1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9 10 MICHAEL ALLEN, Case No.: 3:20-cv-2188-GPC-BLM CDCR #T-55834, 11 ORDER: Plaintiff, 12 vs. 1) DENYING MOTION TO 13 PROCEED IFP AS
14 BARRED BY 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) ASSOCIATE WARDEN; BYRNA E. [ECF No. 2] 15 FLORANCE; WARDEN; NURSE
MURUKO; SERGEANT GUEVARA; 16 AND C.O. MOZ,
17 Defendants. 2) DISMISSING CIVIL ACTION 18 FOR FAILURE TO PAY FILING FEES REQUIRED BY 19 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a) 20 21 22 Michael Allen (“Plaintiff”), currently incarcerated at the Richard J. Donovan 23 Correctional Facility (“RJD”) located in San Diego, California, and proceeding pro se, has 24 filed a civil rights Complaint (“Compl.”) pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. See Compl., ECF 25 No. 1. 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 I. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g)’s “Three Strikes” Bar 2 A. Standard of Review 3 “All persons, not just prisoners, may seek IFP status.” Moore v. Maricopa County 4 Sheriff’s Office, 657 F.3d 890, 892 (9th Cir. 2011). Prisoners like Plaintiff, however, “face 5 an additional hurdle.” Id. In addition to requiring prisoners to “pay the full amount of a 6 filing fee,” in “monthly installments” or “increments” as provided by 28 U.S.C. 7 § 1915(a)(3)(b), Bruce v. Samuels, 577 U.S. 82, 84, 136 S. Ct. 627, 629 (2016); Williams 8 v. Paramo, 775 F.3d 1182, 1185 (9th Cir. 2015), the Prison Litigation Reform Act 9 (“PLRA”) amended section 1915 to preclude the privilege to proceed IFP: 10 . . . if [a] prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United 11 States that was dismissed on the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails 12 to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury. 13 14 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). “This subdivision is commonly known as the ‘three strikes’ 15 provision.” Andrews v. King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1116 n.1 (9th Cir. 2005). 16 “Pursuant to § 1915(g), a prisoner with three strikes or more cannot proceed IFP.” 17 Id.; see also Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1052 (9th Cir. 2007) (hereafter 18 “Cervantes”) (under the PLRA, “[p]risoners who have repeatedly brought unsuccessful 19 suits may entirely be barred from IFP status under the three-strikes rule[.]”). The objective 20 of the PLRA is to further “the congressional goal of reducing frivolous prisoner litigation 21 in federal court.” Tierney v. Kupers, 128 F.3d 1310, 1312 (9th Cir. 1997). “[S]ection 22 1915(g)’s cap on prior dismissed claims applies to claims dismissed both before and after 23 the statute’s effective date.” Id. at 1311. 24 “Strikes are prior cases or appeals, brought while the plaintiff was a prisoner, which 25 were dismissed on the ground that they were frivolous, malicious, or fail to state a claim,” 26 Andrews, 398 F.3d at 1116 n.1 (internal quotations omitted), “even if the district court 27 styles such dismissal as a denial of the prisoner’s application to file the action without 28 prepayment of the full filing fee.” O’Neal v. Price, 531 F.3d 1146, 1153 (9th Cir. 2008); 1 see also El-Shaddai v. Zamora, 833 F.3d 1036, 1042 (9th Cir. 2016) (noting that when 2 court “review[s] a dismissal to determine whether it counts as a strike, the style of the 3 dismissal or the procedural posture is immaterial. Instead, the central question is whether 4 the dismissal ‘rang the PLRA bells of frivolous, malicious, or failure to state a claim.’”) 5 (quoting Blakely v. Wards, 738 F.3d 607, 615 (4th Cir. 2013)). 6 Once a prisoner has accumulated three strikes, he is prohibited by section 1915(g) 7 from pursuing any other IFP civil action or appeal in federal court unless he alleges he is 8 facing “imminent danger of serious physical injury.” See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); Cervantes, 9 493 F.3d at 1051-52 (noting § 1915(g)’s exception for IFP complaints which “make[] a 10 plausible allegation that the prisoner faced ‘imminent danger of serious physical injury’ at 11 the time of filing.”). 