XL Specialty Ins. Co. v. Knox, LLC
Opinion
15‐495 XL Specialty Ins. Co. v. Knox, LLC
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007 IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURTʹS LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ʺSUMMARY ORDERʺ). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 8th day of December, two thousand fifteen.
PRESENT: ROBERT D. SACK, DENNY CHIN,
RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
Circuit Judges.
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XL SPECIALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff‐Counter‐Defendant‐Appellee,
v.
JOHN R. LAKIAN, DIANE W. LAMM, Defendants‐Appellees,
KOBRE & KIM LLP, 15‐495 Defendant‐Counter‐Claimant‐Appellee,
MERRILL COMMUNICATIONS, EISEMAN LEVINE LEHRHAUPT & KAKOYIANNIS, P.C., BRIEF CARMEN & KLEIMAN, LLP, Intervenors‐Appellees,
v.
KNOX, LLC, dba Knox, LLC of New York, DJW ADVISORS, LLC, Intervenors‐Appellants.
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FOR INTERVENORS‐APPELLANTS: HOWARD S. BONFIELD, Philip M. Halpern, Collier, Halpern, Newberg & Nolletti, LLP, White Plains, New York.
FOR PLAINTIFF‐COUNTER‐ DAVID H. TOPOL, Leland H. Jones IV, Wiley DEFENDANT‐APPELLEE XL Rein LLP, Washington, D.C., and Jonathan A. SPECIALTY INSURANCE CO.: Wexler, Vedder Price P.C., New York, New York.
DEFENDANTS‐APPELLEES JOHN R. BRIAN J. OSIAS, Kelly A. Lloyd, McCarter & LAKIAN & DIANE W. LAMM: English LLP, Newark, New Jersey.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Torres, J.).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the order of the district court is REVERSED, and the case is REMANDED for further proceedings.
Appellants Knox, LLC (ʺKnoxʺ), and DJW Advisors, LLC (ʺDJWʺ), appeal from a January 15, 2015 memorandum and order of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York denying their motion to intervene as of right or by permission in an interpleader action filed by plaintiff‐appellee XL Specialty Insurance Co. (ʺXLʺ). Knox and DJW contend, inter alia, that the district court erred by concluding
that under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24(a)(2) they do not have a direct, substantial, and legally protectable interest in XLʹs insurance payouts that are the subject of the interpleader action. We assume the partiesʹ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.
In February 2011, Knox purchased $2 million in shares and DJW purchased $50,000 in shares of Capital L Group, LLC (ʺCapital Lʺ), a financial services company, allegedly after CEO John R. Lakian and COO Diane W. Lamm represented that the investments would further Capital Lʹs business operations. Instead, Lakian and Lamm allegedly diverted those funds for their personal gain.
On May 31, 2012, Knox and DJW sued Capital L, Lakian, and Lamm in New York state court. Though Lakian and Lamm defended the action, Capital L defaulted by failing to answer or appear, and on March 27, 2014, the state court entered judgment for Knox and DJW against Capital L in the amounts of $2,573,918.63 and $64,566.10, respectively.
Prior to the state court action, Capital L, Lakian, and Lamm had purchased a financial services liability policy from XL for the period from November 11, 2011, to November 11, 2012 (the ʺPolicyʺ). The Policy includes a $3 million liability limit and provides that XL ʺshall pay on behalf of the Insured Persons Loss resulting from Claims first made against the Insured Persons during the Policy Period.ʺ App. at 70.
The Policy defines ʺʹLossʹʺ as ʺdamages, judgments, settlements or other amounts . . . and Defense Expensesʺ in excess of the insurance deductible. Id. at 48.
On July 14, 2014, XL filed the instant interpleader action against Lakian, Lamm, and their attorneys, alleging that it was potentially subject to inconsistent obligations that exceeded the remaining $1,372,596.10 payable under the Policy. Those obligations included Lakianʹs and Lammʹs expenses and fees from defending the state court action. On September 8, 2014, Knox and DJW moved to intervene, contending that they had a legally protectable interest in XLʹs insurance payouts because they had obtained a judgment against one of the insured persons, namely Capital L.
The district court disagreed. In its January 15, 2015 memorandum and order, the district court concluded that Knox and DJW had not claimed a legally protectable interest in the interpleaded insurance proceeds, as required by Rule 24(a)(2), because their judgment against Capital L was not covered by the Policy. The district court reached that conclusion only after determining that Capital Lʹs failure to appear in state court gave rise to ʺmultiple and material breachesʺ of the Policy that were sufficient to vitiate coverage of the subsequent judgment. Id. at 218. That determination was premature, and we therefore reverse.
We review a district courtʹs denial of a motion to intervene for abuse of discretion. Floyd v. City of New York, 770 F.3d 1051, 1057 (2d Cir. 2014). Under Rule 24(a)(2), the district court must permit a party to intervene if it establishes that ʺ(1) the
motion is timely; (2) the applicant asserts an interest relating to the property or transaction that is the subject of the action; (3) the applicant is so situated that without intervention, disposition of the action may, as a practical matter, impair or impede the applicantʹs ability to protect its interest; and (4) the applicantʹs interest is not adequately represented by the other parties.ʺ MasterCard Intʹl Inc. v. Visa Intʹl Serv. Assʹn, Inc., 471 F.3d 377, 389 (2d Cir. 2006). We require for intervention that the ʺinterest be direct, substantial, and legally protectable.ʺ Wash. Elec. Co‐op., Inc. v. Mass. Mun. Wholesale Elec. Co., 922 F.2d 92, 97 (2d Cir. 1990).
This test, however, is ʺone of inclusion rather than exclusion.ʺ 7C Charles Alan Wright et al., Federal Practice & Procedure § 1908.1, at 309 (3d ed. 2007). ʺ[E]xcept for allegations frivolous on their face, an application to intervene cannot be resolved by reference to the ultimate merits of the claims which the intervenor wishes to assert following intervention . . . .ʺ Oneida Indian Nation of Wisc. v. State of New York, 732 F.2d 261, 265 (2d Cir. 1984). We have thus found that a defense to an intervenorʹs claims ʺcarries no weight in the determination of whether an interest is sufficient for intervention under Rule 24(a).ʺ Brennan v. N.Y.C. Bd. of Educ., 260 F.3d 123, 129‐30 (2d Cir. 2001).
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