Zhu v. Bondi

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: November 25, 2025
• Docket: 24-5639
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS NOV 25 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MEIJING ZHU; QIHAN LYU; MENGXI No. 24-5639 LYU, Agency Nos. A246-914-402 Petitioners, A246-914-404 A246-914-405 v.

PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General, MEMORANDUM*

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted November 21, 2025** San Jose, California

Before: SCHROEDER and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges, and SCHREIER, District Judge.***

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Karen E. Schreier, United States District Judge for the District of South Dakota, sitting by designation. Meijing Zhu and her sons, natives and citizens of China, petition for review

of a decision by the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) dismissing their appeal

from an immigration judge’s (“IJ”) denial of their application for asylum,

withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture

(“CAT”).1 We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the petition

for review.

We review the BIA’s “denial of asylum, withholding of removal and CAT

claims for substantial evidence.” Duran-Rodriguez v. Barr, 918 F.3d 1025, 1028

(9th Cir. 2019). We review the BIA’s credibility findings for substantial evidence,

applying the REAL ID Act’s “totality of the circumstances” standard, which

includes considering “all relevant factors.” Shrestha v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1034,

1040 (9th Cir. 2010) (quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii)). “[O]nly the most

extraordinary circumstances will justify overturning an adverse credibility

determination,” id. at 1041 (quoting Jibril v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 1129, 1138 n.1

(9th Cir. 2005)), and “we must uphold the [BIA’s] determination unless the

evidence compels a contrary conclusion,” Duran-Rodriguez, 918 F.3d at 1028.

1. Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s affirmance of the IJ’s finding that

Zhu’s testimony lacked credibility. The BIA’s determination was based on Zhu’s

internally inconsistent testimony regarding the timing of the payments Zhu made

1 Zhu’s application listed her two sons as derivative beneficiaries.

2 24-5639 on the government-ordered fine following the birth of Zhu’s second child and

Zhu’s claims about her plans to have a third child. See Dong v. Garland, 50 F.4th

1291, 1297 (9th Cir. 2022) (“Inconsistencies in an applicant's testimony may

support an adverse credibility determination.”). The BIA also properly concluded

that Zhu’s testimony was not credible based on inconsistencies between Zhu’s

testimony and documentary evidence regarding whether Zhu was forcibly taken to

the hospital by Chinese government officials, whether Zhu was held down or tied

to the operating table during her forced abortion, the frequency of Zhu’s pregnancy

screenings, and the timing of Zhu’s IUD insertion and removal after her first child

was born. See Shrestha, 590 F.3d at 1048 (upholding adverse credibility

determination based, in part, on applicant’s inconsistent and unresponsive

testimony as reasonable under the REAL ID Act’s “totality of the circumstances”

standard).

Although Zhu was provided with the opportunity to explain the

discrepancies, the record does not compel acceptance of Zhu’s explanations. See

Zamanov v. Holder, 649 F.3d 969, 974 (9th Cir. 2011) (reasoning that acceptance

of plausible explanation was not compelled “in light of the importance of the

omitted incidents to [petitioner’s] asylum claim”).

3 24-5639 2. Zhu does not argue that, if her testimony is disregarded as not credible,

she has nevertheless offered other evidence that could establish eligibility for

asylum or withholding of removal. Any such argument is therefore forfeited.

3. Finally, the BIA’s denial of Zhu’s CAT claim is supported by substantial

evidence. Zhu’s CAT claim is based on the same evidence the BIA considered

when it denied her asylum and withholding of removal claims, which was found to

be not credible. The only additional evidence Zhu relies on is the country

conditions evidence. Although “country conditions alone can play a decisive role

in granting [CAT] relief,” Mukulumbutu v. Barr, 977 F.3d 924, 927 (9th Cir. 2020)

(quoting Kamalthas v. INS, 251 F.3d 1279, 1280) (9th Cir 2001)), here Zhu’s

evidence is not sufficient to meet “the high threshold of establishing that it is more

likely than not that [she] will be tortured by or with the consent or acquiescence of

a public official,” id. Thus, the BIA’s determination that Zhu is not entitled to

CAT protection is supported by substantial evidence.

Petition DENIED.2

2 The temporary stay of removal will remain in place until the mandate issues, and the motion to stay removal, Docket No. 2, is otherwise denied as moot.

4 24-5639