1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JUSTIN WOOTEN, No. 2:19-CV-0940-JAM-DMC 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 BUTTE COUNTY, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff, who is proceeding with retained counsel, brings this civil action. 18 Pending before the Court is defendants’ motion to compel. See ECF No. 19. The matter was 19 submitted on the papers without oral argument pursuant to Eastern District of California General 20 Order 612. Filed in support of the motion is defendants’ separate statement. See ECF No. 20. 21 Plaintiff, who is represented by Stanley Goff, Esq., did not contribute to a joint statement as 22 required by Eastern District of California Local Rule 251. 23 24 I. BACKGROUND 25 On October 31, 2019, defendants served on plaintiff their first set of 26 interrogatories, requests for admissions, and requests for production. See 19-2 (declaration of 27 defendants’ counsel), Exhibits A, B, and C. Defendants assert: “To this date, Plaintiff has served 28 incomplete responses to Defendants’ Requests for Interrogatories, Set One, and provide[d] 1 incomplete and non-code compliant responses to Defendants’ Requests for Production of 2 Documents, Set One.” ECF No. 20, pg. 2. Defendants raise no argument concerning their 3 requests for admissions. 4 5 II. STANDARD FOR MOTION TO COMPEL 6 The purpose of discovery is to "remove surprise from trial preparation so the 7 parties can obtain evidence necessary to evaluate and resolve their dispute." United States v. 8 Chapman Univ., 245 F.R.D. 646, 648 (C.D. Cal. 2007) (quotation and citation omitted). Rule 9 26(b)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure offers guidance on the scope of discovery 10 permitted:
11 Parties may obtain discovery regarding any nonprivileged information that is relevant to any party's claim or defense and proportional to the needs of 12 the case, considering the importance of the issues at stake in the action, the amount in controversy, the parties' relative access to relevant information, 13 the parties' resources, the importance of the discovery in resolving the issues, and whether the burden or expense of the proposed discovery 14 outweighs its likely benefit. Information within this scope of discovery need not be admissible in evidence to be discoverable. 15 Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). 16 17 Under Rule 37 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, "a party seeking discovery 18 may move for an order compelling an answer, designation, production, or inspection." Fed. R. 19 Civ. P. 37(a)(3)(B). The court may order a party to provide further responses to an "evasive or 20 incomplete disclosure, answer, or response." Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(4). "District courts have 'broad 21 discretion to manage discovery and to control the course of litigation under Federal Rule of Civil 22 Procedure 16.'" Hunt v. County of Orange, 672 F.3d 606, 616 (9th Cir. 2012) (quoting Avila v. 23 Willits Envtl. Remediation Trust, 633 F.3d 828, 833 (9th Cir. 2011)). 24 The party moving to compel bears the burden of informing the court (1) which 25 discovery requests are the subject of the motion to compel, (2) which of the responses are 26 disputed, (3) why the party believes the response is deficient, (4) why any objections are not 27 justified, and (5) why the information sought through discovery is relevant to the prosecution of 28 this action. McCoy v. Ramirez, No. 1:13-cv-1808-MJS (PC), 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 75435, 2016 1 WL 3196738, at *1 (E.D. Cal. June 9, 2016); Ellis v. Cambra, No. 1:02-cv-5646-AWI-SMS PC, 2 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 24418, 2008 WL 860523, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 27, 2008). 3 "Relevance for purposes of discovery is defined very broadly." Garneau v. City of 4 Seattle, 147 F.3d 802, 812 (9th Cir. 1998). "The party seeking to compel discovery has the burden 5 of establishing that its request satisfies the relevancy requirements of Rule 26(b)(1). Thereafter, 6 the party opposing discovery has the burden of showing that the discovery should be prohibited, 7 and the burden of clarifying, explaining or supporting its objections." Bryant v. Ochoa, No. 8 07cv200 JM (PCL), 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 42339, 2009 WL 1390794, at *1 (S.D. Cal. May 14, 9 2009) (internal citation omitted). 