1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 TOMMY LEE WILLIAMS, Case No.: 3:22-cv-00524-GPC-NLS
12 Petitioner, ORDER: 13 v. (1) DENYING MOTION TO 14 RAYTHEL FISHER, PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS 15 Respondent. [ECF No. 4];
16 (2) DENYING MOTION TO 17 APPOINT COUNSEL [ECF No. 6]; and 18
19 (3) DISMISSING CASE WITHOUT PREJUDICE AND WITHOUT 20 LEAVE TO AMEND 21 22 On April 14, 2022, Petitioner, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, filed a Petition for 23 Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. ECF No. 1. The Court dismissed the 24 action on May 17, 2022 because Petitioner had failed to satisfy the filing fee requirement 25 and because his criminal case was proceeding in state court; he also failed to state a federal 26 claim. ECF No. 2. Petitioner was given until July 18, 2022, to either pay the $5.00 filing 27 fee or submit adequate proof of his inability to pay the fee. Id. 28 / / / 1 On June 7, 2022, Petitioner filed a First Amended Petition (“Am. Pet.”) and a motion 2 to proceed in forma pauperis. ECF Nos. 3–5. On June 13, 2022, he filed a motion to appoint 3 counsel. ECF No. 6. 4 MOTION TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS 5 Petitioner has filed a prison certificate and a trust account statement in support of his 6 motion to proceed in forma pauperis which reflects a $295.92 balance in his prison trust 7 account. The filing fee associated with this type of action is $5.00. See 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a). 8 Thus, it appears Petitioner can pay the requisite filing fee. Accordingly, the Court DENIES 9 the request to proceed in forma pauperis 10 ABSTENTION 11 Petitioner lists his place of confinement as the Vista Detention Center. See Pet., ECF 12 No. 3 at 1. The San Diego County Sheriff’s Department website shows that Williams is 13 currently in custody pursuant to San Diego Superior Court case number SCN236445, 14 which is the same case he seeks to challenge in the current Petition. See 15 https://apps.sdsheriff.net/wij/wijDetail.aspx?BookNum=2Hy7LraEJgWxDONyxdM1d1j 16 3%2fOZtk0nJ75nH015zVxQ%3d (last visited July 1, 2022). Further proceedings are 17 scheduled in SCN236445 on July 29, 2022. Id. 18 As the Court explained to Petitioner in its May 17, 2022 dismissal Order, under 19 Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971), federal courts may not interfere with ongoing state 20 criminal proceedings absent extraordinary circumstances. Id. at 45–46; see Middlesex 21 County Ethics Comm. v. Garden State Bar Ass’n, 457 U.S. 423, 431 (1982) (Younger 22 “espouse[d] a strong federal policy against federal-court interference with pending state 23 judicial proceedings.”) These concerns are particularly important in the habeas context 24 where a state prisoner’s conviction may be reversed on appeal, thereby rendering the 25 federal issue moot. Sherwood v. Tompkins, 716 F.2d 632, 634 (9th Cir. 1983). Absent 26 extraordinary circumstances, abstention under Younger is required when: (1) state judicial 27 proceedings are ongoing; (2) the state proceedings involve important state interests; and 28 1 (3) the state proceedings afford an adequate opportunity to raise the federal issue. Columbia 2 Basin Apartment Ass’n v. City of Pasco, 268 F.3d 791, 799 (9th Cir. 2001). 3 In its May 17, 2022 Order, the Court gave Petitioner an opportunity to demonstrate 4 that extraordinary circumstances exist which would relieve this Court of its obligation to 5 abstain from interfering with ongoing state criminal proceedings. Juidice v. Vail, 430 U.S. 6 327, 337 (1977) (holding that if Younger abstention applies, a court may not retain 7 jurisdiction but should dismiss the action.) It appears he cannot do so, and thus the Court 8 must abstain from interfering in his ongoing state criminal case. Younger, 401 U.S. at 45– 9 46. 10 FAILURE TO STATE A COGNIZABLE FEDERAL CLAIM 11 Additionally, Petitioner has again failed to allege that his state court conviction or 12 sentence violates the Constitution of the United States and has therefore failed to state a 13 cognizable federal claim in accordance with Rule 4 of the rules governing § 2254 cases. 14 Title 28, United States Code, § 2254(a), sets forth the following scope of review for federal 15 habeas corpus claims: 16 The Supreme Court, a Justice thereof, a circuit judge, or a district court shall entertain an application for a writ of habeas corpus in behalf of a 17 person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court only on the 18 ground that he is in custody in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States. 19
