Aetna Insurance v. United States

456 F.2d 773, 197 Ct. Cl. 713, 29 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 811, 1972 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1
CourtUnited States Court of Claims
DecidedMarch 17, 1972
DocketNo. 371-70
StatusPublished
Cited by20 cases

This text of 456 F.2d 773 (Aetna Insurance v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Aetna Insurance v. United States, 456 F.2d 773, 197 Ct. Cl. 713, 29 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 811, 1972 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1 (cc 1972).

Opinion

Cowen, Chief Judge,

delivered the opinion of the court:

By the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment, we are called upon to decide again whether the right of the [715]*715United States to set off the unpaid contract balance against taxes owed it by a Government contractor is superior to a claim to the same contract retainage by a Miller Act1 surety under its payment bond.

The material facts are not in dispute. Allied Electrical Company, Inc., hereinafter Allied, entered into a contract dated February 11,1965, with the General Services Administration to provide certain electrical work at Howard University, Washington, D.C. Plaintiff Aetna Insurance Company was the surety upon the performance and payment bonds provided by Allied pursuant to Miller Act provisions.

The date of substantial completion under the contract was established by the contracting officer as October 4, 1966, but this date was extended by extensions of time to January 16, 1967. On October 10,1967, a major supplier left unpaid by Allied obtained a default judgment against the contractor in the amount of $18,525.39. On April 19, 1968, the Internal Eevenue Service served a notice of levy upon the General Services Administration for taxes, penalties, and interest owed to the United States by Allied in an amount finally determined to be $14,130.07. Thereafter, plaintiff paid the default judgment, taking an assignment of the supplier’s claim against Allied,2 and requested the General Services Administration to pay over the remaining balance under its contract with Allied.3 Plaintiff was advised, however, that the matter was being referred to the General Accounting Office for settlement because of the outstanding notice of levy. The General Accounting Office denied plaintiff’s claim, setting off the remaining contract balance against the unpaid tax liability. Plaintiff requested reconsideration, and the Comptroller General affirmed the setoff by letter dated July 16,1970.

It should be noted at the outset that plaintiff does not ask [716]*716us to overrule our decision in Barrett v. United States, 177 Ct. Cl. 380, 367 F. 2d 834 (1966). The dispute over contract retainages in Barrett was between a Miller Act payment bond surety, which had paid the claims of laborers and material-men against their contractor, and the United States, which had set off against the retainages an amount for tax deficiencies assessed against the contractor. We held that the surety’s claim was subordinate and inferior to the right of the United States to set off the amount of taxes owed to it by the contractor. The touchstone in Barrett was the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Munsey Trust Co., 332 U.S. 234 (1947), which permitted the Government to set off an amount owed to it by its contractor against retainages claimed by the Miller Act surety under its payment bond. In the course of that opinion, however, the Court suggested a different outcome where the surety completed the Government’s contract pursuant to a performance bond.

Later cases, relying on Mwisey Trust, have held that a Miller Act surety who completes the contract on default of the contractor is entitled to the contract retainages in the hands of the Government, free from setoff for taxes owed by the contractor. However, each of these decisions reaffirmed the Mimsey rule in situations where the Government’s right of setoff is challenged by the surety under its payment bond. See Security Insurance Co. v. United States, 192 Ct. Cl. 754, 428 F. 2d 838 (1970) ; Trinity Universal Insurance Co. v. United States, 382 F. 2d 317 (5th Cir.1967), cert. denied, 390 U.S. 906 (1968) ; Aetna Casualty and Surety Co. v. United States, 435 F. 2d 1082 (5th Cir. 1970).

It is plaintiff’s principal contention here that the distinction made in these cases between the priority rights of a performance bond surety and those of a payment bond surety is no longer valid in light of the enactment into 'law of the Federal Tax Lien Act of 1966.4 Plaintiff says that the lan[717]*717guage of section 6323 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954,5 as amended by the Federal Tax Lien Act of 1966, gives sureties upon both payment and performance bonds, without distinction, priority over a federal tax lien.6 Section 6323(a) gives a holder of a security interest priority over the tax lien, while section 6323(h) (1) broadly defines a security interest to mean “any interest in property acquired by contract for the purpose of securing payment or performance of an [718]*718obligation or indemnifying 'against loss or liability.” More specifically, section 6323(c) (1) provides that security interests in qualified property arising from obligatory disbursement agreements, entered into before the tax lien is filed, are protected against the lien even though funds are advanced under the agreement after the filing of the tax lien. Where the obligatory disbursement agreement is a surety contract ensuring the performance of a contract between the taxpayer and another person, section 6323(c) (4) (C) (i) provides that the term qualified property includes “the proceeds of the contract the performance of which was ensured.”

Belying heavily on the above-cited provisions of the statute, plaintiff argues that the Mwnsey Trust rule has been rendered inoperative by the enactment of the Federal Tax Lien Act of 1966 and that the application of the Mwnsey rule in this case would defeat the broad remedial purpose Congress had in mind when the law was passed.

Defendant agrees that the Federal Tax Lien Act of 1966 did indeed change the prior law with respect to the priority of the federal tax lien over other specified security interests. However, defendant maintains that the Act was concerned only with the priority to be accorded the federal tax lien and was not intended to and did not affect the ruling in the Mwnsey Trust case with respect to the Government’s right of setoff.

We agree with defendant. The fundamental difficulty with plaintiff’s argument is that the plain words of amended section 6323 grant priority only in terms of the lien imposed by section 6321. The statute does not purport to cover the situation at hand where the United States seeks to set off against taxes owed to it by its contractor funds remaining unpaid under the contract.

Plaintiff asserts that a resort to the legislative history of the Federal Tax Lien Act of 1966 is neither necessary nor proper to a decision in this case, and that the plain terms of the Act should persuade us to render judgment in its favor. As an alternative argument, however, plaintiff maintains that, while the statute may speak only of tax liens, it was the congressional policy, as shown by the legislative history sur[719]*719rounding the passage of the law, to grant a payment bond surety priority over the Government’s right of setoff in the factual circumstances involved in this case. We have examined the legislative history relied on by plaintiff, and can find no support therein for its position.

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456 F.2d 773, 197 Ct. Cl. 713, 29 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 811, 1972 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 1, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/aetna-insurance-v-united-states-cc-1972.