10 11 III. DISCUSSION 12 Defendants seek an order compelling further responses to interrogatories, set one, 13 and requests for production, set one. Defendants also seek an award of reasonable fees and costs 14 under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(a)(5)(A). 15 A. Interrogatories 16 In their notice of motion, defendants state: “Plaintiff has failed to provide verified 17 responses to Defendants’ Interrogatories, Set One.” ECF No. 19, pg. 2. In their memorandum of 18 points and authorities filed with the notice of motion, defendants raise two arguments. First, 19 defendants argue plaintiff’s responses to their interrogatories are deficient because they simply 20 restate the factual allegations set forth in the complaint, in violation of Federal Rule of Civil 21 Procedure 33(b)(3), (5). See ECF No. 19-1, pgs. 5-6. Second, defendants contend that plaintiff’s 22 responses are inadequate because they are not verified, also in violation of Federal Rule of Civil 23 Procedure 33(b)(3), (5). See id. at 6. Defendants have provided the Court with copies of their 24 interrogatories, set one, see ECF No. 19-2, Exhibit B, plaintiff’s response, see id., Exhibit F, and 25 plaintiff’s amended responses, see id., Exhibit K. The original and amended responses are not 26 accompanied by verifications. 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Defendants’ arguments are persuasive. An answer to an interrogatory should not 2 refer to the pleadings. See Hash v. Cate, 2012 WL 6043966, at *3 (N.D. Cal. 2012). Answers are 3 insufficient where they neither clarify nor narrow the broad issues posed by the complaint. See 4 Rickles, Inc. v. Frances Denney Corp., 508 F. Supp. 4, 7 (D. Mass. 1980). Answers which 5 merely restate the allegations of the complaint are inadequate. See id.; see also U.S. v. West 6 Virginia Pulp and Paper Co., 36 F.R.D. 250, 251 (S.D.N.Y. 1964). Under Federal Rule of Civil 7 Procedure 33(b)(5), answers to interrogatories must be signed by the party providing the answers 8 and, where objections are made, by counsel. 9 A review of the interrogatories and responses thereto indicates that plaintiff merely 10 restates the allegations of the complaint. The answers neither narrow nor clarify the complaint’s 11 allegations. Finally, none of plaintiff’s responses to interrogatories is verified. For these reasons, 12 defendants’ motion to compel will be granted with respect to their interrogatories, set one, and 13 plaintiff will be ordered to serve responses which comply with Rule 33(b) and are verified. 14 B. Requests for Production 15 In their notice of motion, defendants state: “Plaintiff has failed to identify which 16 documents are referred to Defendants’ Request for Production of Documents to Plaintiff, Set 17 One.” ECF No. 19, pg. 2.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JUSTIN WOOTEN, No. 2:19-CV-0940-JAM-DMC 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 BUTTE COUNTY, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff, who is proceeding with retained counsel, brings this civil action. 18 Pending before the Court is defendants’ motion to compel. See ECF No. 19. The matter was 19 submitted on the papers without oral argument pursuant to Eastern District of California General 20 Order 612. Filed in support of the motion is defendants’ separate statement. See ECF No. 20. 21 Plaintiff, who is represented by Stanley Goff, Esq., did not contribute to a joint statement as 22 required by Eastern District of California Local Rule 251. 23 24 I. BACKGROUND 25 On October 31, 2019, defendants served on plaintiff their first set of 26 interrogatories, requests for admissions, and requests for production. See 19-2 (declaration of 27 defendants’ counsel), Exhibits A, B, and C. Defendants assert: “To this date, Plaintiff has served 28 incomplete responses to Defendants’ Requests for Interrogatories, Set One, and provide[d] 1 incomplete and non-code compliant responses to Defendants’ Requests for Production of 2 Documents, Set One.” ECF No. 20, pg. 2. Defendants raise no argument concerning their 3 requests for admissions. 4 5 II. STANDARD FOR MOTION TO COMPEL 6 The purpose of discovery is to "remove surprise from trial preparation so the 7 parties can obtain evidence necessary to evaluate and resolve their dispute." United States v. 8 Chapman Univ., 245 F.R.D. 646, 648 (C.D. Cal. 2007) (quotation and citation omitted). Rule 9 26(b)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure offers guidance on the scope of discovery 10 permitted:
