Zakkiyya Carter v. City of Buffalo, County of Erie, Jane and John Does, Michael Redmond, Michael Kiripolsky, Joshua Kluge, Mia Sullivan, Jennifer Hubacher a/k/a Jennifer M. Scarf, Dawn D. Freeman, Suicide Intervention and Crisis Services Inc. d/b/a Crisis Services, Laura C. Hanrahan, M.D., Mark C. Sutton, D.O., Unique Outlaw Jones, Rebecca Hicks, M.D., Markeith Pridgen, Julia Ringle, D.O., Jane and John Does, Erie County Medical Center, Erie County Medical Center Corporation, Paula Feroleto, Samantha Ventura, Jane and John Does, Alicia Flood and Shalonna Watts

District Court, W.D. New York·Decided September 8, 2026·No. 1:25-cv-00740·Unknown

Opinion

S DIS UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT Ser CO WESTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK LS ES □□ SEP 0 8 2026 ZAKKIYYA CARTER, oren res. ELE SVERW DISTRICLS Plaintiff, v. 25-CV-740 (JLS) (MJR) CITY OF BUFFALO, COUNTY OF ERIE, JANE AND JOHN DOES, MICHAEL REDMOND, MICHAEL KIRIPOLSKY, JOSHUA KLUGE, MIA SULLIVAN, JENNIFER HUBACHER a/k/a JENNIFER M. SCARF, DAWN D. FREEMAN, SUICIDE INTERVENTION AND CRISIS SERVICES INC. d/b/a CRISIS SERVICES, LAURA C. HANRAHAN, M.D., MARK C. SUTTON, D.O., UNIQUE OUTLAW JONES, REBECCA HICKS, M.D., MARKEITH PRIDGEN, JULIA RINGLE, D.O., JANE AND JOHN DOES, ERIE COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER, ERIE COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER COPORATION, PAULA FEROLETO, SAMANTHA VENTURA, JANE AND JOHN DOES, ALICIA FLOOD and SHALONNA WATTS,! Defendants.

DECISION AND ORDER Pro se Plaintiff Zakkiyya Carter filed this action seeking relief under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1988, 1985(3), and 1988 and under the Fourth and Fourteenth

!' The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the caption as set forth herein.

Amendments to the United States Constitution. See Dkt. 1 at 7 { 31.2 The Court previously screened her complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b) on May 14, 2026. Dkt. 9. As a result, the Court allowed Carter’s causes of action for Monell ability, false arrest, procedural due process violations, and Section 1983 conspiracy to proceed to service. See id. at 16. The Court granted Carter limited leave to amend her substantive due process cause of action and her claims against Defendant Paula L. Feroleto. Because Carter's amended complaint (Dkt. 18) fails to allege plausibly enough allegations to overcome judicial immunity, her claims against Justice Feroleto are dismissed without further leave to amend. Carter’s remaining claims not otherwise dismissed below may proceed to service.

DISCUSSION

I. Legal Standards

A. Review Under the IFP Statute Section 1915 “provide[s] an efficient means by which a court can screen for and dismiss legally insufficient claims.” See Abbas v. Dixon, 480 F.3d 636, 639 (2d Cir. 2007) (citing Shakur v. Selsky, 391 F.3d 106, 112 (2d Cir. 2004)). A court shall dismiss the complaint if it determines that the action (1) is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or (2) seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b). The Court must “accept all of the facts alleged in the complaint as true and draw all inferences

2 Page numbers refer to the CM/ECF generated numbering in the header of each page.

in the plaintiffs favor.” Larkin v. Savage, 318 F.3d 138, 139 (2d Cir. 2003). And it must construe pro se pleadings “liberally” and “interpret them to raise the strongest arguments that they suggest.” Siao-Pao v. Connolly, 564 F. Supp. 2d 232, 238 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) (citation omitted).

B. Pleading Standard When evaluating a complaint, a court must accept all factual allegations as true and must draw all inferences in a plaintiffs favor. See Larkin, 318 F.3d at 139; King v. Simpson, 189 F.3d 284, 287 (2d Cir. 1999). Although “a court is obliged to construe [pro se] pleadings liberally, particularly when they allege civil rights violations,” McEachin v. McGuinnis, 357 F.3d 197, 200 (2d Cir. 2004), even a pro se complaint must comply with Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which requires a complaint to make “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” A complaint states a claim for relief if the claim is “plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). A claim will have “facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). In other words, although a pro se complaint need not provide every last detail in support of a claim, it must allege sufficient facts to support the claim. See Shibeshi v. City of New York, 475 F. App’x 807, 808 (2d Cir. 2012) (concluding that district court properly dismissed a pro se complaint under Section 1915(e)(2) because the complaint did not meet the pleading

