Armond McCloud, Jr. v. The City of New York, et al.

CourtDistrict Court, E.D. New York
DecidedDecember 29, 2025
Docket1:23-cv-08341
StatusUnknown

This text of Armond McCloud, Jr. v. The City of New York, et al. (Armond McCloud, Jr. v. The City of New York, et al.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, E.D. New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Armond McCloud, Jr. v. The City of New York, et al., (E.D.N.Y. 2025).

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ----------------------------------------------------------X ARMOND MCCLOUD, JR,

Plaintiff,

ORDER -against- 23 CV 8341 (NRM) (CLP)

THE CITY OF NEW YORK, et al.,

Defendant. ----------------------------------------------------------X POLLAK, United States Magistrate Judge:

On November 9, 2023, plaintiff Armond McCloud commenced this action against the City of New York, Carlos Gonzalez, Marianne Herbert, Thomas Wray, Glen Bove, James Girdusky, Joseph Croce, Michael Dempsey, Administrator of the Estate of Vincent Greco, Maureen Kempton, Edward Garnar, Rubin Martinez, Alquimides Arroyo, and John and Jane Doe 1-10, seeking damages pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1988, the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, and the laws of the City and State of New York, based upon plaintiff’s wrongful conviction on charges of murder in the second degree and criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, following a jury trial in Queens County, for which he received a sentence of 25 years to life on April 15, 1996. (Compl.1). In August 2023, plaintiff McCloud was exonerated after having been incarcerated for 29 years for the August 4, 1994, murder of Kei Sunada (hereinafter “the Sunada murder”). (Compl. ¶¶ 24, 36). The only substantive evidence in plaintiff’s criminal case, on which his conviction was based, was plaintiff’s confession to the crime. (Id. ¶ 41). Plaintiff confessed to killing

1 Citations to “Compl.” refer to plaintiff’s Complaint, filed November 9, 2023 (ECF No. 1). Sunada after hours of police interrogation, precipitated by the interrogation of several individuals, including one who implicated plaintiff, and plaintiff’s eventual co-defendant. (Id. ¶¶ 73, 79, 90, 194). Plaintiff’s indictment was dismissed in 2023 in light of the QDA’s Conviction Integrity Unit (CIU)’s determination that plaintiff’s confession had been coerced by defendant

Gonzalez, who had been involved in coercing false confessions in other cases. (Id. ¶¶ 22-24). In November 2023, plaintiff commenced this action bringing federal and state law claims for violations of his rights. Plaintiff served defendant City of New York with his discovery demands on February 15, 2025. (Pl.’s Mot.2 at 1). Over the next year and a half, the parties engaged in extended back- and-forth and conferral in an attempt to resolve discovery disputes that arose. (Id. at 2). On August 29, 2025, after defendants cancelled the most recent meet and confer, plaintiffs filed a

letter Motion to compel defendants to “comply with their discovery obligations.” (Pl.’s Mot.). This Motion is currently pending before this Court. On October 3, 2025, plaintiff filed a second letter with the Court, indicating the status of depositions and the death of defendant Edward Garnar (ECF No. 69). For the reasons set forth below, the Court grants plaintiff’s Motion in part and denies it in part. DISCUSSION

A. Legal Standards Rule 26(b)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides that parties “may obtain discovery regarding any nonprivileged material that is relevant to any party’s claim or defense

2 Citations to “Pl.’s Mot.” refer to plaintiff’s Letter Motion to Compel Discovery, filed August 29, 2025 (ECF No. 65). and proportional to the needs of the case.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). Relevancy under Rule 26 has been “‘construed broadly to encompass any matter that bears on, or that reasonably could lead to other matter that could bear on, any issue that is or may be in th[e] case.’” Giacchetto v. Patchogue-Medford Union Free Sch. Dist., 293 F.R.D. 112, 114 (E.D.N.Y. May 6, 2013)

