§12-105. Control of controllable electronic record
(a)General rule: control of controllable electronic record. A person has control of
a controllable electronic record if the electronic record, a record attached to or logically
associated with the electronic record, or a system in which the electronic record is recorded:
(1)gives the person:
(A)power to avail itself of substantially all the benefit from the electronic record;
and
(B)exclusive power, subject to Subsection (b) of this Section, to:
(i)prevent others from availing themselves of substantially all the benefit from the
electronic record; and
(ii)transfer control of the electronic record to another person or cause another person
to obtain control of another controllable electronic record as a result of the transfer of the
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§12-105. Control of controllable electronic record
(a) General rule: control of controllable electronic record. A person has control of
a controllable electronic record if the electronic record, a record attached to or logically
associated with the electronic record, or a system in which the electronic record is recorded:
(1) gives the person:
(A) power to avail itself of substantially all the benefit from the electronic record;
and
(B) exclusive power, subject to Subsection (b) of this Section, to:
(i) prevent others from availing themselves of substantially all the benefit from the
electronic record; and
(ii) transfer control of the electronic record to another person or cause another person
to obtain control of another controllable electronic record as a result of the transfer of the
electronic record; and
(2) enables the person readily to identify itself in any way, including by name,
identifying number, cryptographic key, office, or account number, as having the powers
specified in Paragraph (1) of this Subsection.
(b) Meaning of exclusive. Subject to Subsection (c) of this Section, a power is
exclusive under Items (a)(1)(B)(i) and (ii) of this Section even if:
(1) the controllable electronic record, a record attached to or logically associated with
the electronic record, or a system in which the electronic record is recorded limits the use of
the electronic record or has a protocol programmed to cause a change, including a transfer
or loss of control or a modification of benefits afforded by the electronic record; or
(2) the power is shared with another person.
(c) When power not shared with another person. A power of a person is not shared
with another person under Paragraph (b)(2) of this Section and the person's power is not
exclusive if:
(1) the person can exercise the power only if the power also is exercised by the other
person; and
(2) the other person:
(A) can exercise the power without exercise of the power by the person; or
(B) is the transferor to the person of an interest in the controllable electronic record
or a controllable account or controllable payment intangible evidenced by the controllable
electronic record.
(d) Presumption of exclusivity of certain powers. If a person has the powers
specified in Items (a)(1)(B)(i) and (ii) of this Section, the powers are presumed to be
exclusive.
(e) Control through another person. A person has control of a controllable electronic
record if another person, other than the transferor to the person of an interest in the
controllable electronic record or a controllable account or controllable payment intangible
evidenced by the controllable electronic record:
(1) has control of the electronic record and acknowledges that it has control on behalf
of the person; or
(2) obtains control of the electronic record after having acknowledged that it will
obtain control of the electronic record on behalf of the person.
(f) No requirement to acknowledge. A person that has control under this Section is
not required to acknowledge that it has control on behalf of another person.
(g) No duties or confirmation. If a person acknowledges that it has or will obtain
control on behalf of another person, unless the person otherwise agrees or law other than this
Chapter or Chapter 9 of this Title otherwise provides, the person does not owe any duty to
the other person and is not required to confirm the acknowledgment to any other person.