standard in Twombly and Igbal); accord Hardaway v. Hartford Pub. Works Dep't, 879 F.3d 486, 489 (2d Cir. 2018) (setting forth same standard of review). C. Leave to Amend Generally, a court will afford a pro se plaintiff an opportunity to amend or to be heard prior to dismissal, “unless [it] can rule out any possibility, however unlikely ..., that an amended complaint would succeed in stating a claim.” Abbas v. Dixon, 480 F.3d 636, 639 (2d Cir. 2007) (quoting Gomez v. USAA Federal Savings Bank, 171 F.3d 794, 796 (2d Cir. 1999). But a court may deny leave to amend pleadings when any amendment would be futile. See Cuoco v. Moritsugu, 222 F.3d 99, 112 (2d Cir. 2000); Ruffolo v. Oppenheimer & Co., 987 F.2d 129, 131 (2d Cir. 1993) (“Where it appears that granting leave to amend is unlikely to be productive[] . . . it is not an abuse of discretion to deny leave to amend”). D. Section 1983 Claims To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff “must allege that the challenged conduct (1) was attributable to a person acting under color of state law, and (2) deprived the plaintiff of a right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States.” Whalen v. County of Fulton, 126 F.3d 400, 405 (2d Cir. 1997) (citing Eagleston v. Guido, 41 F.3d 865, 875-76 (2d Cir. 1994)). Section 1983 “creates no substantive rights; it provides only a procedure for redress for the deprivation of rights established elsewhere.” Sykes v. James, 13 F.3d 515, 519 (2d Cir. 1993) (citing City of Okla. City v. Tuttle, 471 U.S. 808, 816 (1985)).

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Zakkiyya Carter v. City of Buffalo, County of Erie, Jane and John Does, Michael Redmond, Michael Kiripolsky, Joshua Kluge, Mia Sullivan, Jennifer Hubacher a/k/a Jennifer M. Scarf, Dawn D. Freeman, Suicide Intervention and Crisis Services Inc. d/b/a Crisis Services, Laura C. Hanrahan, M.D., Mark C. Sutton, D.O., Unique Outlaw Jones, Rebecca Hicks, M.D., Markeith Pridgen, Julia Ringle, D.O., Jane and John Does, Erie County Medical Center, Erie County Medical Center Corporation, Paula Feroleto, Samantha Ventura, Jane and John Does, Alicia Flood and Shalonna Watts, (W.D.N.Y. 2026).

Zakkiyya Carter v. City of Buffalo, County of Erie, Jane and John Does, Michael Redmond, Michael Kiripolsky, Joshua Kluge, Mia Sullivan, Jennifer Hubacher a/k/a Jennifer M. Scarf, Dawn D. Freeman, Suicide Intervention and Crisis Services Inc. d/b/a Crisis Services, Laura C. Hanrahan, M.D., Mark C. Sutton, D.O., Unique Outlaw Jones, Rebecca Hicks, M.D., Markeith Pridgen, Julia Ringle, D.O., Jane and John Does, Erie County Medical Center, Erie County Medical Center Corporation, Paula Feroleto, Samantha Ventura, Jane and John Does, Alicia Flood and Shalonna Watts (Zakkiyya Carter v. City of Buffalo, County of Erie, Jane and John Does, Michael Redmond, Michael Kiripolsky, Joshua Kluge, Mia Sullivan, Jennifer Hubacher a/k/a Jennifer M. Scarf, Dawn D. Freeman, Suicide Intervention and Crisis Services Inc. d/b/a Crisis Services, Laura C. Hanrahan, M.D., Mark C. Sutton, D.O., Unique Outlaw Jones, Rebecca Hicks, M.D., Markeith Pridgen, Julia Ringle, D.O., Jane and John Does, Erie County Medical Center, Erie County Medical Center Corporation, Paula Feroleto, Samantha Ventura, Jane and John Does, Alicia Flood and Shalonna Watts) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

Bradley v. Fisher
80 U.S. 335 (Supreme Court, 1872)
Coppedge v. United States
369 U.S. 438 (Supreme Court, 1962)
Stump v. Sparkman
435 U.S. 349 (Supreme Court, 1978)
City of Oklahoma v. Tuttle
471 U.S. 808 (Supreme Court, 1985)
Mireles v. Waco
502 U.S. 9 (Supreme Court, 1991)
Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (Supreme Court, 2007)
Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (Supreme Court, 2009)
Denny v. Barber
576 F.2d 465 (Second Circuit, 1978)
Henry Benitez v. D. Wolff, J. Kihl
907 F.2d 1293 (Second Circuit, 1990)
Palm Beach Strategic Income, LP v. Salzman
457 F. App'x 40 (Second Circuit, 2012)
Eagleston v. Guido
41 F.3d 865 (Second Circuit, 1994)
Abbas v. Dixon
480 F.3d 636 (Second Circuit, 2007)