11 Parties may obtain discovery regarding any nonprivileged information that is relevant to any party's claim or defense and proportional to the needs of 12 the case, considering the importance of the issues at stake in the action, the amount in controversy, the parties' relative access to relevant information, 13 the parties' resources, the importance of the discovery in resolving the issues, and whether the burden or expense of the proposed discovery 14 outweighs its likely benefit. Information within this scope of discovery need not be admissible in evidence to be discoverable. 15 Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). 16 17 Under Rule 37 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, "a party seeking discovery 18 may move for an order compelling an answer, designation, production, or inspection." Fed. R. 19 Civ. P. 37(a)(3)(B). The court may order a party to provide further responses to an "evasive or 20 incomplete disclosure, answer, or response." Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(4). "District courts have 'broad 21 discretion to manage discovery and to control the course of litigation under Federal Rule of Civil 22 Procedure 16.'" Hunt v. County of Orange, 672 F.3d 606, 616 (9th Cir. 2012) (quoting Avila v. 23 Willits Envtl. Remediation Trust, 633 F.3d 828, 833 (9th Cir. 2011)). 24 The party moving to compel bears the burden of informing the court (1) which 25 discovery requests are the subject of the motion to compel, (2) which of the responses are 26 disputed, (3) why the party believes the response is deficient, (4) why any objections are not 27 justified, and (5) why the information sought through discovery is relevant to the prosecution of 28 this action. McCoy v. Ramirez, No. 1:13-cv-1808-MJS (PC), 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 75435, 2016 1 WL 3196738, at *1 (E.D. Cal. June 9, 2016); Ellis v. Cambra, No. 1:02-cv-5646-AWI-SMS PC, 2 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 24418, 2008 WL 860523, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 27, 2008). 3 "Relevance for purposes of discovery is defined very broadly." Garneau v. City of 4 Seattle, 147 F.3d 802, 812 (9th Cir. 1998). "The party seeking to compel discovery has the burden 5 of establishing that its request satisfies the relevancy requirements of Rule 26(b)(1). Thereafter, 6 the party opposing discovery has the burden of showing that the discovery should be prohibited, 7 and the burden of clarifying, explaining or supporting its objections." Bryant v. Ochoa, No. 8 07cv200 JM (PCL), 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 42339, 2009 WL 1390794, at *1 (S.D. Cal. May 14, 9 2009) (internal citation omitted). 10 11 III. DISCUSSION 12 Defendants seek an order compelling further responses to interrogatories, set one, 13 and requests for production, set one. Defendants also seek an award of reasonable fees and costs 14 under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(a)(5)(A). 15 A. Interrogatories 16 In their notice of motion, defendants state: “Plaintiff has failed to provide verified 17 responses to Defendants’ Interrogatories, Set One.” ECF No. 19, pg. 2. In their memorandum of 18 points and authorities filed with the notice of motion, defendants raise two arguments. First, 19 defendants argue plaintiff’s responses to their interrogatories are deficient because they simply 20 restate the factual allegations set forth in the complaint, in violation of Federal Rule of Civil 21 Procedure 33(b)(3), (5). See ECF No. 19-1, pgs. 5-6. Second, defendants contend that plaintiff’s 22 responses are inadequate because they are not verified, also in violation of Federal Rule of Civil 23 Procedure 33(b)(3), (5). See id. at 6. Defendants have provided the Court with copies of their 24 interrogatories, set one, see ECF No. 19-2, Exhibit B, plaintiff’s response, see id., Exhibit F, and 25 plaintiff’s amended responses, see id., Exhibit K. The original and amended responses are not 26 accompanied by verifications. 