20 28 U.S.C. § 2254(a) (emphasis added). See Hernandez v. Ylst, 930 F.2d 714, 719 (9th Cir. 21 1991). Thus, to present a cognizable federal habeas corpus claim under § 2254, a state 22 prisoner must allege both that he is in custody pursuant to a “judgment of a State court,” 23 and that he is in custody in “violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United 24 States.” See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(a). 25 / / / 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Here, Petitioner claims in ground one “see dismissed USCD case number 3:21-cv- 2 01167-CAB-WVG.” Am. Pet, ECF No. 2 at 6.1 He also claims the “crime scene was made 3 up,” “all of what happened had to do with my race and racism,” “I never tried to kill or 4 torture no one,” and “I never did any of the things that was said about me.” Id. at 6–9. 5 Petitioner’s claims do not allege he is “in custody in violation of the Constitution or laws 6 or treaties of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254. 7 Further, the Court notes that Petitioner cannot simply amend his Petition to state a 8 federal habeas claim and then refile the amended petition in this case. He must exhaust 9 state judicial remedies before bringing his claims via federal habeas. State prisoners who 10 wish to challenge their state court conviction must first exhaust state judicial remedies. 28 11 U.S.C. § 2254(b), (c); Granberry v. Greer, 481 U.S. 129, 133–34 (1987). To exhaust state 12 judicial remedies, a California state prisoner must present the California Supreme Court 13 with a fair opportunity to rule on the merits of every issue raised in his or her federal habeas 14 petition. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b), (c); Granberry, 481 U.S. at 133–34. Moreover, to 15 properly exhaust state court judicial remedies a petitioner must allege, in state court, how 16 one or more of his or her federal rights have been violated. The Supreme Court in Duncan 17 v. Henry, 513 U.S. 364 (1995) reasoned: “If state courts are to be given the opportunity to 18 correct alleged violations of prisoners’ federal rights, they must surely be alerted to the fact 19 that the prisoners are asserting claims under the United States Constitution.” Id. at 365–66 20 (emphasis added).
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 TOMMY LEE WILLIAMS, Case No.: 3:22-cv-00524-GPC-NLS
12 Petitioner, ORDER: 13 v. (1) DENYING MOTION TO 14 RAYTHEL FISHER, PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS 15 Respondent. [ECF No. 4];
16 (2) DENYING MOTION TO 17 APPOINT COUNSEL [ECF No. 6]; and 18
19 (3) DISMISSING CASE WITHOUT PREJUDICE AND WITHOUT 20 LEAVE TO AMEND 21 22 On April 14, 2022, Petitioner, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, filed a Petition for 23 Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. ECF No. 1. The Court dismissed the 24 action on May 17, 2022 because Petitioner had failed to satisfy the filing fee requirement 25 and because his criminal case was proceeding in state court; he also failed to state a federal 26 claim. ECF No. 2. Petitioner was given until July 18, 2022, to either pay the $5.00 filing 27 fee or submit adequate proof of his inability to pay the fee. Id. 28 / / / 1 On June 7, 2022, Petitioner filed a First Amended Petition (“Am. Pet.”) and a motion 2 to proceed in forma pauperis. ECF Nos. 3–5. On June 13, 2022, he filed a motion to appoint 3 counsel. ECF No. 6. 4 MOTION TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS 5 Petitioner has filed a prison certificate and a trust account statement in support of his 6 motion to proceed in forma pauperis which reflects a $295.92 balance in his prison trust 7 account. The filing fee associated with this type of action is $5.00. See 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a). 8 Thus, it appears Petitioner can pay the requisite filing fee. Accordingly, the Court DENIES 9 the request to proceed in forma pauperis 10 ABSTENTION 11 Petitioner lists his place of confinement as the Vista Detention Center. See Pet., ECF 12 No. 3 at 1. The San Diego County Sheriff’s Department website shows that Williams is 13 currently in custody pursuant to San Diego Superior Court case number SCN236445, 14 which is the same case he seeks to challenge in the current Petition. See 15 https://apps.sdsheriff.net/wij/wijDetail.aspx?BookNum=2Hy7LraEJgWxDONyxdM1d1j 16 3%2fOZtk0nJ75nH015zVxQ%3d (last visited July 1, 2022). Further proceedings are 17 scheduled in SCN236445 on July 29, 2022. Id. 18 As the Court explained to Petitioner in its May 17, 2022 dismissal Order, under 19 Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971), federal courts may not interfere with ongoing state 20 criminal proceedings absent extraordinary circumstances. Id. at 45–46; see Middlesex 21 County Ethics Comm. v. Garden State Bar Ass’n, 457 U.S. 423, 431 (1982) (Younger 22 “espouse[d] a strong federal policy against federal-court interference with pending state 23 judicial proceedings.”) These concerns are particularly important in the habeas context 24 where a state prisoner’s conviction may be reversed on appeal, thereby rendering the 25 federal issue moot. Sherwood v. Tompkins, 716 F.2d 632, 634 (9th Cir. 1983). Absent 26 extraordinary circumstances, abstention under Younger is required when: (1) state judicial 27 proceedings are ongoing; (2) the state proceedings involve important state interests; and 28 1 (3) the state proceedings afford an adequate opportunity to raise the federal issue. Columbia 2 Basin Apartment Ass’n v. City of Pasco, 268 F.3d 791, 799 (9th Cir. 2001). 