Pennsylvania § 2A214 Exclusion or modification of warranties

Pennsylvania Statutes

§ 2A214 — Exclusion or modification of warranties

Pennsylvania § 2A214

Title 13COMMERCIAL CODE

Ch. 2A2FORMATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF LEASE CONTRACT

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Bluebook

13 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 2A214 (2026).

Text

(a)Construction of words or conduct creating or limiting warranties.--Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or conduct tending to negate or limit a warranty must be construed wherever reasonable as consistent with each other; but, subject to the provisions of section 2A202 (relating to final expression: parol or extrinsic evidence), negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that the construction is unreasonable.

(b)Implied warranties of merchantability and fitness; specific language.--Subject to subsection (c), to exclude or modify the implied warranty of merchantability or any part of it, the language must mention "merchantability," be by a writing and be conspicuous. Subject to subsection (c), to exclude or modify any implied warranty of

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(a) Construction of words or conduct creating or limiting warranties.--Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or conduct tending to negate or limit a warranty must be construed wherever reasonable as consistent with each other; but, subject to the provisions of section 2A202 (relating to final expression: parol or extrinsic evidence), negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that the construction is unreasonable.

(b) Implied warranties of merchantability and fitness; specific language.--Subject to subsection (c), to exclude or modify the implied warranty of merchantability or any part of it, the language must mention "merchantability," be by a writing and be conspicuous. Subject to subsection (c), to exclude or modify any implied warranty of fitness, the exclusion must be by a writing and be conspicuous. Language to exclude all implied warranties of fitness is sufficient if it is in writing, is conspicuous and states, for example, "There is no warranty that the goods will be fit for a particular purpose."

(c) Implied warranties of merchantability and fitness; alternative methods.--Notwithstanding subsection (b), but subject to subsection (d):

(1) unless the circumstances indicate otherwise, all implied warranties are excluded by expressions like "as is" or "with all faults" or by other language that in common understanding calls the lessee's attention to the exclusion of warranties and makes plain that there is no implied warranty, if in writing and conspicuous;

(2) if the lessee before entering into the lease contract has examined the goods or the sample or model as fully as desired or has refused to examine the goods, there is no implied warranty with regard to defects that an examination ought in the circumstances to have revealed; and

(3) an implied warranty may also be excluded or modified by course of dealing, course of performance or usage of trade.

(d) Warranties against interference and infringement.--To exclude or modify a warranty against interference or against infringement (section 2A211) or any part of it, the language must be specific, be by a writing and be conspicuous, unless the circumstances, including course of performance, course of dealing, or usage of trade, give the lessee reason to know that the goods are being leased subject to a claim or interest of any person.

Legislative History

(July 1, 2024, P.L.450, No.41, eff. 60 days) 2024 Amendment.Act 41 amended subsec. (a). See section 1 of Act 41 in the appendix to this title for special provisions relating to findings and declarations.