§ 1708 — Use of conference telephone or other electronic technology

(a) Incorporators and directors.--Except as otherwise provided in the bylaws, one or more persons may participate in a meeting of the incorporators or the board of directors of a business corporation by means of conference telephone or other electronic technology by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in a meeting pursuant to this subsection shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

(b) Shareholders.--Except as otherwise provided in the bylaws, the presence or participation, including voting and taking other action, by a shareholder at a meeting of shareholders by conference telephone or other electronic technology constitutes the presence or participation, including voting and taking other action, by the shareholder for the purposes of this subpart.

(c) Exclusive use of electronic technology.--Unless the bylaws provide expressly that a meeting of shareholders may not be held solely by means of electronic technology, a meeting of the shareholders does not need to be held at a geographic location if the meeting is held by means of electronic technology in a fashion pursuant to which the shareholders have a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting, read or hear the proceedings substantially concurrently with their occurrence, vote on matters submitted to the shareholders and, subject to such guidelines and procedures as the board of directors may adopt, make appropriate motions and comment on the business of the meeting. Any guidelines or procedures adopted by the board must comply with sections 1709(c) (relating to conduct of shareholders meeting) and 1758(e) (relating to voting rights of shareholders).

Legislative History

(Dec. 19, 1990, P.L.834, No.198, eff. imd.; June 22, 2001, P.L.418, No.34, eff. 60 days; Nov. 3, 2022, P.L.1791, No.122, eff. 60 days) Cross References.Section 1708 is referred to in sections 1704, 1758, 2522 of this title.