(a)This section applies when distribution from a decedent’s estate is made to a transferee for value who acquires any interest of a beneficiary in exchange for cash or other consideration.
(b)For purposes of this section, a transferee for value is a person who satisfies both of the following criteria:
(1)The person purchases the interest from a beneficiary for consideration pursuant to a written agreement.
(2)The person, directly or indirectly, regularly engages in the purchase of beneficial interests in estates for consideration.
(c)This section does not apply to any
of the following:
(1)A transferee who is a beneficiary of the estate or a person who has a claim to distribution from the estate under another instrument or by intestate succession.
(2)A transferee who is either
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(a)
This section applies when distribution from a decedent’s estate is made to a transferee for value who acquires any interest of a beneficiary in exchange for cash or other consideration.
(b)
For purposes of this section, a transferee for value is a person who satisfies both of the following criteria:
(1)
The person purchases the interest from a beneficiary for consideration pursuant to a written agreement.
(2)
The person, directly or indirectly, regularly engages in the purchase of beneficial interests in estates for consideration.
(c)
This section does not apply to any
of the following:
(1)
A transferee who is a beneficiary of the estate or a person who has a claim to distribution from the estate under another instrument or by intestate succession.
(2)
A transferee who is either the registered domestic partner of the beneficiary, or is related by blood, marriage, or adoption to the beneficiary or the decedent.
(3)
A transaction made in conformity with the California Financing Law (Division 9 (commencing with Section 22000) of the Financial Code) and subject to regulation by the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation.
(4)
A transferee who is engaged in the business of locating missing or unknown heirs and who acquires an interest from a beneficiary solely in exchange for providing information or services
associated with locating the heir or beneficiary.
(d)
A written agreement is effective only if all of the following conditions are met:
(1)
The executed written agreement is filed with the court not later than 30 days following the date of its execution or, if administration of the decedent’s estate has not commenced, then within 30 days of issuance of the letters of administration or letters testamentary, but in no event later than 15 days prior to the hearing on the petition for final distribution. Prior to filing or serving that written agreement, the transferee for value shall redact any personally identifying information about the beneficiary, other than the name and address of the beneficiary, and any financial information provided by the beneficiary to the transferee for value on the application for cash or other consideration, from the agreement.
(2)
If the negotiation or discussion between the beneficiary and the transferee for value leading to the execution of the written agreement by the beneficiary was conducted in a language other than English, the beneficiary shall receive the written agreement in English, together with a copy of the agreement translated into the language in which it was negotiated or discussed. The written agreement and the translated copy, if any, shall be provided to the beneficiary.
(3)
The documents signed by, or provided to, the beneficiary are printed in at least 10-point type.
(4)
The transferee for value executes a declaration or affidavit attesting that the requirements of this section have been satisfied, and the declaration or affidavit is filed with the court within 30 days of execution of the written agreement or, if
administration of the decedent’s estate has not commenced, then within 30 days of issuance of the letters of administration or letters testamentary, but in no event later than 15 days prior to the hearing on the petition for final distribution.
(5)
Notice of the assignment is served on the personal representative or the attorney of record for the personal representative within 30 days of execution of the written agreement or, if general or special letters of administration or letters testamentary have not been issued, then within 30 days of issuance of the letters of administration or letters testamentary, but in no event later than 15 days before the hearing on the petition for final distribution.
(e)
The written agreement shall include the following terms, in addition to any other terms:
(1)
The amount of
consideration paid to the beneficiary.
(2)
A description of the transferred interest.
(3)
If the written agreement so provides, the amount by which the transferee for value would have its distribution reduced if the beneficial interest assigned is distributed prior to a specified date.
(4)
A statement of the total of all costs or fees charged to the beneficiary resulting from the transfer for value, including, but not limited to, transaction or processing fees, credit report costs, title search costs, due diligence fees, filing fees, bank or electronic transfer costs, or any other fees or costs. If all the costs and fees are paid by the transferee for value and are included in the amount of the transferred interest, then the statement of costs need not itemize any costs or fees. This subdivision shall not apply to
costs, fees, or damages arising out of a material breach of the agreement or fraud by or on the part of the beneficiary.
(f)
A written agreement shall not contain any of the following provisions and, if any such provision is included, that provision shall be null and void:
(1)
A provision holding harmless the transferee for value, other than for liability arising out of fraud by the beneficiary.
(2)
A provision granting to the transferee for value agency powers to represent the beneficiary’s interest in the decedent’s estate beyond the interest transferred.
(3)
A provision requiring payment by the beneficiary to the transferee for value for services not related to the written agreement or services other than the transfer of interest under the written
agreement.
(4)
A provision permitting the transferee for value to have recourse against the beneficiary if the distribution from the estate in satisfaction of the beneficial interest is less than the beneficial interest assigned to the transferee for value, other than recourse for any expense or damage arising out of the material breach of the agreement or fraud by the beneficiary.
(g)
The court on its own motion, or on the motion of the personal representative or other interested person, may inquire into the circumstances surrounding the execution of, and the consideration for, the written agreement to determine that the requirements of this section have been satisfied.
(h)
The court may refuse to order distribution under the written agreement, or may order distribution on any terms that the court considers
equitable, if the court finds that the transferee for value did not substantially comply with the requirements of this section, or if the court finds that any of the following conditions existed at the time of transfer:
(1)
The fees, charges, or consideration paid or agreed to be paid by the beneficiary were grossly unreasonable.
(2)
The transfer of the beneficial interest was obtained by duress, fraud, or undue influence.
(i)
In addition to any remedy specified in this section, for any willful violation of the requirements of this section found to be committed in bad faith, the court may require the transferee for value to pay to the beneficiary up to twice the value paid for the assignment.
(j)
Notice of the hearing on any motion brought under this
section shall be served on the beneficiary and on the transferee for value at least 15 days before the hearing in the manner provided in Section 415.10 or 415.30 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(k)
If the decedent’s estate is not subject to a pending court proceeding under the Probate Code in California, but is the subject of a probate proceeding in another state, the transferee for value shall not be required to submit to the court a copy of the written agreement as required under paragraph (1) of subdivision (d). If the written agreement is entered into in California or if the beneficiary is domiciled in California, that written agreement shall otherwise conform to the provisions of subdivisions (d), (e), and (f) in order to be effective.