Wood v. County of Contra Costa

Opinion

1 2 3 4 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 ANDREA WOOD, Case No. 19-cv-04266-MMC

8 Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING WITHOUT 9 v. PREJUDICE DEFENDANTS' REQUESTS THAT PLAINTIFF BE 10 COUNTY OF CONTRA COSTA, et al., DECLARED A VEXATIOUS LITIGANT 11 Defendants.

12 13 By order filed October 8, 2019, the Court granted four separate motions to dismiss 14 plaintiff Andrea Wood's ("Wood") Amended Complaint, and, in so doing, dismissed the 15 above-titled action without further leave to amend. Two of the motions to dismiss, 16 specifically the motions filed by Mary Carey ("Carey") and the County Defendants,1 17 include a request that the Court declare plaintiff Wood a vexatious litigant and impose 18 pre-filing restrictions as to future civil actions she may file. In her oppositions to those 19 two motions, Wood has responded to said additional requests, and defendants have 20 replied thereto. Having fully considered the matter, the Court rules as follows. 21 LEGAL STANDARD 22 Before a district court may issue an order finding a litigant to be vexatious and 23 imposing pre-filing restrictions, (1) "the litigant must be given notice and a chance to be 24 heard," (2) "the district court must compile an adequate record for review," (3) "the district 25 court must make substantive findings about the frivolous or harassing nature of the 26

27 1The County Defendants are the County of Contra Costa ("County"), Kellie Case, 1 plaintiff's litigation," and (4) "the vexatious litigant order must be narrowly tailored to 2 closely fit the specific vice encountered." See Molski v. Evergreen Dynasty Corp., 500 3 F.3d 1047, 1057 (9th Cir. 2007) (internal quotations and citation omitted). 4 DISCUSSION 5 A. Notice 6 In the instant case, the motions to dismiss filed by Carey and the County 7 Defendants provide ample notice to Wood of the civil actions and other conduct on which 8 they base their respective requests that she be declared a vexatious litigant, and, as 9 noted, Wood has responded to those requests. The Court next summarizes the civil 10 actions on which defendants rely, specifically, five cases filed in this district and one case 11 filed in state court. 12 B. Summary of Wood's Civil Actions 13 Each of the cases on which defendants rely arises from a decision made by a 14 state court judge assigned to child dependency proceedings instituted by the County, 15 namely, the decision to remove three minor children from Wood's custody. 16 In Wood v. Carey, C19-00363, filed February 28, 2019 (hereinafter "Wood 1"), the 17 one case filed in state court, and chronologically the first filed, Wood, appearing by 18 counsel, asserted, against Carey and Carey's law firm, claims of professional negligence 19 pertaining to decisions allegedly made by Carey in the course of representing Wood in 20 the child dependency proceedings. On August 19, 2019, the state court judge assigned 21 to Wood 1 dismissed the operative complaint "without prejudice as premature and without 22 leave to amend." (See Carey's Req. for Judicial Notice, Exs. 2, 3.)2 23 While Wood I was pending in state court, Wood, now and henceforth appearing 24