12 B. Discussion 13 The Court has reviewed Plaintiff’s Complaint and finds it does not contain any 14 “plausible allegations” which suggest he “faced ‘imminent danger of serious physical 15 injury’ at the time of filing.” Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1055 (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g)). 16 Instead, Plaintiff claims that he was subjected to medical malpractice at Alvarado Hospital 17 and they discharged him prematurely. (See Compl. at 3, 8.) However, he admits he is 18 currently housed at RJD and there are no allegations that he is not currently being treated 19 for his medical issues. His Complaint revolves only around what happened sometime in 20 “early October” when he was admitted to Alvarado Hospital. (Id. at 8.) But § 1915(g)’s 21 “imminent danger” exception cannot be triggered solely by complaints of past harm. See 22 Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1053 (“The exception’s use of the present tense, combined with its 23 concern only with the initial act of ‘bring[ing]’ the lawsuit, indicates to us that the exception 24 applies if the danger existed at the time the prisoner filed the complaint.”). Nor may it be 25 based on “overly speculative,” “fanciful,” or “conclusory assertions.” Cervantes, 493 F.3d 26 at 1057 n.11; see also Parker v. Montgomery Cty. Corr. Facility/Bus. Office Manager, 870 27 F.3d 144, 154 n.12 (3d Cir. 2017) (“Although prison can undoubtedly be a dangerous place, 28 incarceration alone does not satisfy the requirement of “imminent danger of serious 1 physical injury” for purposes of § 1915(g). Indeed, if it did, every prisoner would be 2 entitled to IFP status and the exception would swallow the rule.”) (citation omitted)). 3 Defendants typically carry the initial burden to produce evidence demonstrating a 4 prisoner is not entitled to proceed IFP, Andrews, 398 F.3d at 1119, but “in some instances, 5 the district court docket records may be sufficient to show that a prior dismissal satisfies at 6 least one of the criteria under § 1915(g) and therefore counts as a strike.” Id. at 1120. That 7 is the case here.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9 10 MICHAEL ALLEN, Case No.: 3:20-cv-2188-GPC-BLM CDCR #T-55834, 11 ORDER: Plaintiff, 12 vs. 1) DENYING MOTION TO 13 PROCEED IFP AS
14 BARRED BY 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) ASSOCIATE WARDEN; BYRNA E. [ECF No. 2] 15 FLORANCE; WARDEN; NURSE
MURUKO; SERGEANT GUEVARA; 16 AND C.O. MOZ,
17 Defendants. 2) DISMISSING CIVIL ACTION 18 FOR FAILURE TO PAY FILING FEES REQUIRED BY 19 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a) 20 21 22 Michael Allen (“Plaintiff”), currently incarcerated at the Richard J. Donovan 23 Correctional Facility (“RJD”) located in San Diego, California, and proceeding pro se, has 24 filed a civil rights Complaint (“Compl.”) pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. See Compl., ECF 25 No. 1. 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 I. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g)’s “Three Strikes” Bar 2 A. Standard of Review 3 “All persons, not just prisoners, may seek IFP status.” Moore v. Maricopa County 4 Sheriff’s Office, 657 F.3d 890, 892 (9th Cir. 2011). Prisoners like Plaintiff, however, “face 5 an additional hurdle.” Id. In addition to requiring prisoners to “pay the full amount of a 6 filing fee,” in “monthly installments” or “increments” as provided by 28 U.S.C. 7 § 1915(a)(3)(b), Bruce v. Samuels, 577 U.S. 82, 84, 136 S. Ct. 627, 629 (2016); Williams 8 v. Paramo, 775 F.3d 1182, 1185 (9th Cir. 2015), the Prison Litigation Reform Act 9 (“PLRA”) amended section 1915 to preclude the privilege to proceed IFP: 10 . . . if [a] prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United 11 States that was dismissed on the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails 12 to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury. 13 14 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). “This subdivision is commonly known as the ‘three strikes’ 15 provision.” Andrews v. King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1116 n.1 (9th Cir. 2005). 