§ 1-82 — Complaints. Procedure. Time limits. Investigation; notice; hearings. Attorneys' fees. Damages for complaints without foundation.

Connecticut § 1-82

• Jurisdiction: Connecticut
• Title 1: Provisions of General Application
• Ch. 10: Codes of Ethics

Text

(a)(1) Upon the complaint of any person on a form prescribed by the board, signed under penalty of false statement, or upon its own complaint, the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics shall investigate any alleged violation of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn. Not later than five days after the receipt or issuance of such complaint, the board shall provide notice of such receipt or issuance and a copy of the complaint by registered or certified mail to any respondent against whom such complaint is filed and shall provide notice of the receipt of such complaint to the complainant. When the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics undertakes an evaluation of a possible violation of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn prior to the filing of a complaint, the subject of the evaluation shall be notified not later than five business days after an Office of State Ethics staff member's first contact with a third party concerning the matter. (2) In the conduct of its investigation of an alleged violation of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn , the Office of State Ethics shall have the power to hold hearings, administer oaths, examine witnesses and receive oral and documentary evidence. The Office of State Ethics may subpoena witnesses under procedural rules adopted by the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board as regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to compel attendance before the Office of State Ethics and to require the production for examination by the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics of any books and papers which the Office of State Ethics deems relevant in any matter under investigation or in question, provided any such subpoena is issued either pursuant to a majority vote of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board or pursuant to the signature of the chairperson of such board. The vice-chairperson of such board may sign any such subpoena if the chairperson of such board is unavailable. In the exercise of such powers, the Office of State Ethics may use the services of the state police, who shall provide the same upon the office's request. The Office of State Ethics shall make a record of all proceedings conducted pursuant to this subsection. The ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics may bring any alleged violation of this part before a judge trial referee assigned by the Chief Court Administrator for such purpose for a probable cause hearing. Such judge trial referee shall be compensated in accordance with the provisions of section 52-434 from such funds as may be available to the Office of State Ethics. Any witness summoned before the Office of State Ethics or a judge trial referee pursuant to this subsection shall receive the witness fee paid to witnesses in the courts of this state. During any investigation conducted pursuant to this subsection or any probable cause hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the respondent shall have the right to appear and be heard and to offer any information which may tend to clear the respondent of probable cause to believe the respondent has violated any provision of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn . The respondent shall also have the right to be represented by legal counsel and to examine and cross-examine witnesses. Not later than ten days prior to the commencement of any hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the Office of State Ethics shall provide the respondent with a list of its intended witnesses. Any finding of probable cause to believe the respondent is in violation of any provisions of this part shall be made by a judge trial referee not later than thirty days after the ethics enforcement officer brings such alleged violation before such judge trial referee, except that such thirty-day limitation period shall not apply if the judge trial referee determines that good cause exists for extending such limitation period. (b) If a judge trial referee determines that probable cause exists for the violation of a provision of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn , the board shall initiate hearings to determine whether there has been a violation of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn . Any such hearing shall be initiated by the board not later than thirty days after the finding of probable cause by a judge trial referee and shall be concluded not later than ninety days after its initiation, except that such thirty or ninety-day limitation