(a)No person who obtains confidential HIV-related information may disclose or be compelled to disclose such information, except to the following:
(1)The protected individual, his legal guardian or a person authorized to consent to health care for such individual;
(2)Any person who secures a release of confidential HIV-related information;
(3)A federal, state or local health officer when such disclosure is mandated or authorized by federal or state law;
(4)A health care provider or health facility when knowledge of the HIV-related information is necessary to provide appropriate care or treatment to the protected individual or a child of the individual or when confidential HIV-related information is already recorded in a medical chart or record and a health care provider has access to s
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(a) No person who obtains confidential HIV-related information may disclose or be compelled to disclose such information, except to the following: (1) The protected individual, his legal guardian or a person authorized to consent to health care for such individual; (2) Any person who secures a release of confidential HIV-related information; (3) A federal, state or local health officer when such disclosure is mandated or authorized by federal or state law; (4) A health care provider or health facility when knowledge of the HIV-related information is necessary to provide appropriate care or treatment to the protected individual or a child of the individual or when confidential HIV-related information is already recorded in a medical chart or record and a health care provider has access to such record for the purpose of providing medical care to the protected individual; (5) A medical examiner to assist in determining the cause or circumstances of death; (6) Health facility staff committees or accreditation or oversight review organizations which are conducting program monitoring, program evaluation or service reviews; (7) A health care provider or other person in cases where such provider or person in the course of his occupational duties has had a significant exposure to HIV infection, provided the following criteria are met: (A) The worker is able to document significant exposure during performance of his occupation, (B) the worker completes an incident report within forty-eight hours of exposure, identifying the parties to the exposure, witnesses, time, place and nature of the event, (C) the worker submits to a baseline HIV test within seventy-two hours of the exposure and is negative on that test for the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus, (D) the patient's or person's physician or, if the patient or person does not have a personal physician or if the patient's or person's physician is unavailable, another physician or health care provider has approached the patient or person and sought voluntary consent to disclosure and the patient or person refuses to consent to disclosure, except in an exposure where the patient or person is deceased, (E) the worker would be able to take meaningful immediate action as defined in regulations adopted pursuant to section 19a-589 which could not otherwise be taken, (F) an exposure evaluation group determines that the criteria specified in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) of this subdivision are met and that a worker has a significant exposure to the blood of a patient or person and the patient or person or the patient's or person's legal guardian refuses to consent to release of the information. No member of the exposure evaluation group who determines that a worker has sustained a significant exposure and authorizes the disclosure of confidential HIV-related information nor the health facility, correctional facility or other institution nor any person in a health facility, correctional facility or other institution who relies in good faith on the group's determination and discloses the result shall have any liability as a result of his action carried out under this section, unless such persons acted in bad faith. If the information is not held by a health facility, correctional facility or other institution, a physician not directly involved in the exposure has certified in writing that the criteria specified in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) of this subdivision are met and that a significant exposure has occurred; (8) Employees of hospitals for mental illness operated by the Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services if the infection control committee of the hospital determines that the behavior of the patient poses a significant risk of transmission to another patient of the hospital. Disclosure shall only be allowed if it is likely to prevent or reduce the risk of transmission and no reasonable alternatives exist that will achieve the same goal and also preserve the confidentiality of the information. Such “reasonable alternatives” include counseling the patient concerning behaviors that pose a risk of transmission and other efforts to prevent or address the behaviors that pose a significant risk of transmission without disclosing the patient's HIV status or other confidential HIV-related information. Disclosure shall be limited to as few employees as possible and only to those employees with a direct need to receive the information to achieve the purpose authorized by this subdivision; (9) Employees of facilities operated by the Department of Correction to provide services related to HIV infection or if the medical director and chief administrator of the facility determine that the behavior of an inmate poses significant risk of transmission to another inmate or has resulted in a significant exposure of another inmate of the facility. Such a disclosure shall only be made if it is specifically required to enable the inmate to receive such services or is likely to prevent or reduce the risk of transmission and no reasonable alternatives exist that will achieve the same goal and also preserve the confidentiality of the information. Such “reasonable alternatives” include counseling the inmate concerning behaviors that pose a risk of transmission or other efforts to prevent or address the behaviors that pose a significant risk of transmission without disclosing the patient's HIV status or other confidential HIV-related information. Disclosure shall be limited to as few employees as possible and only to those employees with a direct need to receive the information to achieve a purpose authorized by this subdivision; (10) Any person allowed access to such information by a court order which is issued in compliance with the following provisions: (A) No court of this state shall issue such order unless the court finds a clear and imminent danger to the public health or the health of a person and that the person has demonstrated a compelling need for the test results which cannot be accommodated by other means. In assessing compelling need, the court shall weigh the need for disclosure against the privacy interest of the test subject and the public interest which may be disserved by disclosure which deters future testing or which may lead to discrimination. (B) Pleadings pertaining to disclosure of confidential HIV-related information shall substitute a pseudonym for the true name of the subject of the test. The disclosure to the parties of the subject's true name shall be communicated confidentially, in documents not filed with the court. (C) Before granting any such order, the court shall provide the individual whose test result is in question with notice and a reasonable opportunity to participate in the proceedings if he is not already a party. (D) Court proceedings as to disclosure of confidential HIV-related information shall be conducted in camera unless the subject of the test agrees to a hearing in open court or unless the court determines that a public hearing is necessary to the public interest and the proper administration of justice. (E) Upon the issuance of an order to disclose test results, the court shall impose appropriate safeguards against unauthorized disclosure, which shall specify the persons who may have access to the information, the purposes for which the information shall be used, and appropriate prohibitions on future disclosure; (11) Life and health insurers, government payers and health care centers and their affiliates, reinsurers, and contractors, except agents and brokers, in connection with underwriting and claim activity for life, health, and disability benefits; (12) Any health care provider specifically designated by the protected individual to receive such information received by a life or health insurer or health care center pursuant to an application for life, health or disability insurance; and (13) A procurement organization, for the purposes of assessing donor suitability pursuant to subsection (c) of section 19a-289m . (b) No person, except the protected individual, his legal guardian or a person authorized to consent to health care for such individual, to whom confidential HIV-related information is disclosed may further disclose such information, except as provided in this section and sections 19a-584 and 19a-585 .