Pennsylvania § 1759 Voting and other action by proxy

Pennsylvania Statutes

§ 1759 — Voting and other action by proxy

Pennsylvania § 1759

JurisdictionPennsylvania

Title 15CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS

PartPART II

Ch. 17OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS

Subch.SHAREHOLDERS

This text of Pennsylvania § 1759 (Voting and other action by proxy) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

15 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1759 (2026).

Text

(a)General rule.--

(1)Every shareholder entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action without a meeting may authorize another person to act for him by proxy.

(2)The vote or other action on behalf of a shareholder at a meeting of shareholders, or the expression of consent or dissent to corporate action, by a proxy of a shareholder shall constitute the vote or action by, or consent or dissent of the shareholder for the purposes of this subpart.

(3)Where two or more proxies of a shareholder are present, the corporation shall, unless otherwise expressly provided in the proxy, accept as the vote or other action of all shares represented thereby the vote cast or other action taken by a majority of them and, if a majority of the proxies

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(a) General rule.--

(1) Every shareholder entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action without a meeting may authorize another person to act for him by proxy.

(2) The vote or other action on behalf of a shareholder at a meeting of shareholders, or the expression of consent or dissent to corporate action, by a proxy of a shareholder shall constitute the vote or action by, or consent or dissent of the shareholder for the purposes of this subpart.

(3) Where two or more proxies of a shareholder are present, the corporation shall, unless otherwise expressly provided in the proxy, accept as the vote or other action of all shares represented thereby the vote cast or other action taken by a majority of them and, if a majority of the proxies cannot agree whether the shares represented shall be voted or upon the manner of voting the shares or taking the other action, the voting of the shares or right to take other action shall be divided equally among those persons.

(b) Execution and filing.--Every proxy shall be executed or authenticated by the shareholder or by his duly authorized attorney-in-fact and filed with or transmitted to the secretary of the corporation or its designated agent. A shareholder or his duly authorized attorney-in-fact may execute or authenticate a writing or transmit an electronic message authorizing another person to act for him by proxy. A telegram, telex, cablegram, datagram, e-mail, Internet communication or other means of electronic transmission from a shareholder or attorney-in-fact, or a photographic, facsimile or similar reproduction of a writing executed by a shareholder or attorney-in-fact:

(1) may be treated as properly executed or authenticated for purposes of this subsection; and

(2) shall be so treated if it sets forth or utilizes a confidential and unique identification number or other mark furnished by the corporation to the shareholder for the purposes of a particular meeting or transaction.

(c) Revocation.--A proxy, unless coupled with an interest, shall be revocable at will, notwithstanding any other agreement or any provision in the proxy to the contrary, but the revocation of a proxy shall not be effective until notice thereof has been given to the secretary of the corporation or its designated agent in writing or by electronic transmission. An unrevoked proxy shall not be valid after three years from the date of its signature, authentication or transmission unless a longer time is expressly provided therein. A proxy shall not be revoked by the death or incapacity of the maker unless, before the vote is counted or the authority is exercised, notice in record form of the death or incapacity is given to the secretary of the corporation or its designated agent.

(d) Proxy coupled with an interest.--As used in this section, the term "proxy coupled with an interest" includes:

(1) a vote pooling or similar arrangement among shareholders;

(2) an agreement permitted by section 1768(b) (relating to other agreements); and

(3) an unrevoked proxy in favor of an existing or potential creditor of a shareholder.

A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the share itself or an interest in the corporation generally.

(e) Cross references.--See sections 1702 (relating to manner of giving notice) and 3135 (relating to proxies of members of mutual insurance companies).

Legislative History

(Dec. 19, 1990, P.L.834, No.198, eff. imd.; June 22, 2001, P.L.418, No.34, eff. 60 days; July 9, 2013, P.L.476, No.67, eff. 60 days) 2013Amendment.Act 67 amended subsecs. (a), (c) and (e). 2001 Amendment.Act 34 amended subsecs. (b) and (c). 1990 Amendment.Act 198 amended subsec. (b), relettered part of subsec. (b) to subsec. (c), relettered former subsec. (c) to subsec. (d) and added subsec. (e).