period shall not apply if the judge trial referee determines that good cause exists for extending such limitation period. A judge trial referee, who has not taken part in the probable cause determination on the matter shall be assigned by the Chief Court Administrator and shall be compensated in accordance with section 52-434 out of funds available to the Office of State Ethics. Such judge trial referee shall preside over such hearing and rule on all issues concerning the application of the rules of evidence, which shall be the same as in judicial proceedings. The judge trial referee shall have no vote in any decision of the board. All hearings of the board held pursuant to this subsection shall be open. At such hearing the board shall have the same powers as the Office of State Ethics under subsection (a) of this section and the respondent shall have the right to be represented by legal counsel, to compel attendance of witnesses and the production of books, documents, records and papers and to examine and cross-examine witnesses. Not later than ten days prior to the commencement of any hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the Office of State Ethics shall provide the respondent with a list of its intended witnesses. The judge trial referee shall, while engaged in the discharge of the duties as provided in this subsection, have the same authority as is provided in section 51-35 over witnesses who refuse to obey a subpoena or to testify with respect to any matter upon which such witness may be lawfully interrogated, and may commit any such witness for contempt for a period no longer than thirty days. The Office of State Ethics shall make a record of all proceedings pursuant to this subsection. During the course of any such hearing, no ex-parte communication shall occur between the board, or any of its members, and: (1) The judge trial referee, or (2) any staff member of the Enforcement Division of the Office of State Ethics, concerning the complaint or the respondent. The board shall find no person in violation of any provision of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn except upon the concurring vote of two-thirds of its members present and voting. No member of the board shall vote on the question of whether a violation of any provision of this part has occurred unless such member was physically present for the duration of any hearing held pursuant to this subsection. Not later than forty-five days after the public hearing conducted in accordance with this subsection, the board shall publish its finding and a memorandum of the reasons therefor. Such finding and memorandum shall be deemed to be the final decision of the board on the matter for the purposes of chapter 54. The respondent, if aggrieved by the finding and memorandum, may appeal therefrom to the Superior Court in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183 . (c) If a judge trial referee finds, after a hearing pursuant to this section, that there is no probable cause to believe that a public official or state employee has violated a provision of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn , or if the board determines that a public official or state employee has not violated any such provision, or if a court of competent jurisdiction overturns a finding by the board of a violation by such a respondent, the state shall pay the reasonable legal expenses of the respondent as determined by the Attorney General or by the court if appropriate. If any complaint brought under the provisions of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn is made with the knowledge that it is made without foundation in fact, the respondent shall have a cause of action against the complainant for double the amount of damage caused thereby and, if the respondent prevails in such action, the respondent may be awarded by the court the costs of such action together with reasonable attorneys' fees. (d) No complaint may be made under this section later than five years after the violation alleged in the complaint has been committed. (e) No person shall take or threaten to take official action against an individual for such individual's disclosure of information to the board or the general counsel, ethics enforcement officer or staff of the Office of State Ethics under the provisions of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn . After receipt of information from an individual under the provisions of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn , the Office of State Ethics shall not disclose the identity of such individual without such individual's consent unless the Office of State Ethics determines that such disclosure is unavoidable during the course of an investigation. No person shall be subject to civil liability for any good faith disclosure that such person makes to the Office of State Ethics.

