Wright, Tracy v. Joshua Cooper, d/b/a J&K Improvements

2021 TN WC 259
Tennessee Court of Workers' Compensation Claims·Decided December 21, 2021·No. 2019-04-0270·Published

Opinion

FILED Dec 21, 2021 07:48 AM(CT) TENNESSEE COURT OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIMS

TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION IN THE COURT OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CLAIMS AT COOKEVILLE

TRACY WRIGHT, ) Docket No. 2019-04-0270 Employee, ) v. ) State File No. 66044-2020 JOSHUA COOPER, d/b/a ) J&K IMPROVEMENTS, ) Judge Robert Durham Uninsured Employer. )

COMPENSATION HEARING ORDER GRANTING BENEFITS

At a December 7, 2021Compensation Hearing, the Court considered Tracy Wright’s claim for medical, temporary disability, and permanent partial disability benefits. The employer, Joshua Cooper, d/b/a J&K Improvements, did not attend the hearing. The determinative issue was whether Mr. Wright was an employee or an independent contractor. The Court holds that Mr. Wright was Mr. Cooper’s employee and awards medical, temporary total disability, and permanent partial disability benefits.

History of Claim

Mr. Wright, a Tennessee resident, began working as a roofer with Mr. Cooper on May 18, 2020. He testified that he was hired as an employee and worked as a lead carpenter. In support of his claimed employee status, Mr. Wright testified that Mr. Cooper transported him to and from work and paid him hourly wages at the end of each project. At the beginning of his employment, he worked forty hours per week at $14.00 per hour, and at the end of May, Mr. Cooper raised his pay to $16.00 per hour. He continued to work forty hours per week until his injury.

On August 28, Mr. Wright fell from a roof and landed feet-first on concrete. Mr. Cooper witnessed the accident. Two days later, Mr. Wright went to the emergency room, where providers diagnosed a left calcaneal fracture. Dr. Jon Simpson performed surgery to repair the fracture using a plate and screws. Mr. Cooper refused to provide benefits.

Mr. Wright filed a Petition for Benefit Determination on October 7, 2020. Because Mr. Cooper admitted he did not have workers’ compensation insurance, a

1 Bureau compliance specialist investigated the case, including Mr. Wright’s employment status.

During the investigation, Mr. Cooper asserted that he did not have any employees, and he did all the work for JK Improvements himself. To the contrary, Mr. Wright stated that Mr. Cooper hired him as “lead carpenter.” A co-worker corroborated this information to the investigator. Mr. Wright also told the specialist that Mr. Cooper controlled the conduct of the work, retained the right to hire and fire workers, scheduled the working hours, and furnished tools and equipment. However, Mr. Wright was able to offer his services to others when not employed by Mr. Cooper.

Regarding treatment of his injury, Dr. Simpson followed Mr. Wright after the surgery. According to Dr. Simpson’s records, Mr. Wright’s fracture healed satisfactorily, although he complained of continuing foot and ankle pain and swelling.

Dr. Simpson placed Mr. Wright at maximum medical improvement on January 7, 2021, and released him to return to work without restrictions. He stated later that Mr. Wright would have been “completely and totally unable” to work as a roofer before January 7.

Dr. Simpson prepared a C-32 Medical Report on July 15, 2021, to which he attached an extensive note outlining Mr. Wright’s course of treatment. Dr. Simpson observed that Mr. Wright’s fracture healed in a “good position although not perfect.” He further noted that Mr. Wright complained of significant residual pain in his foot with some “mild” limitations on motion that should improve over time. However, Mr. Wright asserted that he could not get back on a roof due to his foot pain.

Significantly, Dr. Simpson stated that he had not seen or recommended treatment for Mr. Wright since January 7. For this reason, he designated the date of his report, July 15, as Mr. Wright’s maximum medical improvement date. He did not assign any permanent restrictions and stated Mr. Wright could return to normal work activities. He also did not anticipate the need for further treatment other than possible “accommodative shoe wear.” Finally, he assigned a permanent anatomical impairment of five percent to the whole person under the AMA Guides, 6th edition.

During the hearing, Mr. Wright presented bills from Cumberland Medical Center, Covenant Medical Group, Walgreens, MedStream Anesthesia, Radiology Imaging Associates, Cookeville Regional Hospital, Tier One Institute, and Advanced Spine and Pain Center, which he represented were incurred for his injury. These charges include emergency room care, surgery and hospitalization, x-rays and other diagnostic exams, post-surgical visits and orthopedic supplies. The charges for these bills total $19,974.05.

Dr. Simpson did not see Mr. Wright after January 7, and the expenses from Tier

2 One, Advanced Spine and Pain Center and Cookeville Regional Hospital were all incurred after that date with no suggestion that Dr. Simpson recommended treatment at the stated providers. Further, Mr. Wright did not offer any records from those providers.

Finally, Mr. Wright testified that he continues to have significant problems with his foot. He suffers from pain, swelling, and limited range of motion that prevents him from working as a roofer. His injury also prevents him from doing any work that requires significant standing or walking, and he has only performed odd jobs since his injury. Mr. Cooper did not offer to return him to work after Dr. Simpson released him, and even if he had, he did not believe his injury would permit him to perform the work. Mr. Wright’s wife corroborated his limitations and lack of employment.

Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law

Mr. Wright has the burden of proving the essential elements of his workers’ compensation claim by a preponderance of the evidence. Scott v. Integrity Staffing Solutions, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 24, at *6 (Aug. 18, 2015).

Independent Contractor vs. Employee

The first issue is whether Mr. Wright was an independent contractor or employee on the date of injury. Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-102(12)(D)(i) (2021) lists the following factors for making this determination:

(a) The right to control the conduct of the work; (b) The right of termination; (c) The method of payment; (d) The freedom to select and hire helpers; (e) The furnishing of tools and equipment; (f) Self-scheduling of working hours; and (g) The freedom to offer services to other entities.

Mr. Wright testified he was Mr. Cooper’s employee, and Mr. Cooper did not offer any contrary testimony at trial. Mr. Wright also offered undisputed testimony that Mr. Cooper transported him to and from the jobsite and paid him by the hour upon completion of each job. He also told the compliance specialist during his investigation that Mr. Cooper hired him as lead carpenter and retained the right to control the work, scheduled the work hours, hired and fired workers, and provided tools and equipment. The only contrary evidence is Mr. Cooper’s statement to the investigator that he did not have any employees, and he did all the work himself. Under these facts, the Court holds Mr. Wright proved by a preponderance of the evidence that he was Mr. Cooper’s employee.

3 Application of the Workers’ Compensation Law

The Court also holds Mr. Cooper was subject to the Workers’ Compensation Law, regardless of the number of employees, because the uncontradicted evidence showed by a preponderance of the evidence that J&K Improvements was in the construction industry at the time of Mr. Wright’s accident. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-902(a). Thus, Mr. Cooper must provide Mr. Wright with any benefits for an injury causally related to Mr. Wright’s employment.

Causation

To prove causation, Mr.

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Wright, Tracy v. Joshua Cooper, d/b/a J&K Improvements, 2021 TN WC 259 (Tenn. Super. Ct. 2021).

2021 TN WC 259 (Wright, Tracy v. Joshua Cooper, d/b/a J&K Improvements) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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