Anderson v. General Motors, LLC

45 F. Supp. 3d 662, 30 Am. Disabilities Cas. (BNA) 986, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 127631, 2014 WL 4494324
CourtDistrict Court, E.D. Michigan
DecidedSeptember 12, 2014
DocketCase No. 12-15384
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 45 F. Supp. 3d 662 (Anderson v. General Motors, LLC) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, E.D. Michigan primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Anderson v. General Motors, LLC, 45 F. Supp. 3d 662, 30 Am. Disabilities Cas. (BNA) 986, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 127631, 2014 WL 4494324 (E.D. Mich. 2014).

Opinion

OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT [17]

■ LAURIE J. MICHELSON, District Judge.

This is an Americans with Disabilities Act case. Plaintiff William Anderson II, an automobile assembler, alleges that his employer, Defendant General Motors (“GM”), discriminated against him on the basis of his wrist and neck injuries by imposing unnecessary work restrictions, denying him reasonable accommodation for those work restrictions, and by failing to engage in an interactive process to develop accommodations for the restrictions. This matter is before the Court on GM’s motion for summary judgment on all of Anderson’s claims.1 (Dkt. 17.) Because GM has not met its initial summary judgment burden on the discrimination claim, but Anderson has not made out a prima facie case of failure- to accommodate, the [665]*665Court GRANTS IN PART and DENIES IN PART Defendant’s motion.

I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

The following facts are undisputed for the purpose of Defendants’ motion unless otherwise indicated.

A. Anderson’s Employment History and Injury

William Anderson has worked for General Motors (“GM”) as an assembler since 2000. (Dkt. 17-1, Anderson Dep., at 25 [hereinafter “Anderson Dep.”].) He started at the Detroit Hamtramck facility; transferred to Pontiac, Michigan in April 2003; transferred to Arlington, Texas in March 2005; and transferred to Toledo, Ohio in March 2012. (Id. at 25-27.)

While at Arlington, Anderson sustained two injuries: in October 2006, he tore a ligament in his right wrist, and in December 2008, he fainted and fell, resulting in “herniated disc[s] at C3 through C5” in his neck. (Id. at 31.) Anderson began seeing Dr. Clinton Battle for this condition in March 2009. (Anderson Dep. Ex. 4, at 3.) His symptoms included “severe neck and shoulder pain and discomfort.” (Id.) Battle diagnosed him with cervical disc disease and cervical radiculopathy. (Id.)

On March 31, 2012, Battle recommended that Anderson not use his left arm due to the neck injury, not lift more than thirty pounds, refrain from repetitive motion of the right wrist, and not push, pull, or lift over ten pounds with the right wrist. (Id. at 46.) Anderson did not inform anyone at the Toledo plant of his restrictions before his arrival. (Id. at 39, 53.) This lawsuit arose from GM’s response to Anderson’s injuries.

B. GM’s Medical Restriction Policy

Relevant to the events at issue in this case is a joint program between General Motors and the United Automobile Workers (“UAW”): Accommodating Disabled People in Transition (“ADAPT”). The goal of the ADAPT program is to help employees with physical restrictions get back to work. At the Toledo plant, during the relevant time period, the program was administered by GM labor relations department employee Pat Gallagher and UAW representative Tim Gorsuch.

GM’s usual policy for medical restrictions is as follows: first, the employee presents to the “[GM] Medical Department with physical limitations from their attending physician”; second, “the Medical Department reviews those”; third, “the [GM] doctor determines which restrictions would be applicable for the employee” and puts those restrictions in writing; fourth, “the employee ... takes their restrictions back to their supervisor who then attempts to place the employee on a job that accommodates their physical limitations.” (Dkt. 17-3, Gallagher Dep. at 12 [hereinafter “Gallagher Dep.”].) If the supervisor is unable to place the employee, the supervisor asks a manager to “try to find a job placement within their manufacturing business team in the broader team.” (Id. at 12.)

If the manager is unable to find a placement, the employee would go back to the Medical Department and “at that point the ADAPT team would be notified, which would be Tim [Gorsuch] and [Pat Gallagher].” (Id. at 12.) Gorsuch and Gallagher would then try to place the employee in some other position within the “manufacturing environment” and failing that, they would “notify the employee that we are placing him on the No Job Available Within Restrictions status.” (Id. at 13.)

Once an employee is placed on No Job Available status, the default is to give the employee a “return to work date” for re[666]*666evaluation three months after the status becomes effective. (Id. at 13.) During those three months, the employee is placed on sick leave and he or she must inform the National Benefit Center of the sick leave status. (Id.) If “anything changes ... they are certainly welcome 'to come back and present any new information” that might change the medical restrictions. (Id.)

C. Anderson’s Transfer to Toledo

In March 2012, Anderson applied to transfer to GM’s Toledo, Ohio manufacturing plant. The Toledo plant manufactures “several varieties of automatic transmissions for the use in General Motors vehicles.” (Gallagher Dep., at 7.) Anderson was due to report on April 14, 2012. (Anderson Dep., at 49.) When Anderson accepted the offer to work in Toledo, he was on sick leave from the Arlington plant because his “arm [injury] was re-aggravated while [he] was still working” in Texas. (Anderson Dep. at 36.) Anderson underr went a “Functional Capacity Evaluation” for worker’s compensation purposes on March 28, 2012. (PL’s Resp. Br. Ex L [Filed under Seal].) The physical therapist concluded that “the patient has met the physical demands of his job at GM” but recommended a medical review. (Id. at 3.) On April 5, 2012, Battle issued a release for Anderson; “Patient can go back to work with restriction on file.” (Anderson Dep. at 46; Anderson Dep. Ex. 7 at 1) Anderson testified that he asked Battle to issue the release because the time off work had allowed his arm to “get better” and he felt that he was ready to work. (Anderson Dep. at 46.)

On the second day of orientation in Toledo, April 15, labor-department representatives pulled Anderson and a few other coworkers aside and told them they were in the system as “on leave.” (Id. at 50.) The representatives asked if the workers had notes from their physicians. (Id. at 50.) Anderson produced Battle’s April 5 note. (Id.) The representatives then allegedly told Anderson that the Toledo plant would not accept people with restrictions, (Id. at 50), though GM disputes that any of their employees made such an assertion. Anderson and the other workers were instructed to leave the premises. (Id.) Kevin Jacobs, a nurse supervisor at GM, testified at his deposition that in fact GM has an internal policy that workers are “not to complete transfers when they’re out on medical. They need to ... be an active employee.” (Dkt. 19-23, Kevin Jacobs Dep., at 48.) Eventually, however, GM decided to clear the “on leave” employees through the Toledo medical department instead of sending them back to their old plants because of the distance between the plants. (Id. at 51.)

This process began when Kevin Jacobs reviewed Anderson’s medical records in an internal records system, MedGate, and documentation from Sedgwick, GM’s benefits administrator. (Id. at 47; Dkt.

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45 F. Supp. 3d 662, 30 Am. Disabilities Cas. (BNA) 986, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 127631, 2014 WL 4494324, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/anderson-v-general-motors-llc-mied-2014.