Legislative History

(P.A. 77-600, S. 4, 15; 77-605, S. 16, 21; 77-614, S. 486, 587, 610; P.A. 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 79-493, S. 4, 9; P.A. 81-296, S. 1; P.A. 83-249, S. 5, 14; 83-586, S. 2, 14; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-15, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-52, S. 1; 84-519, S. 1; P.A. 85-290, S. 1; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1, S. 14; P.A. 92-29, S. 1; P.A. 94-132, S. 1; P.A. 96-37, S. 1; P.A. 04-38, S. 1; 04-198, S. 3; 04-204, S. 4; P.A. 05-183, S. 6; 05-287, S. 39; June 11 Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-3, S. 16; P.A. 13-244, S. 7; 13-264, S. 3; P.A. 17-235, S. 6; P.A. 18-137, S. 17; P.A. 21-164, S. 6.) History: P.A. 77-605 removed subpoena power and permission to use services of state police from investigation process in Subsec. (a) and placed these provisions in Subsec. (c) under the hearing process; P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 placed the state police within the department of public safety, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 79-493 required concurring vote of four members for finding of probable cause; P.A. 81-296 added Subsec. (e) establishing a three-year time limit for complaints; P.A. 83-249 made technical change in Subsec. (a); P.A. 83-586 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provisions concerning publication of commission findings and confidentiality of record; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-15 amended Subsec. (d) to provide for state reimbursement of legal expenses of respondent in some instances; P.A. 84-52 eliminated provisions re confidentiality of investigations and publication of findings; P.A. 84-519 amended section to grant subpoena power to commission at all stages of investigation, to require commission to meet prior to commencing investigation and to exempt such meetings from the freedom of information act, and deleted provision authorizing commission witnesses to be paid witness fees awarded court witnesses; P.A. 85-290 amended Subsec. (a) to require that commission notify persons under evaluation within 5 business days after a commission staff member's first contact with a third party concerning the matter; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) to require trial referee or senior judge, instead of commission, to make determinations re violations; P.A. 92-29 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) by eliminating references to senior judges; P.A. 94-132 amended Subsec. (a)(1) by deleting provisions re meeting to determine whether sufficient evidence exists to warrant inquiry, changing notice deadline from 5 days after meeting to 5 days after receipt or issuance of complaint, and making technical grammatical changes, amended Subsec. (a)(2) by adding “of an alleged violation of this part” after “investigation”, deleting provision re deadline for adoption of regulations, and adding provisions re record of proceedings and list of intended witnesses, amended Subsec. (b) by specifying trial referee has no vote in commission decision, adding “of the commission held” after “all hearings” giving commission, rather than trial referee, the same powers as under Subsec. (a), adding provisions re list of intended witnesses and vote required for finding of violation, changing publisher of finding and memorandum from trial referee to commission, and deleting provision re commission aggrieved by finding and memorandum, amended Subsec. (c) by deleting provision re trial referee overturning finding by commission, changing finding that may be overturned by court from one of trial referee to one of commission, and making technical changes, and added new Subsec. (e) re individuals who disclose information to commission; P.A. 96-37 amended Subsec. (b) by changing “state trial referee” to “judge trial referee”; P.A. 04-38 amended Subsec. (d) to increase the time limit for complaints from three to five years, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-198 applied provisions to Sec. 1-86d, effective June 3, 2004; P.A. 04-204 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to increase vote required to find probable cause of violation of part from four to five members, and amended Subsec. (b) to increase vote required to find violation of part from five to seven members, effective June 3, 2004; P.A. 05-183 amended Subsec. (a) to change references from the State Ethics Commission to the Office of State Ethics and the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board, authorize the ethics enforcement officer to bring alleged violations of the code of ethics to a judge trial referee for a probable cause hearing, provide 30 days for a judge trial referee to make any such probable cause finding and make conforming and technical changes, amended Subsec. (b) to provide for the timing of a hearing by the board on a violation, make technical changes, and change the requirement for a finding of a violation from a vote of seven members to a vote of two-thirds of those members present and voting, and amended Subsecs. (c) and (e) to make conforming and technical changes, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 05-287 made technical changes and included references to Sec. 1-101nn throughout the section, amended Subsec. (b) to require a vote of six members, rather than seven, for a finding of a violation and amended Subsec. (e) to provide that persons who make good faith disclosures to the commission shall not be subject to civil liability for such disclosures, effective July 1, 2005; June 11 Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-3 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to provide that Office of State Ethics may subpoena witnesses provided subpoena is issued either pursuant to majority vote of board or pursuant to signature of chairperson, or vice-chairperson of board if chairperson unavailable, and amended Subsec. (b) to provide prohibition re ex-parte communications during course of hearings between board or its members and judge trial referee or any staff member of Enforcement Division of the Office of State Ethics and to prohibit a board member from voting on question of whether violation had occurred if such member was not physically present for duration of any hearing; P.A. 13-244 changed “commission” to “Office of State Ethics” in Subsec. (e), effective July 2, 2013; P.A. 13-264 made identical change in Subsec. (e) as P.A. 13-244, effective July 11, 2013; P.A. 17-235 amended Subsec. (b) to make technical changes and to require vote of two-thirds of members rather than six members for finding of violation; P.A. 18-137 added references to Sec. 1-101bb and amended Subsec. (c) to make technical changes; P.A. 21-164 amended Subsec. (b) to change date for publishing finding and memorandum from 15 to 45 days after public hearing. Cited. 222 C. 799; 224 C. 29.