Andrews v. Utah Board of Pardons

836 P.2d 790, 192 Utah Adv. Rep. 10, 1992 Utah LEXIS 54, 1992 WL 188363
CourtUtah Supreme Court
DecidedJuly 29, 1992
Docket920347
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 836 P.2d 790 (Andrews v. Utah Board of Pardons) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Utah Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Andrews v. Utah Board of Pardons, 836 P.2d 790, 192 Utah Adv. Rep. 10, 1992 Utah LEXIS 54, 1992 WL 188363 (Utah 1992).

Opinions

PER CURIAM:

William Andrews has filed an application seeking a writ of habeas corpus and an extraordinary writ, contending that the Board of Pardons failed to comply with the Open and Public Meetings Act and violated his constitutional rights in denying his request for a commutation hearing and in declining to hold hearings on the matter. Andrews filed this petition with this court on July 23, 1992. The following day was a legal holiday in Utah. As of the time of this order, the Board of Pardons has not responded to the petition. Just as this opinion was being finalized, an amicus brief was filed by the State, together with a motion for leave to file. We grant the motion and have considered the State’s brief.

We treat the petition only as a request for an extraordinary writ. See Utah R.App.P. 19. We rule as follows:

We begin with Andrews’ argument that the Board of Pardons failed to comply with the Utah Open and Public Meetings Act because it spent more than six weeks reviewing Andrews’ petition for a commutation hearing without ever holding an open, public hearing on its fact-finding and decision-making processes. Because of this failure, Andrews contends, this court should void the Board’s denial of a commutation hearing. We agree in part.

We agree with Andrews that the Utah Open and Public Meetings Act, Utah Code Ann. §§ 52-4-1 to -9, applies to the proceedings of the Board of Pardons because the Board is a “public body” within the meaning of the Act. See id. § 52-4-2(2). The State argues that the process by which the Board arrived at the decision not to grant a commutation hearing was not a “meeting” within the meaning of the Act and, therefore, the Act has no application here. We reject the State’s argument. The plain language of the definitional section of the Act provides that meetings of the sort conducted by the Board are covered by the Act’s provisions. Section 52-4-2 provides that a “meeting” is

the convening of a public body, with a quorum present, ... for the purpose of discussing or acting upon a matter over which the public body has jurisdiction or advisory power_ “Convening” ... means the calling of a meeting of a public body by a person or persons authorized to do so for the express purpose of discussing or acting upon a subject over which that public body has jurisdiction.

Clearly, the meetings of the Board by which it arrived at the decision not to grant a hearing, which, in turn, is a necessary constitutional prerequisite to the grant of commutation, constitutes a “meeting” for the purposes of the Act. The business done there was nothing if not the "discussion] or acting upon a matter over which the [Board] has jurisdiction.”

Having found that the Act applies, we cannot determine from the Board’s order of July 21, 1992, whether the Board has violated the requirements of the Act. According to that order, the Board proceedings to date consisted not of information gathering, but of deliberations over the petition for a new commutation hearing, deliberations that included a review of the full public commutation hearing held in 1989. If this is the case, these proceedings would [793]*793be of a judicial nature and exempt from the provisions of the statute. See Common Cause of Utah v. Utah Public Serv. Comm’n, 598 P.2d 1312, 1315 (Utah 1979).

However, the Board’s order is less than clear as to the information that was considered in reaching the decision to deny a hearing. Petitioner has filed an affidavit averring that the Board, inter alia, has requested from outside sources videotapes of interviews of Andrews and other materials that were not a part of the record in the 1989 commutation hearing. Because of the ambiguity in the order and the conflict created by the affidavit on information and belief, we are unable to determine whether the Open and Public Meetings Act has been violated. We therefore direct the Board to respond to the allegations of petitioner and to inform this court of the materials upon which it relied in deciding not to order a full commutation hearing so that we can dispose of this aspect of the instant petition.

We next turn to Andrews’ constitutional argument. Andrews contends that a statute passed in 1992 created a new and higher substantive standard for obtaining a commutation hearing, a constitutional prerequisite for the grant of commutation. See Utah Const. art. VII, § 12; Utah Code Ann. §§ 77-27-5.5(6) & (7). Andrews contends that this higher standard violates state and federal constitutional prohibitions of ex post facto laws. We agree.

For the Board to apply the substantive standards contained in the 1992 statute, section 77-27-5.5(6) and (7) of the Code, in deciding whether to grant Andrews’ petition for a commutation hearing would diminish the opportunity for commutation available at the time the crime was committed, in violation of article I, section 18 of the Utah Constitution’s ban on ex post fac-to laws. See Utah Const. art. I, § 18; State v. Schreuder, 726 P.2d 1215, 1218 (Utah 1986); State v. Coleman, 540 P.2d 953, 954 (Utah 1975); cf. Dugger v. Williams, 593 So.2d 180, 182 (Fla.1991) (decided under the Florida ex post facto provision). We think the result would be the same under the federal constitution. See Akins v. Snow, 922 F.2d 1558, 1561-65 (11th Cir.), cert. denied sub nom. Snow v. Akins, - U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 2915, 115 L.Ed.2d 1079 (1991); Watson v. Estelle, 859 F.2d 105, 108-09 (9th Cir.1988), vacated on other grounds, 886 F.2d 1093 (9th Cir.1989); Rodriguez v. United States Parole Comm’n, 594 F.2d 170, 174-76 (7th Cir.1979); Williams v. Dugger, 566 So.2d 819, 820-21 (Fla.Ct.App.1990); see also Miller v. Florida, 482 U.S. 423, 433-35, 107 S.Ct. 2446, 2452-53, 96 L.Ed.2d 351 (1987). However, our interpretation of the Utah Constitution is not contingent upon the accuracy of our prediction of federal law. See Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032, 1044, 103 S.Ct. 3469, 3478, 77 L.Ed.2d 1201 (1983).

We cannot determine with certainty from the Board’s orders of July 21, 1992, that the Board actually decided to deny Andrews’ request for a commutation hearing because of the failure to satisfy the requirements of section 77-27-5.5(6) and (7). The language used in one of the orders— “that the Petition and supporting documents fail to raise new and substantial issues” — appears to state the legal standard set by those sections as necessary prerequisites for the grant of a commutation hearing. See

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Bluebook (online)
836 P.2d 790, 192 Utah Adv. Rep. 10, 1992 Utah LEXIS 54, 1992 WL 188363, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/andrews-v-utah-board-of-pardons-utah-1992.