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Defendants’ arguments are persuasive. An answer to an interrogatory should not 2 refer to the pleadings. See Hash v. Cate, 2012 WL 6043966, at *3 (N.D. Cal. 2012). Answers are 3 insufficient where they neither clarify nor narrow the broad issues posed by the complaint. See 4 Rickles, Inc. v. Frances Denney Corp., 508 F. Supp. 4, 7 (D. Mass. 1980). Answers which 5 merely restate the allegations of the complaint are inadequate. See id.; see also U.S. v. West 6 Virginia Pulp and Paper Co., 36 F.R.D. 250, 251 (S.D.N.Y. 1964). Under Federal Rule of Civil 7 Procedure 33(b)(5), answers to interrogatories must be signed by the party providing the answers 8 and, where objections are made, by counsel. 9 A review of the interrogatories and responses thereto indicates that plaintiff merely 10 restates the allegations of the complaint. The answers neither narrow nor clarify the complaint’s 11 allegations. Finally, none of plaintiff’s responses to interrogatories is verified. For these reasons, 12 defendants’ motion to compel will be granted with respect to their interrogatories, set one, and 13 plaintiff will be ordered to serve responses which comply with Rule 33(b) and are verified. 14 B. Requests for Production 15 In their notice of motion, defendants state: “Plaintiff has failed to identify which 16 documents are referred to Defendants’ Request for Production of Documents to Plaintiff, Set 17 One.” ECF No. 19, pg. 2. In their memorandum of points and authorities filed with the notice of 18 motion, defendants state:
19 Pursuant to FRCP Rule 34(b)(2)(B), Plaintiff is obligated to “for each item or category, the response must either state that inspection and 20 related activities will be permitted as requested. . . .” Here, Plaintiff failed to describe which responsive documents are in support of each request. 21 Therefore, Defendants request amended responses to be code compliant under FRCP Rule 34(b)(2)(B). 22 ECF No. 19-1, pg. 6; see also ECF No. 20, pg. 16. 23 24 Defendants offer no other argument in support of their motion to compel relating to requests for 25 production. 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Defendants have provided the Court a copy of their requests for production, set 2 one. See ECF No. 19-2, Exhibit A. While defendants state that plaintiff has “provide[d] 3 incomplete and non-code compliant responses” to their requests for production, set one, ECF 4 Nos. 19-1, pg. 2, and 20, pg. 2, defendants have not provided the Court with a copy of plaintiff’s 5 responses. Because defendants have not informed the court whether all or specific responses to 6 requests for production are at issue, identified why any particular response is inadequate, stated 7 why the discovery sought is relevant, nor provided the Court a copy of plaintiff’s allegedly 8 inadequate responses, the Court finds defendants have failed to meet their burden under Rule 37. 9 Defendants’ motion to compel will be denied without prejudice insofar as it relates to requests for 10 production. 11 C. Award of Expenses 12 Because defendants’ motion is not granted in whole, an award of expenses under 13 Rule 37(a)(5)(A) is inappropriate. The Court will, however, apportion an award of expenses 14 under Rule 37(a)(5)(C) because the motion is granted in part. A review of counsel’s declarations 15 filed in support of the instant motion and request for expenses reflects that counsel reasonably 16 spent 5 hours in preparation of the motion and an additional 3.5 hours in preparation of 17 defendants’ portion of the joint statement, at a reasonable rate of $200.00 per hour. The total 18 expenses claimed by defendants is $1,700.00. The Court will award half this amount. 19 / / / 20 / / / 21 / / / 22 / / / 23 / / / 24 / / / 25 / / / 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / MADE SDE STE PAINT IVINS RUC PIO Ie OY VV
1 IV. CONCLUSION 2 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 3 1. Defendants’ motion to compel, ECF No. 19, is granted in part and denied 4 | in part; 5 2. Within 20 days of the date of this order, plaintiff shall serve on defendants 6 || verified responses to defendants’ interrogatories, set one; and 7 3. Within 20 days of the date of this order, plaintiff shall pay to defendants 8 || apportioned reasonable expenses in the amount of $850.00. 9 10 11 | Dated: September 3, 2020 Ssvcqo_ DENNIS M. COTA 13 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28