(alteration in original) (quoting Oppenheimer Fund, Inc. v. Sanders, 437 U.S. 340, 351 (1978)). In reviewing plaintiff’s motion, the Court considers that while the scope of discovery is “broad,” it is not “limitless.” Fears v. Wilhelmina Model Agency, Inc., No. 02 CV 4911, 2004 WL 719185, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 1, 2004). The party seeking discovery must show tha t it is not engaging in “merely a fishing expedition.” Carl v. Edwards, No. 16 CV 3863, 2017 WL 4271443, at *3 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 25, 2017) (quoting Barbara v. MarineMax, Inc., No. 12 CV 368, 2013 WL 1952308, at *2 (E.D.N.Y. May 10, 2013)). Courts have recognized that plaintiffs bringing a federal civil rights action have a “strong interest in obtaining records relevant to” their claims. Owens v. County of Monroe, No. 21 CV 6445, 2025 WL 1902225, at *4 (W.D.N.Y. July 10, 2025). In these cases, there are “strong

federal interests in broad discovery and truth-seeking.” Crosby v. City of New York, 269 F.R.D. 267, 274 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) (internal quotations omitted). B. Privilege Log

Plaintiff complains that the City has invoked privilege in response to approximately 30 of plaintiff’s discovery requests and has made substantive redactions to more than 20 pages of disciplinary summaries. (Pl.’s Mot. at 2). Plaintiff seeks an Order compelling the City to produce a privilege log for the withheld material. (Id.) As for the redacted materials, plaintiff asserts that defendants refuse to explain the redactions, and indeed, over a year ago, counsel for defendants conceded that she did not know why the redactions had been made. (Id., n.2). Plaintiff seeks an Order requiring defendants to reproduce the documents in unredacted form by a date certain. (Id.)

In their response, filed September 8, 2025, defendants decline to provide a privilege log and instead ask the Court to rule on their objections to plaintiff’s Document Request Nos. 45, 46, 47 and 49. (Defs.’ Opp.3 at 3). Upon review of the parties’ arguments, the Court Orders defendants to produce a privilege log to plaintiff and the Court by January 23, 2026, regarding any documents for which defendants claim privilege. Document Request Nos. 45, 46, 47 and 49 are discussed in more

detail below. Document Request No. 45 seeks all documents relevant to formal or informal complaints made against any NYPD officer or employee concerning their conduct during the course of the investigation or re-investigation of this case or the cases of the other Sunada suspects, including plaintiff’s co-defendant, and lists four subcategories of documents: documents generated, received or maintained by the Internal Affairs division; by any other entity; contained in the

NYPD computers; and all information received pursuant to subpoenas during the pretrial and trial stages of this case or that of any other Sunada suspects. (ECF No. 65-1, Req. No. 45). Defendants objected on grounds of overbreadth, disproportionality to the needs of the case, and on the grounds that some of the documents sought “may be protected by law enforcement privilege, official information privilege and/or other applicable privileges.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 25). Defendants indicated in their response that they would provide documents

3 Citations to “Defs.’ Opp.” refer to defendants’ Response in Opposition re Letter Motion to Compel Discovery, filed September 8, 2025 (ECF No. 67). relating to civilian complaints of a similar nature, that are otherwise available publicly or involve the officers’ character for truthfulness for 10 years prior to the incident, and, if appropriate, the defendants’ IAB resumes and CPI’s subject to a protective order. (Id. at 26).

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Oppenheimer Fund, Inc. v. Sanders
437 U.S. 340 (Supreme Court, 1978)
Manzi v. DiCarlo
982 F. Supp. 125 (E.D. New York, 1997)
Coleman v. County of Suffolk
685 F. App'x 69 (Second Circuit, 2017)
People v. Wise
194 Misc. 2d 481 (New York Supreme Court, 2002)
Coleman v. County of Suffolk
174 F. Supp. 3d 747 (E.D. New York, 2016)
Jacoby v. Hartford Life & Accident Insurance
254 F.R.D. 477 (S.D. New York, 2009)
Crosby v. City of New York
269 F.R.D. 267 (S.D. New York, 2010)
King v. Conde
121 F.R.D. 180 (E.D. New York, 1988)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
Armond McCloud, Jr. v. The City of New York, et al., Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/armond-mccloud-jr-v-the-city-of-new-york-et-al-nyed-2025.