Alfaro v. Dow Chemical

751 S.W.2d 208, 1988 Tex. App. LEXIS 637, 1988 WL 23943
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedMarch 24, 1988
Docket01-87-00700-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by15 cases

This text of 751 S.W.2d 208 (Alfaro v. Dow Chemical) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Alfaro v. Dow Chemical, 751 S.W.2d 208, 1988 Tex. App. LEXIS 637, 1988 WL 23943 (Tex. Ct. App. 1988).

Opinions

OPINION

WARREN, Justice.

This is an appeal from the trial court’s “forum non conveniens” dismissal of appellants’ suit.

Appellants are all Costa Rican residents. Appellee Dow Chemical (“Dow”) is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business located in Midland, Michigan. Ap-pellee Shell Oil Company (“Shell”) is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business located in Houston, Texas. Both Dow and Shell are authorized to do business in Texas.

Appellants’ suits claim that while working for Standard Fruit on a banana plantation in Costa Rica, they were required to handle DBCP, a pesticide manufactured and furnished to Standard Fruit by Dow and Shell; that their handling of the DBCP caused them physical and mental damages, including irreversible sterility; and that ap-pellees were liable for damages under the theories of products liability, strict liability, and breach of warranty.

Appellees contested the jurisdiction of the Texas trial court and, alternatively, contended that the cause should be dismissed under the forum non conveniens doctrine.

The trial court found that it had jurisdiction under Tex.Civ.Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 71.031 (Vernon 1986), but dismissed the cause for forum non conveniens.

In a single point of error, appellants claim that forum non conveniens dismissal is precluded by § 71.031, which provides:

Act or Omission Out of State
(a) An action for damages for the death or personal injury of a citizen of this [209]*209state, of the United States, or of a foreign county may be enforced in the courts of this state, although the wrongful act, neglect, or default causing the death or injury takes place in a foreign state or country, if:
(1) a law of the foreign state or country or of this state gives a right to maintain an action for damages for the death or injury;
(2) the action is begun in this state within the time provided by the laws of this state for beginning the action; and
(3) in the case of a citizen of a foreign country, the country has equal treaty rights with the United States on behalf of its citizens.
(b) All matters pertaining to procedure in the prosecution or maintenance of the action in the courts of this state are governed by the law of this state.
(c) The court shall apply the rules of substantive law that are appropriate under the facts of the case.
In four cross-points of error, Shell claims:
(1) that the court erred in finding that it had jurisdiction over the case;
(2) that the court erred in holding that plaintiffs had established a prima facie cause of action against Shell; and
(3) that the evidence was legally and factually insufficient to show that plaintiffs had complied with the requirements of § 71.031.

We must first determine whether the trial court had jurisdiction, because forum non conveniens does not apply unless there is jurisdiction. Cole v. Lee, 435 S.W.2d 283 (Tex.Civ.App.—Dallas 1968, writ dism’d).

Shell and Dow are both foreign corporations licensed to do business in Texas. As such, they are not residents. H. Rouw Co. v. Railway Express Agency, 154 S.W.2d 143 (Tex.Civ.App.—El Paso 1941, writ refd).

All plaintiffs are citizens of Costa Rica, and the events giving rise to their cause of action all occurred in Costa Rica.

Although there is little Texas nexus in our case, § 71.031 gives appellants the right to sue in Texas if: (1) Costa Rica affords appellants a like action; (2) the action is brought in Texas within the time provided by our laws; and (3) Costa Rica has equal treaty rights with the United States on behalf of its citizens.

There is little dispute among the parties as to (1) and (3) above, but whether the suit was brought within the Texas limitations period is fiercely contested.

Both Shell and Dow admit selling DBCP to Standard Fruit in Costa Rica, but Shell claims that it made its last delivery in 1970, and Dow claims that it made its last delivery in 1978. Appellants filed suit in 1984.

Tex.Civ.Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 16.003 (Vernon 1986) (formerly art. 5526), requires that suits based upon negligence or strict liability must be brought not later than two years after the cause of action accrues.

Tex.Bus. & Com.Code Ann. § 2.725 (Vernon 1968) provides that an action for breach of warranty must be brought within four years after the action accrues. A cause of action in tort arises when the injury and its cause are discovered. Robinson v. Weaver, 550 S.W.2d 19 (Tex.1977); Corder v. A.H. Robins Co., 692 S.W.2d 194 (Tex.App.—Eastland 1985, no writ).

A cause of action for breach of warranty accrues on the date of tender of delivery of the product. Garcia v. Texas Instruments, Inc., 610 S.W.2d 456 (Tex.1980).

Appellees claim that appellants failed to file suit within the Texas statute of limitations, and therefore did not meet the requirement of subsection (a)(2) of § 71.031. Appellants dispute this claim.

Each party submitted controverting affidavits and discovery in support of its position on the limitations issue. It is apparent that there were numerous fact questions raised by both sides. However, the right to a trial by jury does not attach to a preliminary determination of jurisdiction. Bearden v. Texas Co., 41 S.W.2d 447, 458 (Ct.Civ.App.1931), aff'd, 60 S.W.2d 1031 (Tex.Comm’n.App.1933). Therefore, the trial judge was authorized to make a preliminary decision on the existence of jurisdiction over the subject matter of this suit.

[210]*210We must assume that appellants’ allegations concerning their cause of action are true, absent an assertion by the appellees that they are not made in good faith and are made solely to confer jurisdiction. Brannon v. Pacific Employers Ins. Co., 148 Tex. 289, 294, 224 S.W.2d 466, 469 (1949). Based on appellants’ allegations in the record before this Court, the trial court did not err in finding that it had jurisdiction to hear the case.

Appellees’ cross-points are overruled.

Appellants’ point of error raises the question of whether § 71.031, which creates jurisdiction for personal injury and wrongful death claims arising outside the State, precludes a trial court from invoking the common-law doctrine of “forum non conveniens” in an appropriate situation.

The pertinent language of subsection (a) provides that, “An action may be enforced in the courts of this state....”

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Alfaro v. Dow Chemical
751 S.W.2d 208 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1988)

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Bluebook (online)
751 S.W.2d 208, 1988 Tex. App. LEXIS 637, 1988 WL 23943, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/alfaro-v-dow-chemical-texapp-1988.