16 “Pursuant to § 1915(g), a prisoner with three strikes or more cannot proceed IFP.” 17 Id.; see also Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1052 (9th Cir. 2007) (hereafter 18 “Cervantes”) (under the PLRA, “[p]risoners who have repeatedly brought unsuccessful 19 suits may entirely be barred from IFP status under the three-strikes rule[.]”). The objective 20 of the PLRA is to further “the congressional goal of reducing frivolous prisoner litigation 21 in federal court.” Tierney v. Kupers, 128 F.3d 1310, 1312 (9th Cir. 1997). “[S]ection 22 1915(g)’s cap on prior dismissed claims applies to claims dismissed both before and after 23 the statute’s effective date.” Id. at 1311. 24 “Strikes are prior cases or appeals, brought while the plaintiff was a prisoner, which 25 were dismissed on the ground that they were frivolous, malicious, or fail to state a claim,” 26 Andrews, 398 F.3d at 1116 n.1 (internal quotations omitted), “even if the district court 27 styles such dismissal as a denial of the prisoner’s application to file the action without 28 prepayment of the full filing fee.” O’Neal v. Price, 531 F.3d 1146, 1153 (9th Cir. 2008); 1 see also El-Shaddai v. Zamora, 833 F.3d 1036, 1042 (9th Cir. 2016) (noting that when 2 court “review[s] a dismissal to determine whether it counts as a strike, the style of the 3 dismissal or the procedural posture is immaterial. Instead, the central question is whether 4 the dismissal ‘rang the PLRA bells of frivolous, malicious, or failure to state a claim.’”) 5 (quoting Blakely v. Wards, 738 F.3d 607, 615 (4th Cir. 2013)). 6 Once a prisoner has accumulated three strikes, he is prohibited by section 1915(g) 7 from pursuing any other IFP civil action or appeal in federal court unless he alleges he is 8 facing “imminent danger of serious physical injury.” See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); Cervantes, 9 493 F.3d at 1051-52 (noting § 1915(g)’s exception for IFP complaints which “make[] a 10 plausible allegation that the prisoner faced ‘imminent danger of serious physical injury’ at 11 the time of filing.”). 12 B. Discussion 13 The Court has reviewed Plaintiff’s Complaint and finds it does not contain any 14 “plausible allegations” which suggest he “faced ‘imminent danger of serious physical 15 injury’ at the time of filing.” Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1055 (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g)). 16 Instead, Plaintiff claims that he was subjected to medical malpractice at Alvarado Hospital 17 and they discharged him prematurely. (See Compl. at 3, 8.) However, he admits he is 18 currently housed at RJD and there are no allegations that he is not currently being treated 19 for his medical issues. His Complaint revolves only around what happened sometime in 20 “early October” when he was admitted to Alvarado Hospital. (Id. at 8.) But § 1915(g)’s 21 “imminent danger” exception cannot be triggered solely by complaints of past harm. See 22 Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1053 (“The exception’s use of the present tense, combined with its 23 concern only with the initial act of ‘bring[ing]’ the lawsuit, indicates to us that the exception 24 applies if the danger existed at the time the prisoner filed the complaint.”). Nor may it be 25 based on “overly speculative,” “fanciful,” or “conclusory assertions.” Cervantes, 493 F.3d 26 at 1057 n.11; see also Parker v. Montgomery Cty. Corr. Facility/Bus. Office Manager, 870 27 F.3d 144, 154 n.12 (3d Cir. 2017) (“Although prison can undoubtedly be a dangerous place, 28 incarceration alone does not satisfy the requirement of “imminent danger of serious 1 physical injury” for purposes of § 1915(g). Indeed, if it did, every prisoner would be 2 entitled to IFP status and the exception would swallow the rule.”) (citation omitted)). 