Yale-New Haven Hosp. v. Nicholls

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedJune 4, 2015
Docket13-4725-cv
StatusPublished

This text of Yale-New Haven Hosp. v. Nicholls (Yale-New Haven Hosp. v. Nicholls) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Yale-New Haven Hosp. v. Nicholls, (2d Cir. 2015).

Opinion

13‐4725‐cv Yale‐New Haven Hosp. v. Nicholls

1 In the 2 United States Court of Appeals 3 For the Second Circuit 4 5 August Term, 2014 6 No. 13‐4725‐cv

7 YALE‐NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL, 8 Interpleader‐Plaintiff,

9 v.

10 CLAIRE M. NICHOLLS, 11 Defendant‐Cross‐Defendant‐Appellee,

12 v.

13 BARBARA NICHOLLS, 14 Defendant‐Cross‐Claimant‐Appellant. 15

16 Appeal from the United States District Court 17 for the District of Connecticut. 18 No. 3:12‐cv‐01319 ― Warren W. Eginton, Judge. 19

 The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to amend the official caption to conform with the above.

YALE‐NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL V. NICHOLLS 1 2 ARGUED: OCTOBER 16, 2014 3 DECIDED: JUNE 4, 2015 4 5 6 Before: KEARSE, STRAUB and WESLEY, Circuit Judges. 7

8 Appeal from an order of the United States District Court for 9 the District of Connecticut (Warren W. Eginton, Judge), granting 10 Claire Nicholls’s motion for summary judgment and denying 11 Barbara Nicholls’s motion for summary judgment. We hold that the 12 posthumous nunc pro tunc domestic relations orders constitute valid 13 “qualified domestic relations orders” that properly assign plan 14 funds to Claire Nicholls with respect to the three retirement and 15 pension plans specified therein, but that they have no such effect on 16 a fourth plan not so specified. Accordingly, we AFFIRM in part and 17 REVERSE in part the judgment of the District Court. 18 19 Judge WESLEY concurs in part and dissents in part, in a 20 separate opinion. 21 22 23 KENNETH VOTRE, Votre & Associates, P.C., East 24 Haven, CT, for Barbara Nicholls.

25 SUSAN E. NUGENT, Murphy & Nugent, LLC, New 26 Haven, CT, for Claire M. Nicholls. 27

‐2‐

YALE‐NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL V. NICHOLLS 1 STRAUB, Circuit Judge:

2 Yale‐New Haven Hospital brought this interpleader action

3 pursuant to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974

4 (“ERISA”), 29 U.S.C. § 1001 et seq., to resolve competing claims by

5 Barbara Nicholls and Claire Nicholls to certain funds held in the

6 four retirement and pension plans of the late Harold Nicholls.

7 Barbara Nicholls, the surviving spouse of Mr. Nicholls, argues that

8 the funds are payable to her because she is the named beneficiary in

9 the plan documents. Claire Nicholls, the former spouse of

10 Mr. Nicholls, contends that a portion of those funds are instead

11 payable to her. She argues that three state court orders—her divorce

12 settlement agreement and two nunc pro tunc orders entered after

13 Mr. Nicholls’s death—constitute qualified domestic relations orders

14 (“QDROs”) within the meaning of ERISA and thus validly assign

15 those funds to her. The District Court granted summary judgment

16 in favor of Claire Nicholls on the ground that the divorce settlement

‐3‐

YALE‐NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL V. NICHOLLS 1 agreement constitutes a QDRO applicable to all four retirement

2 plans.

3 We find that the divorce settlement agreement does not

4 constitute a QDRO because the agreement fails to comply with the

5 requirements of 29 U.S.C. § 1056(d)(3)(C). We conclude, however,

6 that the nunc pro tunc orders constitute valid QDROs that assign

7 funds to Claire Nicholls from the three retirement and pension plans

8 named in the orders. But because the nunc pro tunc orders do not

9 clearly specify the fourth plan, we conclude that the orders do not

10 assign funds from that plan to Claire Nicholls. We therefore affirm

11 the judgment of the District Court with respect to the three plans

12 specified in the nunc pro tunc orders, and reverse the judgment as to

13 the fourth plan.

