American Totalisator Co. v. Dubno

555 A.2d 414, 210 Conn. 401, 1989 Conn. LEXIS 63
Supreme Court of Connecticut·Decided March 14, 1989·No. 13408; 13410; 13411; 13412·Published·Cited by 19 cases

Opinion

Callahan, J.

These consolidated appeals and cross appeals were brought to this court from judgments rendered in the Superior Court on appeals brought by the [403] plaintiffs pursuant to General Statutes § 12-4221 from deficiency assessments of use taxes, penalties and interest2 by the defendant commissioner of revenue services (commissioner).3 The trial court upheld the commissioner’s assessment of taxes as to all the plaintiffs but determined that they were not liable for penalties and interest. We find no error.

The essential facts are not in dispute. The plaintiffs American Totalisator Company, Inc. (AmTote), DTP Royalty, Inc. (DTP), and GTECH Corporation (GTECH), at various times contracted with the state of Connecticut acting through the division of special revenue (state) to provide personal property, training, personnel and services to establish systems to enable [404] the state to conduct its lottery, teletrack and off-track betting enterprises.4 In order to accomplish that purpose the plaintiffs, during the years for which deficiencies were assessed, purchased or leased5 computers, computer components, computer terminals, paper stock and other tangible items on which they paid no sales tax. Subsequent to conducting audits, the defendant commissioner assessed use tax deficiencies, penalties and interest against all the plaintiffs, reasoning the various items purchased were not acquired for resale but were retail purchases of equipment and material used by the plaintiffs to discharge their contractual obligations with the state. The plaintiffs disagreed with the commissioner’s assessments and argued that their purchases were not retail sales as defined by General Statutes § 12-407 (3).6 They claimed instead that the personal property involved had been purchased for [405] resale and consequently was not subject to the imposition of a use tax under General Statutes § 12-411.7

[406] I

A conclusion as to whether the personal property in question was acquired by the plaintiffs for their own use in fulfilling their agreements with the state and therefore subject to a use tax or was purchased for resale to the state8 and consequently not subject to the imposition of a use tax requires a determination of the true object of the contracts between the parties. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Tax Commissioner, 176 Conn. 604, 609-10, 410 A.2d 457 (1979); United Aircraft Corporation v. Connelly, 145 Conn. 176, 184-85, 140 A.2d 486 (1958); United Aircraft Corporation v. O’Connor, 141 Conn. 530, 537-38, 107 A.2d 398 (1954); White v. Storer Cable Communications, Inc., 507 So. 2d 964, 968 (Ala. Civ. App. 1987); Culligan Water Conditioning, Etc. v. State Board of Equalization, 17 Cal. 3d 86, 96, 550 P.2d 593, 130 Cal. Rptr. 321 (1976). “The court must look to the intention of the parties to the contract to determine whether the items in a contract are held for resale or were purchased for a different purpose.” White Oak Corporation v. Department of Revenue Services, 198 Conn. 413, 422, 503 A.2d 582 (1986). “That intention is to be ascertained from the language used, interpreted in the light of the situation of the parties and the circumstances surrounding them.” United Aircraft Corporation v. O’Connor, supra, 538.

A careful reading of the contracts in question leads to the inescapable conclusion that the intention of the parties in contracting and the true object of each of the contracts was the furnishing by the plaintiffs, and the retention by the state, of the plaintiffs’ expertise and services to establish, implement and operate the [407] various systems of wagering desired by the state.9 Nowhere in any of the contracts are the words “lease” [408] or “rental” mentioned in relation to personal property and nowhere, other than in certain clauses giving the state the option to purchase various items at set periods, are the words “sale,” “sell,” or “purchase” mentioned in regard to personal property.10 Further, other than in the option clauses, nowhere in any of the contracts is there a price or rental figure established for the purchase or lease of any particular piece of equipment or any commodity. Rather, the contracts stipulate that the plaintiffs are to be compensated by the payment of a fee based on a percentage of the revenues generated by the particular system of wagering with which they are affiliated. See U-Need-A-Roll-Off Corporation v. New York State Tax Commission, 67 N.Y.2d 690, 691, 490 N.E.2d 840, 499 N.Y.S.2d 921 (1986); Greene & Kellogg, Inc. v. Chu, 134 App. Div. 2d 755, 756, 521 N.Y.S.2d 571 (1987).

As might be expected, the involvement of the state in gaming required that it maintain significant control over its operation. The extent of that control is reflected in the contractual provisions for such things as mandated licensing requirements, placement of terminals, [409] and security procedures. The presence of state control, however, does not convert contracts for the establishment and operation of wagering systems into contracts for the sale or lease of the personal property used in operating those systems. White Oak Corporation v. Department of Revenue Services, supra, 423. Nor does the fact that agents or licensees of the state, after training by the plaintiffs, dispensed tickets and collected money alter our view that the true object of the contracts and the primary purpose of the personal property employed was to implement the systems the plaintiffs had contracted to provide, not to effect a resale.11

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American Totalisator Co. v. Dubno, 555 A.2d 414, 210 Conn. 401, 1989 Conn. LEXIS 63 (Colo. 1989).

555 A.2d 414 (American Totalisator Co. v. Dubno) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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