Zalud Oldsmobile Pontiac, Inc. v. Tracy

77 Ohio St. 3d 74
Ohio Supreme Court·Decided November 6, 1996·No. Nos. 95-1447 and 95-1690·Published·Cited by 9 cases

Opinion

Per Curiam.

Appellants argue that R.C. 5733.041 allows them to deduct these depreciation add-back amounts from their net income in the disputed tax years. They also argue, alternatively, that denying them the deductions violates the federal Equal Protection Clause and Ohio’s Uniformity Clause. We disagree and affirm the BTA’s decisions.

“R.C. 5733.01 imposes a tax on corporations for the privilege of exercising their franchise in Ohio. This tax is computed on the value of the taxpayer’s issued and outstanding shares of stock, calculated on either the net worth or net income basis, whichever produces the greater tax. R.C. 5733.06. * * * ” Cohen & Co. v. Limbach (1988), 40 Ohio St.3d 52, 53, 531 N.E.2d 699, 700.

In computing the net income basis, “ * * * the taxable income that is required to be reported for federal purposes is also the net income for the Ohio franchise tax.” Id. at 53, 531 N.E.2d at 701. R.C. 5733.041 prescribes the disputed adjustments to net income:

“Notwithstanding division (I) of section 5733.04 of the Revised Code, ‘net income’ means net income as defined in that division subject to the following adjustments:

“(A) For each of the tax years 1984 to 1988, in the case of a corporation whose 1982 franchise tax was charged on the base calculated under division (B) of section 5733.05 of the Revised Code [net income basis], deduct one-fifth of the [76]*76amount of the adjustment [depreciation add-back], if any, required by division (A)(1) of this section as it existed prior to July 1, 1983 for tax year 1982.

“(B) For each of the tax years 1985 to 1989, in the case of a corporation whose 1983 franchise tax was charged on the base calculated under division (B) of section 5733.05 of the Revised Code, deduct one-fifth of the amount of the adjustment required by division (B)(1) of this section as it existed prior to July 1, 1983 for tax year 1983.

“(C) For each of the tax years 1984 to 1988:

“(1) Add twenty-five per cent of the amount by which the corporation’s federal taxable income before operating loss deduction and special deductions was reduced for the taxable year by any depreciation taken on recovery property for which the depreciation was determined under section 168 of the Internal Revenue Code.

“(2) For each of the five ensuing tax years following a tax year for which an addition was made under division (C)(1) of this section and for which the corporation’s tax was charged on the base calculated under division (B) of section 5733.05 of the Revised Code, deduct one-fifth of the amount of such addition.

“(D)(1) For tax year 1989, add twenty per cent of the amount by which the corporation’s federal taxable income before operating loss deduction and special deductions was reduced for the taxable year by any depreciation taken on recovery property for which the depreciation was determined under section 168 of the Internal Revenue Code.

“(2) For each of the tax years 1990 to 1993, where an addition was made under division (D)(1) of this section and where the corporation’s tax for tax year 1989 was charged on the base calculated under division (B) of section 5733.05 of the Revised Code, deduct one-fourth of the amount of such addition. * * * ”

Despite appellants’ arguments that the court should interpret R.C. 5733.041 to allow them to deduct portions of the add-back in the tax years in question, the statute is clear. In the years prior to the disputed tax years, a taxpayer had to add back a percentage of federal accelerated depreciation in calculating its franchise tax. Second, if it paid the tax on the net income basis in those years, it may deduct portions of this add-back in subsequent years. In the prior years, appellants paid the minimum franchise tax or paid it on their net worth, not on their net income, and, consequently, failed to satisfy the conditions of this statute that authorizes the deductions. We must apply a statute that is clear and unambiguous in its terms; we do not interpret it. Soltesiz v. Tracy (1996), 75 Ohio St.3d 477, 479, 663 N.E.2d 1273, 1275.

Moreover, S. Cent. Bell Tel. Co. v. Celauro (Tenn.1988), 754 S.W.2d 605, cited for support by appellants, does not apply here. Tennessee’s corporate excise tax [77]*77recognizes two depreciation systems in subtracting from income a gain or loss on the sale or disposition of property having a higher Tennessee basis than federal basis. This difference in bases could occur, according to the decision, if the corporation used the accelerated cost recovery system (“ACRS”) for federal income tax and slower depreciation methods for Tennessee corporate excise tax.

Ohio, on the other hand, does not calculate a separate deduction for a differential in federal basis and state basis when a taxpayer disposes of property. Ohio accepts and then adjusts federal adjusted gross income, despite how the corporation computes depreciation, in calculating the franchise tax on the net income basis. Indeed, Ohio does not, for its net income calculations, have a state basis vis a vis a federal basis. ■ Thus, Ohio’s and Tennessee’s taxes are different, and we need not rely on that Tennessee decision to interpret an Ohio tax statute.

Appellants’ sharper focus is the federal Equal Protection Clause. They argue that disallowing these depreciation deductions for taxpayers that paid franchise tax on the net worth basis while granting the deductions to taxpayers that paid on the net income basis denies them equal protection. The commissioner, on the other hand, maintains that he has treated appellants the same as other taxpayers who are similarly situated, ie., those taxpayers that paid the tax on the net worth or minimum tax basis. The commissioner also maintains that appellants did not negate all rational bases for the classification or sustain their burden to establish that no rational basis existed for the classification.

The commissioner misses the point; the statute does classify franchise taxpayers into net income and net worth or minimum tax taxpayers. Nevertheless, we hold that the classification does not violate the Equal Protection Clause.

According to Nordlinger v. Hahn (1992), 505 U.S. 1, 10, 112 S.Ct. 2326, 2331-2332,120 L.Ed.2d 1, 12:

“The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, § 1, commands that no State shall ‘deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.’ Of course, most laws differentiate in some fashion between classes of persons. The Equal Protection Clause does not forbid classifications. It simply keeps governmental decisionmakers from treating differently persons who are in all relevant respects alike. F.S. Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia, 253 U.S. 412, 415 [40 S.Ct. 560, 561, 64 L.Ed. 989, 990-991] (1920).

“As a general rule ‘legislatures are presumed to have acted within their constitutional power despite the fact that, in practice, their laws result in some inequality.’ McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 420

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Zalud Oldsmobile Pontiac, Inc. v. Tracy, 77 Ohio St. 3d 74 (Ohio 1996).

77 Ohio St. 3d 74 (Zalud Oldsmobile Pontiac, Inc. v. Tracy) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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