Yates v. Hanna Min. Co., Inc.

365 N.W.2d 783, 1985 Minn. App. LEXIS 4019
CourtCourt of Appeals of Minnesota
DecidedApril 9, 1985
DocketC7-84-1073
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 365 N.W.2d 783 (Yates v. Hanna Min. Co., Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Minnesota primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Yates v. Hanna Min. Co., Inc., 365 N.W.2d 783, 1985 Minn. App. LEXIS 4019 (Mich. Ct. App. 1985).

Opinions

OPINION

HUSPENI, Judge.

This is a slip and fall case. Appellant Wiley Yates (Yates) appeals the court’s denial of his motions for new trial and for judgment n.o.v. He contends that the court erred by refusing him the opportunity to comment on jury instructions and by submitting misleading instructions to the jury. Respondent Mathews Engineering (Mathews) filed a notice of review contesting a jury instruction that it had a nondele-gable duty to provide Yates with a safe work area and contesting denial of its motion for directed verdict against Hanna Mining (Hanna). We reverse and remand.

FACTS

On March 7, 1977, Yates slipped and fell in a puddle while working at a taconite plant owned by Hanna. He was on the premises as an employee of Mathews which was hired to repair and install some equipment. Yates sued Hanna for his injuries. He was receiving workers’ compensation and did not bring an action against Mathews. Hanna sued Mathews for indemnity and contribution. Each party presented evidence to indicate the fault of the other two.

Hanna’s contract with Mathews required the former to “maintain a proper working environment.” From time to time, Hanna employees inspected and washed down floors to remove taconite silt. Sometimes the silt accumulated in puddles to create a slippery film. It is uncontested that Yates fell in one of these slippery puddles. The particular spot where he fell was prone to collect silt because of poor drainage. The puddle extended from wall to wall in an [785]*785area where Mathews employees worked. Therefore, Yates argued that Hanna was negligent.

A Mathews employee testified that Yates’ foreman, Horvath, knew about the hazardous puddle. Horvath denied knowing that the puddle was slippery until Yates fell. Horvath never requested Hanna to clean up puddles in the area where Mathews employees worked. This testimony tended to show negligence on the part of Mathews.

Prior to Yates’ fall, there was no record of falls in that particular spot or in the entire plant. However, a Mathews employee had slipped in the same spot when he walked fast. Mathews employees had been working in the vicinity of the puddle all day before the afternoon of the fall. Horvath estimated that he personally went through the puddle perhaps 16 times without incident. He testified that Yates may have been through the puddle before falling also. There was a railing in the area where Yates fell. There also may have been less convenient but alternative routes around the puddle. Testimony regarding these facts tended to show that Yates himself was negligent.

Prior to closing argument, counsel for all parties met in chambers with the trial court. The court repeatedly admonished Yates’ counsel that it would be improper to tell the jury about the legal effect of their findings. The only reason the court gave for limiting comment was its belief and its practice in the past of not allowing comment on the legal effects of the jury’s findings. The court allowed counsel only to “paraphrase” the comparative fault instruction to the jury.

In closing argument, Yates’ attorney emphasized “that Hanna Mining Company’s negligence was the sole cause of this accident.” He complied with the court’s admonition by not commenting on the court’s comparative fault instruction. The court instructed on comparative fault as follows:

You are instructed that [Yates] may not recover from a defendant when the plaintiff Wiley Yates’ fault is as great as or greater than the fault of that individual defendant.1

The jury allocated fault to all three parties: Hanna 20%, Mathews 45%, and Yates 35%. Because his negligence exceeded Hanna’s, Yates did not recover against that defendant.2 Because he collected workers’ compensation benefits from his employer, Yates did not recover from Mathews.3 The jury found damages of $365,000.

Issues

1. Did the court unduly restrict plaintiff’s counsel from commenting on apportionment of fault during closing argument?

2. Did the court properly instruct the jury that Mathews Engineering had a non-delegable duty to provide a safe working environment for its employees?

3. Did the court properly deny Mathews Engineering’s motion for directed verdict against Hanna Mining?

Analysis

1. A. Generally the jury may be made aware of the legal impact of apportioning fault under Minn.Stat. § 604.01:

the court shall inform the jury of the effect of its answers to the percentage of negligence question and shall permit counsel to comment thereon, unless the court is of the opinion that doubtful or unresolved questions of law, or complex issues of law or fact are involved, which may render such instruction or comment erroneous, misleading or confusing to the jury.

Minn.R.Civ.P. 49.01(2).

This court has had occasion recently to construe this rule. In Christopherson v. [786]*786Ind. Sch. Dist. 284, 354 N.W.2d 845 (Minn.Ct.App.1984), we reviewed a trial court order that prevented attorneys from arguing the effects of comparative fault to the jury. The jury allocated fault 50% to the plaintiff, 40% to one defendant, and 10% to another defendant. In reversing and remanding for new trial, the court stated:

Counsel should have been permitted to comment upon the effect of the jury’s answers to the percentage of fault question. The trial court’s instruction that contributory fault would not bar appellants from recovery ‘if the contributory fault was not greater than the fault of the person against whom recovery is sought’ was inadequate. Without further explanation, the jury could easily have believed their verdict allowed appellant to recover half of their damages.

Christopherson, 354 N.W.2d at 848.

The present multi-party case is analogous to Christopherson. Yates sought to explain the meaning of comparative fault to the jury through the use of hypothetical examples in final argument. This is an acceptable practice. 4 J. Hetland & 0. Adamson, Minnesota Practice, Minnesota Jury Instruction Guides 130 (1974). The trial court denied Yates proper final argument. That denial deprived Yates of an opportunity to comment meaningfully on the court’s comparative fault instruction. That was reversible error.

Yates also sought to focus the jury’s attention on the fact that he could recover from Hanna but not from Mathews. The trial court refused to allow any comment to that effect. The extent to which an employee may tell the jury that he cannot recover from his employer in third-party actions involving workers’ compensation is controversial. The Minnesota Supreme Court has indicated that it is error to disclose to a jury the fact that an employee has received workers’ compensation. Lee v. Crookston Coca-Cola Bottling Co., 290 Minn. 321, 188 N.W.2d 426 (1971). Further, the court has addressed the presence of an employer as a party in an employee’s action against other defendants. In Cambern v. Sioux Tools, Inc., 323 N.W.2d 795

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Yates v. Hanna Min. Co., Inc.
365 N.W.2d 783 (Court of Appeals of Minnesota, 1985)

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Bluebook (online)
365 N.W.2d 783, 1985 Minn. App. LEXIS 4019, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/yates-v-hanna-min-co-inc-minnctapp-1985.