Xin Tao v. Ryan Murphy, et al.

• Court: District Court, D. Nevada
• Decided: October 28, 2025
• Docket: 2:25-cv-00149
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 3 Xin Tao, Case No. 2:25-cv-00149-JAD-MDC

4 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART MOTION TO EXEND 5 vs. TIME AND FOR SERVICE BY 6 Ryan Murphy, et al., ALTERNATIVE MEANS (ECF NO. 33)

7 Defendants. 8 Plaintiff filed a Motion to Extend Time and for Service by Alternative Means (“Motion”) (ECF 9 No. 33). The Court GRANTS the Motion regarding plaintiff’s request for an extension of time to serve 10 defendant Ryan Murphy (“Murphy”) and plaintiff’s request for alternative service by email to 11 socalmurph@gmail.com and by text message to a phone number ending in 5562. The Court DENIES 12 without prejudice the Motion regarding plaintiff’s request for alternative service by certified mail to two 13 UPS store addresses. 14 I. BACKGROUND 15 This is a case removed from state court arising out of an alleged breach in a rental agreement 16 ECF No. 1-2. Plaintiff filed a Motion for Service by Publication or Alternative Means (ECF No. 21) 17 requesting an extension in time to properly serve to Murphy and requesting alternative service to 18 Murphy by email or publication. The Court denied plaintiff’s requested relief because plaintiff failed to 19 show good cause and excusable neglect for an extension. See ECF No. 24. The Court also found that 20 plaintiff failed to show that service by email or publication is reasonably calculated to give Murphy 21 notice of the action. Id. Plaintiff refiled the motion seeking an extension of time to serve Murphy and 22 alternative service to Murphy by email and certified mail. ECF No. 25. The Court granted plaintiff’s 23 request to extend time to serve Murphy but again denied plaintiff’s request for alternative service. ECF 24 No. 31. The Court ordered plaintiff to conduct a skip trace to locate and serve Murphy. See id. Plaintiff 25 1 1 did so. See ECF No. 33-6. Plaintiff now files this Motion as Murphy still has not been located and 2 properly served. 3 II. DISCUSSION 4 a. General Legal Principles 5 “[T]he Constitution does not require any particular means of service of process.” Rio Props. v. 6 Rio Int'l Interlink, 284 F.3d 1007, 1017 (9th Cir. 2002) (citing Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & 7 Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314, 70 S. Ct. 652, 94 L. Ed. 865 (1950)). Instead, it only requires that service 8 “be reasonably calculated to provide notice and an opportunity to respond.” Id. Service is governed by 9 Federal Rule 4. Federal Rule 4(e)(1) provides that an individual within a judicial district of the United 10 States may be served by "following state law for serving a summons in an action brought in courts of 11 general jurisdiction in the state where the district court is located or where service is made." Fed. R. Civ. 12 P. 4(e)(1). 13 Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure (Nevada Rule) 4.4 governs methods of alternative service. It 14 provides that:

