Yurgel v. Yurgel

572 So. 2d 1327, 1990 WL 172775
CourtSupreme Court of Florida
DecidedNovember 1, 1990
Docket74610
StatusPublished
Cited by65 cases

This text of 572 So. 2d 1327 (Yurgel v. Yurgel) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Yurgel v. Yurgel, 572 So. 2d 1327, 1990 WL 172775 (Fla. 1990).

Opinion

572 So.2d 1327 (1990)

Rona E. YURGEL, etc., Petitioner,
v.
Glenn G. YURGEL, Respondent.

No. 74610.

Supreme Court of Florida.

November 1, 1990.
Opinion Clarified November 1, 1990.

A. Matthew Miller of Miller, Schwartz & Miller, P.A., Hollywood, for petitioner.

Marc H. Brawer of Law Office of Mark H. Brawer, Sunrise, for respondent.

*1328 Deborah Marks of Greene & Marks, P.A., Miami, amicus curiae for Family Law Section of The Florida Bar.

CORRECTED OPINION

KOGAN, Justice.

We have for review Yurgel v. Yurgel, 546 So.2d 746 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989), which certified the following questions of great public importance:

1) Is an appeal from a custody order in the lower court a "custody proceeding" within the meaning of the UCCJA [Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act] so as to toll the vesting of "home state" jurisdiction in a foreign state while the original state continues to exercise jurisdiction over the parties and the subject matter?
2) Does the filing of a petition for modification of custody in the lower court, within six months of the children residing in Florida, and while an appeal is pending in Florida, toll the vesting of "home state" jurisdiction in a foreign state? and
3) Is relinquishment of jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 9.600(b) of the Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure a condition precedent to the preservation of continuing "home state" jurisdiction?

Id. at 748-49. We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(4), Fla. Const.

A final judgment in the dissolution of the marriage of Rona and Glenn Yurgel was entered in March 1986. The order gave primary residence of the children to the husband. The children left Florida with their father in August 1986 and took up permanent residence in New York. There is no question that initial jurisdiction of the custody dispute was validly acquired by the Florida court.

In December 1986, during the pendency of the appeal of the final judgment, the wife petitioned the trial court to modify the custody provisions. She also moved for an emergency stay of the children's return to New York after a Christmas-vacation visit to her in Florida. The emergency stay was denied, but the court did not immediately act on the request for modification.

In May 1987 the district court affirmed the final judgment. Yurgel v. Yurgel, 505 So.2d 636 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987). This opinion, however, did not dispose of the wife's petition, which the trial court had not yet addressed.

During the next six months, the husband filed several notices to hear a motion to dismiss the wife's petition. No hearing was held. In November 1987 the wife filed an amended supplemental petition for modification, and the husband again moved to dismiss. The husband's motion was denied in January 1988.

A final hearing was scheduled for December 1988. Before then, however, the trial court denied the husband's motion for summary judgment and sua sponte denied the wife's supplemental petition. The wife appealed to the district court.

The Fourth District affirmed in part and reversed in part. It found that the appeal had divested the trial court of all jurisdiction, thus rendering the wife's petition to modify a nullity. The district court then concluded that the amended petition did not "relate back" to the initial petition. As a result, the district court concluded that the trial court had lost jurisdiction of the custody dispute because the children had been outside Florida for more than six months prior to the date the amended petition was filed. It cited a portion of the Florida UCCJA, section 61.1308, Florida Statutes (1987), as supporting this proposition.

However, the district court remanded for consideration of whether a "significant connection" gave the trial court jurisdiction. Yurgel, 546 So.2d at 747-48. In a partial dissent, Judge Warner argued that the real issue in this case is whether Florida was an inconvenient forum for the continued litigation of this custody dispute. Id. at 748.

Throughout the extensive procedural history recited above, the children have continued *1329 to return to Florida for visitation with the mother for a period of at least three months in every year.

The resolution of the issues presented by this case turns upon the interplay of several statutes.

The portion of the UCCJA upon which the district court relied provides in pertinent part:

(1) A court of this state which is competent to decide child custody matters has jurisdiction to make a child custody determination by initial or modification decree if:
(a) This state:
1. Is the home state of the child at the time of commencement of the proceeding, or
2. Had been the child's home state within 6 months before commencement of the proceeding and the child is absent from this state because of his removal or retention by a person claiming his custody or for other reasons, and a parent or person acting as parent continues to live in this state[.]

§ 61.1308, Fla. Stat. (1987).

This basic grant of jurisdiction, however, is qualified by other relevant statutes. In one of its most important operative provisions, the UCCJA forbids a state to modify the custody decrees of other states unless those other states no longer have, or have declined to exercise, jurisdiction. § 61.133, Fla. Stat. (1987). Since the UCCJA has been adopted by most American jurisdictions, this provision is in force virtually nationwide. It thus binds not only the courts of Florida, but also the courts of every other state that has adopted the UCCJA.

The UCCJA further provides:

A court which has jurisdiction under this act to make an initial or modification decree may decline to exercise its jurisdiction any time before making a decree if it finds that it is an inconvenient forum to make a custody determination under the circumstances of the case and that a court of another state is a more appropriate forum.

§ 61.1316(1), Fla. Stat. (1987). This provision thus codifies and strengthens the longstanding judicial doctrine of inconvenient forum.

Finally, the UCCJA itself is subject to a separate federal statute, the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act (PKPA), which provides in pertinent part:

(c) A child custody determination made by a court of a State is consistent with the provisions of this section only if —
(1) such court has jurisdiction under the law of such State; and
(2) one of the following conditions is met:
(A) such State (i) is the home State of the child on the date of the commencement of the proceeding. .. .
... .
(d) The jurisdiction of a court of a State which has made a child custody determination consistently with the provisions of this section continues as long as the requirement of subsection (c)(1) of this section continues to be met and such State remains the residence of the child or of any contestant.

28 U.S.C. § 1738A (1987). Under the supremacy clause of the Constitution, the PKPA supersedes any and all inconsistent state laws. Thompson v. Thompson, 484 U.S. 174, 108 S.Ct. 513, 98 L.Ed.2d 512 (1988).

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
572 So. 2d 1327, 1990 WL 172775, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/yurgel-v-yurgel-fla-1990.