Wowaka & Sons, Inc. v. Pardell

242 A.D.2d 1, 672 N.Y.S.2d 358, 1998 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 4649
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedApril 27, 1998
StatusPublished
Cited by256 cases

This text of 242 A.D.2d 1 (Wowaka & Sons, Inc. v. Pardell) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wowaka & Sons, Inc. v. Pardell, 242 A.D.2d 1, 672 N.Y.S.2d 358, 1998 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 4649 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Miller, J. P.

The instant appeals concern a dispute between a home improvement contractor and dissatisfied homeowners who terminated the contractor’s services prior to completion of the job. The precise issue at bar is whether the contractor is authorized to sue on the contract where the contract is not in strict compliance with the provisions of General Business Law article 36-A. For the reasons that follow we answer that question in the affirmative. General Business Law article 36-A does not provide that a contract which is not in strict compliance with all of its provisions is unenforceable.

I

The appellants owned a house in Poughkeepsie. They hired the respondent, a contractor, to perform significant renovations that essentially called for the demolition of much of the original structure and the erection of a substantially new dwelling.

[3]*3On or about November 1, 1993, the respondent submitted a detailed, written “preliminary proposal” pursuant to which the desired renovations would be performed at an estimated cost of $285,213.

The appellants evidently accepted the preliminary proposal on November 8, 1993. Notwithstanding that the proposal itself indicated that a final contract would be forthcoming, it appears that the parties treated the preliminary proposal as the contract. Accordingly, on or about November 9, 1993, the respondent tendered a schedule of payments reciting certain construction milestones and corresponding completion dates on which installment payments would be due. That schedule, signed by the homeowners, provided as follows:

“November 1993 20% Contract Acceptance. All
demolition. Removal of soil and trees to prep for
installation of footings and foundations. “February 1994 40% All rough framing. All exterior doors and windows. Exterior siding. “June 1994 25% Interior finishes, walls, floors, cabinets, and appliances. “September 1994 15% Upon acceptance. (C.O.).
“Please sign and date the original and return it. A copy is attached for you to keep.”

The history of the respondent’s performance is not outlined in the record. It appears that the respondent performed certain preliminary work prior to the signing of the contract and that the appellants paid $10,000 in October 1993. The contract was executed the following month. In accordance therewith, the plaintiff performed extensive work and the homeowners paid a total of $99,200 between October 1993 and August 1994.

It further appears that the contract was modified at least once and possibly twice. In April 1994, various items of additional construction caused the contract price to rise to $335,419. A new schedule of payments was also adopted pursuant to which the job was to be completed by March 1995. However, by June 1994 yet another schedule of payments was signed pursuant to which completion was pushed back to May 1995. By November 1994 various additional changes allegedly increased the contract price to $362,283. By letter dated December 21, 1994, the appellants terminated the respondent’s [4]*4services, citing the respondent’s inability “to deliver the project as per the contract”.

II

The respondent commenced the instant action in March 1995. Insofar as pertinent to this appeal, the complaint asserted two relevant causes of action against the appellants. As a first cause of action, the respondent alleged that it had entered into a written contract for work valued at $355,419. Alleging that the respondent completed 45% of the work due under the contract, the complaint asserted that the respondent was entitled to recover 45% of the contract price or $159,938.44 plus $6,864 for change orders and $4,397.45 for rough framing, for a total recovery of $171,200, less $99,200 paid on account, for a total of $72,000. As a second cause of action, the complaint alleged that the reasonable value of the work performed thus far was $171,200, of which $72,000 remained unpaid. Therefore, the second cause of action sought $72,000 in damages.

The appellants interposed an answer generally denying the allegations of the complaint. The answer set forth various affirmative defenses and counterclaims, including a first counterclaim that alleged that the $99,200 already paid exceeded the quantum meruit value of the work performed. Insofar as pertinent to this appeal, the first affirmative defense charged that the “alleged contract” between the parties was unenforceable by reason of the failure of the contract to comply with General Business Law § 771 (1) (b), (e), (f) and (h).

III

The respondent moved to dismiss certain of the appellants’ affirmative defenses and counterclaims, including the first affirmative defense. Insofar as relevant to this appeal, the respondent argued that noncompliance with the provisions of the General Business Law was not a valid ground for holding the contract to be unenforceable and that despite alleged violations of the disclosure and notice requirements of the statute, the respondent could still sue on the contract or for recovery in quantum meruit. The appellants cross-moved for summary judgment, in part, upon the ground that the contract was not enforceable due to its noncompliance with the disclosure requirements of General Business Law article 36-A.

The Supreme Court determined, inter alia, that the failure to strictly adhere to the notice provisions of General Business [5]*5Law § 771 did not bar a contractor’s recovery on the underlying contract or in quantum meruit. The court thus dismissed the appellants’ first affirmative defense, which asserted that the foregoing violations rendered the contract unenforceable.

IV

General Business Law article 36-A is entitled “Home Improvement Contracts”. It is uncontroverted that the instant contract falls within the purview of General Business Law article 36-A. General Business Law § 771 requires that all home improvement contracts must be in writing and signed by the parties thereto:

“1. * * * The writing shall contain the following:
“(a) The name, address, telephone number and license number * * * of the contractor.
“(b) The approximate dates * * * when the work will begin and be substantially completed * * *
“(c) A description of the work to be performed, the materials to be provided to the owner * * * and the agreed upon consideration for the work and materials.
“(d) A notice to the owner [regarding liens by contractors, subcontractors and materialmen] * * *
“(e) A notice to the owner [regarding escrow of payments as required by Lien Law § 71-a] * * *
“(f) If the contract provides for * * * progress payments * * * before substantial completion of the work [the contract must set forth] a schedule of such progress payments showing the amount of reach payment, as a sum in dollars and cents, and specifically identifying the state of completion of the work or services to be performed * * *
“(g) [a provision that hourly wages are not progress payments] * * *

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Bluebook (online)
242 A.D.2d 1, 672 N.Y.S.2d 358, 1998 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 4649, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wowaka-sons-inc-v-pardell-nyappdiv-1998.