Yuschuk v. Eichas

168 Misc. 2d 775, 643 N.Y.S.2d 326, 1996 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 167
CourtNew York City Family Court
DecidedMay 2, 1996
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 168 Misc. 2d 775 (Yuschuk v. Eichas) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York City Family Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Yuschuk v. Eichas, 168 Misc. 2d 775, 643 N.Y.S.2d 326, 1996 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 167 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 1996).

Opinion

[776]*776OPINION OF THE COURT

Ann Marie Taddeo, J.

By the filing of an objection pursuant to Family Court Act § 439 (e), petitioner seeks review of the order of Hearing Examiner Roy H. Lockwood, entered March 20, 1996, which dismissed the instant support adjustment proceeding. In his decision, the Hearing Examiner rejected a proposed adjusted order of support, filed by the Monroe County Child Support Enforcement Unit (CSEU), due to an error in the calculation of current support. Petitioner specifically objects to the Hearing Examiner’s determination that his authority was limited to ruling on the correctness of the proposed order, and to his resulting refusal to enter an adjusted child support order based on the proof before him.

BACKGROUND

Having determined that the existing child support order between the parties to this proceeding qualified for the review and adjustment process under Family Court Act § 413 (3) and Social Services Law § 111-h, the CSEU forwarded to the parties a notice of intent to review which included a requirement that the parties provide specific financial information. Because the respondent failed to provide the required financial data, the CSEU submitted his Social Security number to the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance for the purpose of obtaining the necessary income information. The information obtained revealed that respondent’s income for the calendar year 1994 was $35,633. The information did not, however, describe the nature of the income. Consequently, it did not provide a basis for determining whether FICA taxes had been paid by respondent.

Using this income figure, with no deductions, the CSEU calculated respondent’s basic child support obligation as $172 per week (the existing order was $81 per week) and filed a proposed adjusted order establishing current support in that amount, with additional obligations for day care and uninsured health care expenses. Thereafter, respondent commenced this proceeding, pursuant to Family Court Act § 413 (3) (c), by filing a written objection to the proposed adjusted order.

A hearing was held at which the CSEU procedures discussed above were detailed by the Child Support Examiner assigned to this case. Competent evidence was also offered by respondent as to his 1994 income and FICA contributions. At the [777]*777close of the hearing, the Hearing Examiner set forth, on the record, his position regarding the scope of his authority to grant relief in a support adjustment case. The Hearing Examiner stated that the only issue before him was whether the proposed order, as submitted, "is correct or not correct”, and that he would not "enlarge this proceeding to be a modification proceeding.” Consistent with his stated position, and on the basis of the proof, the Hearing Examiner determined that the proposed order was not correct under the Child Support Standards Act because it did not take into account respondent’s FICA deduction in determining his support obligation. The Hearing Examiner directed that the order "shall not be signed and entered,” but did not direct the entry of a correct adjusted order based on the record before him.

Petitioner objects to the Hearing Examiner’s "all or nothing” approach to the adjustment process. Thus, the question presented is one of statutory construction, requiring this court to interpret the provisions governing child support review and adjustment (Family Ct Act § 413 [3]; Social Services Law § 111-h), as well as the provision governing the authority of Hearing Examiners (Family Ct Act § 439), in order to determine the scope of the Hearing Examiner’s authority when adjudicating an objection to a proposed adjusted support order.

DISCUSSION

Procedures for Review and Adjustment

Subject to certain exceptions, in any case in which there is an assignment of support rights, or in which a request for adjustment review is made by a party to a support order payable through the support collection unit, the CSEU is required to initiate a review of the order no later than three years after its establishment,' modification, adjustment or most recent review, to determine whether there is an adequate basis to adjust the order. (Family Ct Act § 413 [3] [a]; Social Services Law § 111-h [12]; 18 NYCRR 347.26 [b].) An adequate basis for adjustment exists if there is a difference of 10% or greater between the basic child support obligation calculated using the noncustodial parent’s current income, and the amount of the basic child support obligation set forth in the order under review. (18 NYCRR 347.26 [e] [5] [i].)

Upon the conclusion of the review, if it is determined that an adequate basis for upward adjustment exists, the CSEU must file with the court, and serve upon the parties, a proposed [778]*778adjusted order. (Social Services Law § 111-h [14]; 18 NYCRR 347.26 [¶] [1] [i], [ii].) The proposed order must be entered by the clerk of the court unless a written objection is filed with the court within 35 days of the mailing of the proposed order to the parties. (Family Ct Act § 413 [3] [c]; 18 NYCRR 347.26 [¶] [1] [iv].) If a timely objection is filed, a hearing must be scheduled. (Family Ct Act § 413 [3] [c]; 18 NYCRR 347.26 [¶] [1] [in].) Such a hearing is returnable, in the first instance, before a Family Court Hearing Examiner. (Family Ct Act § 439 [a]; 22 NYCRR 205.34 [a].)

Authority of Hearing Examiner

A Family Court Hearing Examiner is "empowered to hear, determine and grant any relief within the powers of the court in any proceeding under [article 4 of the Family Court Act].” (Family Ct Act § 439 [a].) Thus, a Hearing Examiner may, in the normal course of his or her duties, make initial determinations of support, or adjudicate subsequent modification or violation proceedings. (See, 22 NYCRR 205.34 [c].)

Family Court Act § 439 also sets forth specific limitations with regard to the types of proceedings over which a Hearing Examiner may preside and the forms of relief which a Hearing Examiner may grant. These limitations are presented in the statute as an exhaustive list of exceptions to the general grant of jurisdiction. There are, however, no limitations in the statute applicable to the Hearing Examiner’s role in the support adjustment process under Family Court Act § 413 (3).

Nor do the review and adjustment provisions themselves limit the authority of the Hearing Examiner to grant relief. Indeed, in addressing the evidentiary scope of the hearing, the statute permits the parties to offer proof "in support of or in opposition to adjustment of the support order.” (Family Ct Act § 413 [3] [c] [emphasis added].) Similar language in the applicable regulation allows proof to be offered as to "whether the reviewed order should be adjusted pursuant to section 413 (3) of the Family Court Act.” (18 NYCRR 347.26 [¶] [1] [iii] [emphasis added].) Thus, the propriety of a support adjustment, generally, is the proper subject of the hearing, not merely the accuracy of the specific proposed order. Had the Legislature intended otherwise, it would have limited the scope of the hearing evidence accordingly. (Pajak v Pajak, 56 NY2d 394 [1982].)

Moreover, in addition to establishing a party’s right to a hearing, the statute specifically delineates the standard to be [779]

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Bluebook (online)
168 Misc. 2d 775, 643 N.Y.S.2d 326, 1996 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 167, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/yuschuk-v-eichas-nycfamct-1996.