25 2The Court grants Carey's request, unopposed by Wood, to take judicial notice of the operative complaint and order of dismissal filed in said state court action. See 26 Rosales–Martinez v. Palmer, 753 F.3d 890, 894 (9th Cir. 2014) (holding courts "may take judicial notice of judicial proceedings in other courts"). Beyond the above-quoted 27 language and the phrase "[u]pon oral argument and good cause appearing," however, 1 pro se, filed the first of the five cases brought in this district, Wood v. County of Contra 2 Costa, Civil Case No. 19-2678 JD, filed May 17, 2019 (hereinafter, "Wood 2"), in which 3 action Wood, asserting claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the First Amendment, the 4 Fourteenth Amendment, and the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, 5 alleged that an "enterprise," consisting of social workers employed by the County, a 6 deputy county counsel, an attorney who represented Wood, an attorney who represented 7 one of Wood's children, two California superior court judges, and one of Wood's 8 neighbors, conspired to deprive Wood of the custody of her children. After motions to 9 dismiss had been filed, and after said motions had been fully briefed but before the 10 district judge assigned to the matter had made any ruling thereon, Wood voluntarily 11 dismissed the case without prejudice. As the moving defendants correctly point out, the 12 factual and legal claims asserted in Wood 2 are essentially indistinguishable from those 13 alleged in the above-titled action, the sole substantive difference being the addition of 14 Cecelia Gutierrez as a named defendant. 15 The second of the five cases brought in this district, Wood v. County of Contra 16 Costa, Civil Case No. 19-3885 EJD, filed July 5, 2019, (hereinafter, "Wood 3"), is a 17 petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. §§ 2241 and 2243, based on the 18 theory that two of Wood's children are unlawfully being held in custody, and brought 19 against the County, a juvenile court judge, and three individuals whom Wood appears to 20 assert presently have custody of her children. To date, no substantive rulings have been 21 issued by the district court judge assigned to the case. 22 In Wood v. Chidi, Civil Case No. 19-4202, filed July 22, 2019 (hereinafter "Wood 23 4"), the third of the five cases brought in this district, Wood asserts, under § 1983 and the 24 Fourteenth Amendment, claims against the County and two, or possibly three, social 25 workers assigned to "HP," one of her children,3 and primarily challenges decisions made 26 3Although, in the caption of the complaint, Wood names two social workers as 27 defendants, later in the complaint she appears to seek relief against a third social worker 1 by said social workers, e.g., a "fail[ure] to arrange visitations." (See Compl., Wood 4, 2 ¶ 21.) To date, no substantive rulings have been issued by the district court assigned to 3 the case. 4 Next, in Wood v. Williams, Civil Case No. 19-4247, filed July 24, 2019 (hereinafter, 5 "Wood 5"), the fourth of the five cases brought in this district, Wood asserts, under 6 § 1983, the Fourteenth Amendment, and state law, claims against the County and a 7 social worker assigned to "KP," another of Wood's children, and primarily challenges 8 decisions made by said social worker, e.g., the "fail[ure] to ensure KP was taken to 9 school." (See Compl., Wood 5, ¶ 20.) To date, no substantive rulings have been issued 10 by the district court judge assigned to the case. 11 The last of the five cases brought in this district is the above-titled action, which 12 was filed July 25, 2019 (hereinafter, "Wood 6"). As set forth in detail in the Court's order 13 granting defendants' motions to dismiss, each of Wood's claims is barred by both the 14 Rooker-Feldman doctrine and the Younger doctrine. 15 C. Appropriateness of Pre-Filing Order 16 The Court next considers whether the Court has before it an adequate record 17 upon which to determine Wood is a vexatious litigant, warranting imposition of a pre-filing 18 order. Such determination would require a finding that the above-described "litigation is 19 frivolous" or, as "an alternative to frivolousness," that such "filings show a pattern of 20 harassment." See Ringgold-Lockhart, 761 F.3d 1057, 1064 (9th Cir. 2014) (internal 21 quotation and citation omitted). 