14 BACKGROUND

15 At issue here is whether the domestic relations orders

16 identified by Claire Nicholls constitute “qualified domestic relations

17 orders” within the meaning of ERISA. Unless they are QDROs, the

‐4‐

YALE‐NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL V. NICHOLLS 1 orders cannot compel the transfer of funds from Mr. Nicholls’s

2 retirement and pension plans to Claire Nicholls. Generally, ERISA

3 precludes the assignment or alienation of benefits under covered

4 plans, 29 U.S.C. § 1056(d)(1), and preempts state laws that “relate to”

5 employee benefits plans, id. § 1144(a). However, ERISA’s anti‐

6 assignment and ‐alienation provisions do not apply to, and ERISA

7 does not preempt, “qualified domestic relations orders.” Id.

8 §§ 1056(d)(3)(A), 1144(b)(7); see also Boggs v. Boggs, 520 U.S. 833, 846–

9 47 (1997).

10 A. Qualified Domestic Relations Orders

11 The exception of QDROs from ERISA’s alienation and

12 preemption provisions was a product of the Retirement Equity Act

13 of 1984 (“REA”), which took effect for relevant purposes on January

14 1, 1985. See Pub. L. No. 98–397, 98 Stat. 1426 (1984). Prior to the

15 REA, ERISA had the unintended effect of “disturbing interests and

16 expectations” in state‐court matrimonial disputes, in which

‐5‐

YALE‐NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL V. NICHOLLS 1 employment benefits were commonly at issue. Metro. Life Ins. Co. v.

2 Bigelow, 283 F.3d 436, 441 (2d Cir. 2002). One of the REA’s “central

3 purposes” was to protect “the spouse and dependent children in the

4 event of divorce or separation” and the “surviving spouse” in “the

5 event of death,” Boggs, 520 U.S. at 847, and the REA was thus

6 designed to give effect to divorce decrees and related state‐court

7 orders insofar as they pertained to ERISA‐regulated plans, see

8 Bigelow, 283 F.3d at 441.

9 The REA defines a QDRO as a domestic relations order that

10 “creates or recognizes the existence of an alternate payee’s right to,

11 or assigns to an alternate payee the right to, receive all or a portion

12 of the benefits payable with respect to a participant under a plan

13 . . . .”1 29 U.S.C. § 1056(d)(3)(B)(i)(I). In order to qualify as a QDRO,

1 “The term ‘alternate payee’ means any spouse, former spouse, child, or other dependent of a participant who is recognized by a domestic relations order as having a right to receive all, or a portion of, the benefits payable under a plan with respect to such participant.” 29 U.S.C. § 1056(d)(3)(K).

‐6‐

YALE‐NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL V. NICHOLLS 1 a domestic relations order must also meet several other

2 requirements. As is relevant here:

3 (C) A domestic relations order meets the requirements 4 of this subparagraph only if such order clearly 5 specifies— 6 (i) the name and the last known mailing address 7 (if any) of the participant and the name and 8 mailing address of each alternate payee covered 9 by the order, 10 (ii) the amount or percentage of the participant’s 11 benefits to be paid by the plan to each such 12 alternate payee, or the manner in which such 13 amount or percentage is to be determined, 14 (iii) the number of payments or period to which 15 such order applies, and

16 (iv) each plan to which such order applies.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Conkright v. Frommert
559 U.S. 506 (Supreme Court, 2010)
Rivers v. Central & South West Corp.
186 F.3d 681 (Fifth Circuit, 1999)
Kamen v. Kemper Financial Services, Inc.
500 U.S. 90 (Supreme Court, 1991)
Boggs v. Boggs
520 U.S. 833 (Supreme Court, 1997)
Carmona v. Carmona
603 F.3d 1041 (Ninth Circuit, 2010)
Patton v. Denver Post Corp.
326 F.3d 1148 (Tenth Circuit, 2003)
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company v. Tracy Bigelow
283 F.3d 436 (Second Circuit, 2002)
United States v. Greer
285 F.3d 158 (Second Circuit, 2002)
Beverly Jean Hogan v. Raytheon, Co.
302 F.3d 854 (Eighth Circuit, 2002)
Hankins v. Lyght
441 F.3d 96 (Second Circuit, 2006)
Singleton v. Singleton
290 F. Supp. 2d 767 (W.D. Kentucky, 2003)
Files v. Exxonmobil Pension Plan
428 F.3d 478 (Third Circuit, 2005)
Langston v. Wilson McShane Corp.
828 N.W.2d 109 (Supreme Court of Minnesota, 2013)
Markut v. Verizon New York Inc.
758 F.3d 202 (Second Circuit, 2014)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
Yale-New Haven Hosp. v. Nicholls, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/yale-new-haven-hosp-v-nicholls-ca2-2015.