15 (1) If a party demonstrates that the service methods provided in Rules 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4(a) are impracticable, the court may, upon motion and without notice to the person being 16 served, direct that service be accomplished through any alternative service method. (2) A motion seeking an order for alternative service must: (A) provide affidavits, declarations, 17 or other evidence setting forth specific facts demonstrating: (i) the due diligence that was 18 undertaken to locate and serve the defendant; and (ii) the defendant’s known, or last- known, contact information, including the defendant’s address, phone numbers, email 19 addresses, social media accounts, or any other information used to communicate with the defendant; and (B) state the proposed alternative service method and why it comports 20 with due process. 21 Nev. R. Civ. P. 4.4(b)(1), (2). When showing that service in impracticable “a litigant need not have 22 exhausted every feasible service option before petitioning the court for service by ‘other means.’” 23 Neumont University, LLC v. Nickles, 304 F.R.D. 594, 599 (D. Nev. 2015). 24 25 2 1 The Ninth Circuit and the Nevada Rules permit service to be completed through email and 2 certified mail. See Nev. R. Civ. P. 4.4(d) (“In addition to any other service method, the court may order 3 a plaintiff to make reasonable efforts to provide additional notice of the commencement of the action to 4 a defendant using other methods of notice, including certified mail …email… or any other method of 5 communication.”). 6 Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (Federal Rule) 4(m), defendant(s) must be served 7 within 90-days after the complaint is filed. Failure to do so is cause for dismissal without prejudice. Fed. 8 R. Civ. P. 4(m). However, “if the plaintiff shows good cause for the failure, the court must extend the 9 time for service for an appropriate period.” Id. Courts have broad discretion to extend time for service 10 under Rule 4(m). Efaw v. Williams, 473 D.3d 1038, 1041 (9th Cir. 2003). The Supreme Court has stated 11 that the 90-day time period for service contained in Rule 4(m) “operates not as an outer limit subject to 12 reduction, but as an irreducible allowance.” Henderson v. United States, 517 U.S. 654, 661, 116 S. Ct. 13 1638, 134 L. Ed. 2d 880 (1996). 14 b. Plaintiff Has Shown Good Cause For An Extension Of Time 15 Plaintiff argues for a 60-day extension of time to attempt service on Murphy. ECF No. 33 at 3. 16 Generally, “good cause” is equated with diligence. See Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and 17 Procedure: Civil 3d § 1337. A showing of good cause requires more than inadvertence or mistake of 18 counsel. Townsel v. Contra costa Cnty., Cal., 820 F.2d 319, 320 (9th Cir. 1987). The Court finds that 19 plaintiff has shown good cause for an extension of time. The Court finds that plaintiff has shown good 20 cause for an extension of time. Plaintiff’s agent has attempted service at several addresses and plaintiff’s 21 attorney communicated with Murphy via email. ECF No. 33-1. Plaintiff also complied with the Court’s 22 Order (ECF No. 24) and found a physical address linked to Murphy through a skip trace. Id. Plaintiff’s 23 agent unsuccessfully attempted personal service to that physical address. Id. (explaining that service was 24 “unsuccessful given the address was ‘an Airbnb’ and Defendant Murphy was not residing there.”). With 25 3 1 good cause appearing, the Court grants plaintiff’s request for a 60-day extension of time in order to 2 properly serve Murphy. 3 b. Plaintiff Has Shown That Service By Email To Socalmurph@gmail.com and By 4 Text Message Is Proper 5 Plaintiff argues for alternative service to Murphy by email to socalmurph@gmail.com and by 6 cell phone text message to a number ending in 5562. See ECF No. 33 at 5; see also ECF No. 33-1 at 2. 7 The email and phone number were found in the skip trace. ECF No. 33-6. 8 As stated above, plaintiff has put forth evidence that he has attempted personal service at several 9 addresses linked with Murphy through his agent and conducted a skip trace. See ECF Nos. 33-1; 33-2; 10 33-3; 33-4; 33-5; 33-6; 33-7. As plaintiff cannot find where Murphy currently resides despite his efforts 11 and there is no applicable statute prescribing a specific method of service, the Court finds that service 12 under Nevada Rules 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4(a) is impracticable here. See PlayUp, Inc. v. Mintas, No. 2:21-cv- 13 02129-GMN-NJK, 2021 WL 5988539, at *2 (D. Nev. Dec. 16, 2021) (finding that service under Nevada 14 Rules 4.1, 4.3, and 4.4(a) is impracticable when plaintiff attempted multiple times to serve defendant at 15 defendant’s last known address and attempted to communicate with defendant via email but does not 16 know where defendant currently resides and no applicable statute prescribing a method of service 17 exists). The Court additionally finds that plaintiff illustrated due diligence in attempting to locate 18 Murphy based on the efforts above. See Nev. R. Civ. Pro. 4.4(b)(2)(A). 19 Plaintiff provides Murphy last known address found in the skip trace. ECF No. 33-6 at 2. 20 Plaintiff also provides an email addresses and a cell phone number found in the skip trace that Murphy 21 used to communicate with plaintiff. Id.; ECF Nos. 33-1 at 2. The Court therefore finds that plaintiff 22 provides sufficient evidence of defendant's known, or last known, contact information. 23 Service by email to Socalmurph@gmail.com comports with due process. An alternative method 24 of service comports with due process so long as it is “reasonably calculated, under all the circumstances, 25 4 1 to apprise interested parties of the pendency of the action and afford them an opportunity to present their 2 objections.” Mullane v. Cent. Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314 (1950). The Court has 3 considerable discretion when determining whether alternative service should be permitted. See Rio 4 Props., Inc. v. Rio Int'l Interlink, 284 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2002). Here, plaintiff shows that Murphy 5 used the email address as recently as January 15, 2025, to communicate with plaintiff and that this 6 address was found in the skip trace. ECF No. 33-3 at 2-3; ECF No. 33-6. In a Declaration, plaintiff’s 7 attorney also notes that he sent an email to Socalmurph@gmail.com on March 31, 2025. ECF No. 33-1 8 at 2. While Murphy did not respond, plaintiff’s attorney email did not get rejected or get returned as 9 undelivered. Id. The Court finds that Murphy actively receives messages at this address. Therefore, 10 plaintiff sufficiently demonstrates that serving Murphy by email to Socalmurph@gmail.com is 11 reasonably calculated to give Murphy notice and an opportunity to respond. See Fed. Trade Comm'n v. 12 EMP Media, Inc., No. 2:18–cv–00035–APG–NJK, 2018 WL 664796, at *3 (D. Nev. February 1, 2018) 13 (stating that service to email addresses was proper when defendant recently used those email addresses 14 to communicate and receive information); see also PlayUp, 2021 WL 5988539, at *2 (granting service 15 to an email address when plaintiff provided evidence that defendant recently used that email address to 16 send and receive information and plaintiff showed that emails to that address did not get returned as 17 undeliverable). 18 Service by text message to the phone number ending in 5562 also comports with due process. 19 Plaintiff’s attorney states that this phone number was used by defendant to message plaintiff shortly 20 before the filing of this lawsuit in December 2024. ECF No. 33-1 at 2. As stated above, this phone 21 number was also identified in the skip trace. ECF No. 33-6. The Court finds that plaintiff actively 22 receives messages at this number. Other courts have also approved the use of text messages to serve a 23 defendant when plaintiff also plans to serve the defendant by email. See Google LLC v. Does 1-3, No. 24 23-cv-05823-VKD, 2023 WL 8851619 (N.D. Cal. December 23, 2023) (granting service by text to 25 5 1 phone numbers when plaintiff showed that defendants has used the phone numbers and plaintiff also 2 plans to serve defendants by email); see also United States v. Fleming, No. 20-CV-1109, 2021 WL 3 1036075, at *1 (S.D. Ill. Mar. 11, 2021) (authorizing service by email and text message). Plaintiff 4 sufficiently demonstrates that serving Murphy by text message to a phone number ending in 5562 is 5 reasonably calculated to give Murphy notice and an opportunity to respond. 6 c. Plaintiff Has Not Shown That Service By Certified Mail To Two UPS Store 7 Addresses Comports With Due Process At This Time 8 Plaintiff also argues for alternative service by certified mail to a Carmel, California address and a 9 Temecula, California address. ECF No. 33 at 5; see also ECF Nos. 33-2, 33-5. Plaintiff claims that these 10 are “UPS Store addresses for Defendant Murphy[.]”. ECF No. 33. There are concerns over this proposal. 11 Plaintiff shows that personal service was unsuccessfully attempted at the Carmel, California address on 12 December 2024 and at the Temecula, California address on August 2025. ECF Nos. 33-2, 33-5. 13 However, plaintiff provides no further evidence that Murphy still uses or has used these UPS store 14 addresses to receive mail and the Court finds none. See ECF No. 31 at 5-6 (denying plaintiff’s prior 15 request for service by certified mail to the Carmel, California address because plaintiff only provided the 16 unsuccessful December 2024 service attempt to show that Murphy uses that address to receive mail). 17 Plaintiff has not sufficiently shown that service to these addresses is reasonably calculated to give 18 Murphy notice and an opportunity to respond. Therefore, the Court cannot grant alternative service 19 through certified mail to either UPS store address at this time. 20 III. CONCLUSION 21 The Court grants the Motion regarding the plaintiff’s requests for a 60-day extension of time and 22 service by email and phone number. However, the Court denies without prejudice plaintiff’s request for 23 service by certified mail. 24 // 25 6 1 ACCORDINGLY, 2 IT IS ORDERED that: 3 1. The Motion to Extend Time and for Service by Alternative Means (ECF No. 33) is GRANTED regarding plaintiff’s request for an extension of time to serve Murphy. Plaintiff ° must file proof of service by December 29, 2025. ° 2. The Motion is GRANTED regarding plaintiff’s request for service by email to socalmurph@gmail.com and by text message to the phone number ending in 5562. 3. The Motion is DENIED without prejudice regarding plaintiff’s request for service by certified mail to two UPS store addresses. 10 11 DATED: October 28, 2025

Hof Maxinfilia ‘oD. Couvillier I 14 United Magistrate Judge 15 NOTICE 16 Pursuant to Local Rules IB 3-1 and IB 3-2, a party may object to orders and reports and 17 recommendations issued by the magistrate judge. Objections must be in writing and filed with the Clerk 18 || of the Court within fourteen days. LR IB 3-1, 3-2. The Supreme Court has held that the courts of appeal 19 || may determine that an appeal has been waived due to the failure to file objections within the specified 20 || time. Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 142 (1985). This circuit has also held that (1) failure to file 21 || objections within the specified time and (2) failure to properly address and brief the objectionable issues 22 || waives the right to appeal the District Court's order and/or appeal factual issues from the order of the 23 || District Court. Martinez v. Yist, 951 F.2d 1153, 1157 (9th Cir. 1991); Britt v. Simi Valley United Sch. 24 || Dist., 708 F.2d 452, 454 (9th Cir. 1983). Pursuant to LR JA 3-1, the plaintiff must immediately file 25

1 written notification with the court of any change of address. The notification must include proof of 2 service upon each opposing party’s attorney, or upon the opposing party if the party is unrepresented by 3 counsel. Failure to comply with this rule may result in dismissal of the action. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 8