(a)Unanimous consent.--Unless otherwise restricted in the bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the shareholders or of a class of shareholders of a business corporation may be taken without a meeting if a consent or consents to the action in record form are signed, before, on or after the effective time of the action by all of the shareholders who would be entitled to vote at a meeting for such purpose. The consent or consents must be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the shareholders.
(b)Partial consent.--If the bylaws so provide, any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the shareholders or of a class of shareholders may be taken without a meeting upon the signed consent or consents of shareholders who would have been entitl
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
(a) Unanimous consent.--Unless otherwise restricted in the bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the shareholders or of a class of shareholders of a business corporation may be taken without a meeting if a consent or consents to the action in record form are signed, before, on or after the effective time of the action by all of the shareholders who would be entitled to vote at a meeting for such purpose. The consent or consents must be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the shareholders.
(b) Partial consent.--If the bylaws so provide, any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the shareholders or of a class of shareholders may be taken without a meeting upon the signed consent or consents of shareholders who would have been entitled to cast the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize the action at a meeting at which all shareholders entitled to vote thereon were present and voting. The consent or consents must be filed in record form with the minutes of the proceedings of the shareholders.
(c) Effectiveness of action by partial consent.--An action taken pursuant to subsection (b) to approve a transaction under Chapter 3 (relating to entity transactions) shall not become effective until after at least ten days' notice of the action has been given to each shareholder entitled to vote thereon who has not consented thereto. Any other action may become effective immediately, but prompt notice that the action has been taken shall be given to each shareholder entitled to vote thereon that has not consented. Notice under this subsection must include the information that a notice of a meeting of shareholders seeking approval of the action would have been required to contain. This subsection may not be relaxed by any provision of the articles.
(d) Escrowing of consents.--A consent may provide, or a person signing a consent, whether or not then a shareholder, may instruct in record form, that the consent will be effective at a future time, including a time determined upon the happening of an event. In the case of a consent signed by a person not a shareholder at the time of signing, the consent is effective at the stated effective time if the person who signed the consent is a shareholder at the effective time and did not revoke the consent in record form prior to the effective time. A consent is effective at the stated effective time, even if one or more signers are no longer shareholders at the effective time if consents by shareholders entitled to cast the required number of votes have not been revoked before the effective time.
(e) Revocation of consent.--Unless otherwise provided in a consent, a signer of the consent may revoke the signer's consent in record form until it becomes effective.
(f) Cross references.--See sections 1702 (relating to manner of giving notice) and 2524 (relating to consent of shareholders in lieu of meeting).
(Dec. 19, 1990, P.L.834, No.198, eff. imd.; Dec. 18, 1992, P.L.1333, No.169, eff. 60 days; June 22, 2001, P.L.418, No.34, eff. 60 days; July 9, 2013, P.L.476, No.67, eff. 60 days; Oct. 22, 2014, P.L.2640, No.172, eff. July 1, 2015; Nov. 3, 2022, P.L.1791, No.122, eff. 60 days) Cross References.Section 1766 is referred to in section 1504 of this title.