Worden-Hoidal Funeral Homes, Inc. v. Red Bank Borough

21 N.J. Tax 336
CourtNew Jersey Tax Court
DecidedMay 6, 2004
StatusPublished
Cited by13 cases

This text of 21 N.J. Tax 336 (Worden-Hoidal Funeral Homes, Inc. v. Red Bank Borough) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Tax Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Worden-Hoidal Funeral Homes, Inc. v. Red Bank Borough, 21 N.J. Tax 336 (N.J. Super. Ct. 2004).

Opinion

MENYUK, J.T.C.

The following constitutes my decision in this matter, in which plaintiff appeals the tax assessment for the tax year 2001 on property located at 60 East Front Street, identified on the tax map of defendant Borough of Red Bank as Block 27, Lot 8.01. The subject property is an owner-occupied funeral home. The contested assessment is:

Land $ 618,900
Improvements $ 743,100
Total $1,362,000

A complete revaluation was placed in effect in Red Bank for tax year 2001, and Chapter 123 is therefore inapplicable. N.J.S.A. 54:51A-6d.

The appraisal experts of the two parties were the only witnesses at trial. They agreed that the highest and best use of the property was for continued use as a funeral home and each used only the sales comparison approach to valuation. Both experts testified that funeral homes are generally owner occupied, that consequently, there are very few comparable leases and that the income approach is therefore unsuitable. The cost approach was rejected by both experts because of the age of the subject property. See, e.g., Appraisal Institute, The Appraisal of Real Estate 354 (12th ed. 2001) (because cost and market value are more closely related when properties are new, the cost approach is more important in estimating the value of new or relatively new construction).

Based on the sales comparison approach, plaintiffs expert opined that the market value of the subject as of the valuation date of October 1, 2000 was $791,900. Defendant’s expert’s opinion of the value of the subject as of the same date was $2,300,000. [339]*339The sales comparison approach also presented some difficulties: both experts testified that the market for funeral homes is specialized, that such sales are almost always sales of both the business and the real estate, with the sales price typically being some multiplier of income. In such cases, the buyer and seller allocate some portion of the sales price to the real estate. It is, therefore, important for the appraiser to verify carefully the conditions of each sale. Defendant’s expert additionally testified that while a comparable sale of only real estate was theoretically desirable for appraisal purposes, if the funeral home business is distressed or nonexistent at the time of the sale, it depresses the price of the real estate. While each expert challenged the other’s verification of one or more comparable sales, neither expert disputed the allocation of any sales price between the value of the real estate and the value of the business as made by the buyer and seller involved in any of the comparable sales.

The use by the experts of such comparable sales may cause their opinions of the true value of the real estate to be less persuasive. I nevertheless conclude that the comparable sales method is probative of true value in this ease, where both experts have made the same assumption as to the reliability of the allocated sales prices with respect to their use of comparable sales. See, e.g., Tamburelli Properties Ass’n v. Cresskill Bor., 15 N.J.Tax 629, 643-45 (1996), aff'd, 308 N.J.Super. 326, 705 A.2d 1270 (App.Div.1998) (finding that although this court has generally rejected the use of discounted cash flow analysis, see, e.g., University Plaza Realty v. City of Hackensack, 12 N.J.Tax 354 (1992), aff'd, 264 N.J.Super. 353, 624 A.2d 1000 (App.Div.), certif. den., 134 N.J. 481, 634 A.2d 527 (1993), it is probative of true value where both experts agreed upon the utility of the method and on many of the variables employed by that method).

The subject property is an older, larger funeral home on a relatively small parcel of property in downtown Red Bank, close to Riverview Hospital. Both experts indicated that the hospital sets the character of the neighborhood, which contains many profes[340]*340sional medical offices, and agreed that the area was desirable for any type of professional office and for a funeral home.

Plaintiffs expert testified that the building contained 9316 square feet used as the funeral home. That figure included an apartment1 located on the second floor, but did not include any space on the third floor, which plaintiffs expert initially described as an attic. He conceded on cross-examination, however, that some third floor space was utilized as part of the apartment, and that he had not included that square footage in his computation.

As described by plaintiffs expert, the original building is a one-story frame building, probably close to 100 years old, to which was added a second house located adjacent to the first, together with an addition consolidating the two. The. expert testified that, all told, there had been seven or eight additions to the original structure, so that there are now two-story sections, one-and-a-half story sections and one-story sections. Stucco siding was added over the various frame structures at some point to give the building external continuity. Plaintiffs expert testified that, while the building is generally well maintained, the siding has been a problem because stucco does not adhere well to a frame construction. He also testified that the roof has been a maintenance problem. Because of the different levels, and difficulties with the flashing, the roof is prone to leaking.

Plaintiffs expert viewed the relatively small number of parking spaces on the subject property, twenty-six, or approximately 1 per 358 square feet of building area, as below average. He noted that the property is approximately 32,000 square feet, and there is a relatively large improvements-to-land ratio, approximately 29%.

Plaintiffs expert testified that the market for funeral homes during 1998 and 1999 had been volatile because of the activities of publicly traded, multi-state corporations owning and operating funeral homes. According to plaintiffs expert, the national opera[341]*341tors had rapidly expanded during the early and mid 1990’s, aggressively buying up funeral homes from local operators, and inflating the market for funeral home properties. He testified that in 1998 and 1999, the stock prices of the national companies dropped precipitously due to the rapid over-expansion and the debt incurred in purchasing funeral home properties, and that the national companies thereafter sought to divest themselves of some of their acquisitions. He further indicated that the market for funeral homes did not return to “normal” until 2001. His opinion as to the market trends for funeral homes was supported with commercially available charts of stock prices of national funeral home companies for the period 1998 through 2000, together with anecdotal information from at least one local funeral home operator.

Plaintiffs expert testified that, in selecting comparable sales, he tried to avoid sales negotiated during the period of volatility. He looked for properties that were located as close to the subject as possible, that were older, and were located in a municipality similar to Red Bank. He also looked for properties that had a relatively small site in comparison to the size of the improvements.

Plaintiffs expert utilized four comparable sales.

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21 N.J. Tax 336, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/worden-hoidal-funeral-homes-inc-v-red-bank-borough-njtaxct-2004.