3 Defendants typically carry the initial burden to produce evidence demonstrating a 4 prisoner is not entitled to proceed IFP, Andrews, 398 F.3d at 1119, but “in some instances, 5 the district court docket records may be sufficient to show that a prior dismissal satisfies at 6 least one of the criteria under § 1915(g) and therefore counts as a strike.” Id. at 1120. That 7 is the case here. 8 Based on a review of its own dockets and other court proceedings available on 9 PACER,1 the Court finds that Plaintiff Michael Allen also known as Michael Dewayne 10 Allen, and identified as CDCR Inmate #T-55834, has had three prior prisoner civil actions 11 dismissed on the grounds that they were frivolous, malicious, or failed to state a claim upon 12 which relief may be granted. 13 They are: 14 1) Allen v. Social Security Administration, Civil Case No. 2:11-cv-04253 UA E (C.D. Cal. June 22, 2011) (Order Denying Filing of Complaint without 15 prepayment of full filing fee finding Complaint was frivolous, malicious, or 16 failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted) (ECF No. 2) (strike one); 17
18 2) Allen v. CSP – Los Angeles Count, et al., Civil Case No. 2:12-cv-08338 19 DMG E (C.D. Cal. Dec. 12, 2012) (Order Dismissing Complaint for failing to 20 state a claim) (ECF No. 7); (C.D. Cal. May 1, 2013) (Order Dismissing Action for failing to file amended pleading) (ECF No. 12) (strike two); 21
24 25 1 The Court may take judicial notice of its own records, see Molus v. Swan, Civil Case No. 3:05-cv- 00452–MMA-WMc, 2009 WL 160937, *2 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 22, 2009) (citing United States v. Author 26 Services, 804 F.2d 1520, 1523 (9th Cir. 1986)); Gerritsen v. Warner Bros. Entm’t Inc., 112 F. Supp. 3d 1011, 1034 (C.D. Cal. 2015), and “‘notice of proceedings in other courts, both within and without the 27 federal judicial system, if those proceedings have a direct relation to matters at issue.’” Bias v. Moynihan, 508 F.3d 1212, 1225 (9th Cir. 2007) (quoting Bennett v. Medtronic, Inc., 285 F.3d 801, 803 n.2 (9th Cir. 28 1 3) Allen v. Masemeno, et al., Civil Case No. 2:12-cv-09981-DMG-E 7 (C.D. Cal. Nov. 26, 2013) (Order Dismissing First Amended Complaint for failing to state a claim) (ECF No. 15) (Feb. 20, 2014) (Order Dismissing 3 Action for failing to file amended pleading) (ECF No. 19) (strike three) 4 5 Therefore, because Plaintiff has, while incarcerated, accumulated three “strikes” 6 pursuant to § 1915(g), and he fails to make a plausible allegation that he faced imminent 4 danger of serious physical injury at the time he filed his Complaint, he is not entitled to the g privilege of proceeding IFP in this action. See Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1055; Rodriguez v. 9 Cook, 169 F.3d 1176, 1180 (9th Cir. 1999) (finding that 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) “does not 10 prevent all prisoners from accessing the courts; it only precludes prisoners with a history of abusing the legal system from continuing to abuse it while enjoying IFP status”); see 12 also Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1231 (9th Cir. 1984) (“[C]ourt permission to 13 proceed [IFP] is itself a matter of privilege and not right.”). 14 II. Conclusion and Orders 15 For the reasons discussed, the Court: 16 1) DENIES Plaintiff's Motion to Proceed IFP (ECF No. 3) as barred by 28 7 U.S.C. § 1915(g); 18 2) DISMISSES this civil action without prejudice for failure to pay the full 19 statutory and administrative $400 civil filing fee required by 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a); 20 3) CERTIFIES that an IFP appeal from this Order would be frivolous and 71 therefore, would not be taken in good faith pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3); and 4) DIRECTS the Clerk of Court to enter a final judgment and close the file. 3 IT IS SO ORDERED. Dated: November 23, 2020 2 25 Hon. athe Ce United States District Judge 27 28 5