22 1. Frivolousness 23 "To determine whether the litigation is frivolous, district courts must look at both 24 the number and content of the filings as indicia of the frivolousness of the litigant's 25 claims." Id. (internal quotation and citation omitted). "[T]he court must make a finding 26 that the number of complaints was inordinate" and that the complaints were "patently 27 without merit." Id. (internal quotation, citation, and alterations omitted). Here, as noted, 1 Younger doctrines, and, consequently, such action is wholly without merit. As further 2 noted, Wood 2 is, in all material respects, indistinguishable from Wood 6, and, 3 consequently, the Court further finds said action likewise is meritless. 4 As to the remaining four cases, the Court first notes "it would be inappropriate to 5 characterize pending claims as frivolous except to the extent that they are similar to ones 6 already characterized." See In re Powell, 851 F.2d 427, 431 (9th Cir. 1988). Here, 7 although Wood 3, Wood 4 and Wood 5, the three pending actions, arise from the child 8 dependency matter underlying Wood 2 and Wood 6, the claim in Wood 3 is for a writ of 9 habeas corpus, a form of relief not available under the causes of action asserted in Wood 10 2 and Wood 6, and the claims in Wood 4 and Wood 5 are based on conduct allegedly 11 occurring after the state court rulings challenged in Wood 2 and Wood 6. As to Wood 1, 12 although the action also arises from the dependency proceedings and, unlike Wood 3, 13 Wood 4, and Wood 5, is no longer pending, the claims therein were, as noted, dismissed 14 without prejudice as premature and, like the claims in the three pending cases, are based 15 on different grounds than the claims in Wood 2 and Wood 6. 16 Moreover, although Wood 2 and Wood 6 have been found meritless, "two cases is 17 far fewer than what other courts have found 'inordinate,'" see Ringgold-Lockhart, 761 18 F.3d at 1064-65, and it would be "extremely unusual" to base a pre-filing order on a 19 litigant's filing of two frivolous cases, particularly given "the alternative remedies available 20 to district judges to control a litigant's behavior in individual cases." See id. at 1065. 21 Accordingly, at present, the record of Wood's cases does not support issuance of 22 a pre-filing order. 23 2. Pattern of Harassment 24 "As an alternative to frivolousness, the district court may make an alternative 25 finding that the litigant's filings show a pattern of harassment." Id. at 1064 (internal 26 quotation and citation omitted). A court, however, should "not conclude that particular 27 types of actions filed repetitiously are," for that reason alone, "harassing." See id. 1 Here, although the background for each of Wood's cases may seem repetitious, 2 the claims therein are, with the exception of Wood 2 and Wood 6, distinguishable. 3 Consequently, without more, a vexatious litigant finding based thereon is unwarranted. 4 The County Defendants argue, however, a pattern of harassment is evidenced by 5 a series of vituperative emails received by their counsel and certain County employees 6 from P. Stephen Lamont ("Lamont"), an individual whom the County Defendants argue, 7 and Wood does not dispute in her opposition, is "conducting the litigation in [Wood 6] and 8 in [Wood's] other lawsuits" (see County Defs.' Mot. at 18:14-15),4 and which emails 9 include a statement by Lamont that he will "litigate [one defendant] into a 6 foot grave 10 before [he is] done with [her], with or without the help of New York Mafia Captains" (see 11 Rodriquez Supp. Brief Ex. A at 13).5 12 To date, however, only two of the cases on which the County Defendants rely 13 have been found meritless and Wood has not filed in this district any of the threatened 14 lawsuits referenced in Lamont's emails or, for that matter, any other lawsuit, nor has any 15 party brought to the Court's attention any new filings in any other forum. 16 Accordingly, although the sending of the emails can be described as harassing, 17 such conduct is not itself a pattern of harassing cases nor, at least, as of this date, is it 18 sufficient evidence of such a pattern. 19 // 20 // 21 // 22 // 23 // 24 4Lamont is not admitted to the California State Bar or to the Bar of this district. 25 5Wood was copied on the great majority of the cited emails, and, to the extent she 26 was not, she received a copy when the emails were filed in the instant action. Also, as the County Defendants point out, Lamont's email address, at Wood's request, has been 27 added to Wood's Electronic Case Filing account, such that he electronically receives a 1 CONCLUSION 2 For the reasons stated above, Carey's and the County Defendants' requests that 3 || the Court declare Wood a vexatious litigation are hereby DENIED, without prejudice to 4 || renewal if circumstances hereafter change. 5 IT IS SO ORDERED. 6 7 || Dated: October 15, 2019 , . INE M. CHESNEY 8 United States District Judge 9 10 11 12

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28