 2d 316. A review of the
records shows that at the conclusion of the hearing counsel for the City of
Bastrop presented a judgment that had been approved as to form by both
parties. The trial court later questioned why the prepared judgment stated
that the exception was rendered without prejudice and informed the parties
that the judgment should contain the “with prejudice” language. Counsel for
the City of Bastrop agreed with the trial court, while counsel for appellants,
who was present, remained silent. The record does not show that appellants’
counsel objected to the trial court’s ruling to dismiss the matter with
prejudice, as to preserve the issue for appellate review. As such, this
argument is not properly before this Court.
7 CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, the trial court’s judgment sustaining
the exception of no cause of action filed by the City of Bastrop and
dismissing with prejudice appellants’ writ of mandamus is AFFIRMED.
Costs of this appeal are assessed to plaintiffs-appellants.