3 In its May 17, 2022 Order, the Court gave Petitioner an opportunity to demonstrate 4 that extraordinary circumstances exist which would relieve this Court of its obligation to 5 abstain from interfering with ongoing state criminal proceedings. Juidice v. Vail, 430 U.S. 6 327, 337 (1977) (holding that if Younger abstention applies, a court may not retain 7 jurisdiction but should dismiss the action.) It appears he cannot do so, and thus the Court 8 must abstain from interfering in his ongoing state criminal case. Younger, 401 U.S. at 45– 9 46. 10 FAILURE TO STATE A COGNIZABLE FEDERAL CLAIM 11 Additionally, Petitioner has again failed to allege that his state court conviction or 12 sentence violates the Constitution of the United States and has therefore failed to state a 13 cognizable federal claim in accordance with Rule 4 of the rules governing § 2254 cases. 14 Title 28, United States Code, § 2254(a), sets forth the following scope of review for federal 15 habeas corpus claims: 16 The Supreme Court, a Justice thereof, a circuit judge, or a district court shall entertain an application for a writ of habeas corpus in behalf of a 17 person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court only on the 18 ground that he is in custody in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States. 19
20 28 U.S.C. § 2254(a) (emphasis added). See Hernandez v. Ylst, 930 F.2d 714, 719 (9th Cir. 21 1991). Thus, to present a cognizable federal habeas corpus claim under § 2254, a state 22 prisoner must allege both that he is in custody pursuant to a “judgment of a State court,” 23 and that he is in custody in “violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United 24 States.” See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(a). 25 / / / 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Here, Petitioner claims in ground one “see dismissed USCD case number 3:21-cv- 2 01167-CAB-WVG.” Am. Pet, ECF No. 2 at 6.1 He also claims the “crime scene was made 3 up,” “all of what happened had to do with my race and racism,” “I never tried to kill or 4 torture no one,” and “I never did any of the things that was said about me.” Id. at 6–9. 5 Petitioner’s claims do not allege he is “in custody in violation of the Constitution or laws 6 or treaties of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254. 7 Further, the Court notes that Petitioner cannot simply amend his Petition to state a 8 federal habeas claim and then refile the amended petition in this case. He must exhaust 9 state judicial remedies before bringing his claims via federal habeas. State prisoners who 10 wish to challenge their state court conviction must first exhaust state judicial remedies. 28 11 U.S.C. § 2254(b), (c); Granberry v. Greer, 481 U.S. 129, 133–34 (1987). To exhaust state 12 judicial remedies, a California state prisoner must present the California Supreme Court 13 with a fair opportunity to rule on the merits of every issue raised in his or her federal habeas 14 petition. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b), (c); Granberry, 481 U.S. at 133–34. Moreover, to 15 properly exhaust state court judicial remedies a petitioner must allege, in state court, how 16 one or more of his or her federal rights have been violated. The Supreme Court in Duncan 17 v. Henry, 513 U.S. 364 (1995) reasoned: “If state courts are to be given the opportunity to 18 correct alleged violations of prisoners’ federal rights, they must surely be alerted to the fact 19 that the prisoners are asserting claims under the United States Constitution.” Id. at 365–66 20 (emphasis added). For example, “[i]f a habeas petitioner wishes to claim that an evidentiary 21 ruling at a state court trial denied him the due process of law guaranteed by the Fourteenth 22 Amendment, he must say so, not only in federal court, but in state court.” Id. (emphasis 23 added). 24 25 1 On April 14, 2021, Petitioner constructively filed a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus in the Ninth 26 Circuit Court of Appeals, which was transferred to this Court and given case no. 3:21-cv-01167-CAB- WVG. (See Williams v. Unknown, et al, S.D. Cal. case no. 3:21-cv-01167-CAB-WVG). Petitioner was 27 granted two extensions of time to correct deficiencies of pleading identified by the Court. (See ECF Nos. 8, 17.) On February 4, 2022, the Court denied Petitioner’s third request for extension of time and told 28 1 Additionally, the Court cautions Petitioner that under the Antiterrorism and 2 Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, a one-year period of limitation shall apply to a petition 3 for a writ of habeas corpus by a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court. 4 The limitation period shall run from the latest of: 5 (A) the date on which the judgment became final by the conclusion of direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking such review; 6
7 (B) the date on which the impediment to filing an application created by State action in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States is 8 removed, if the applicant was prevented from filing by such State action; 9 (C) the date on which the constitutional right asserted was initially 10 recognized by the Supreme Court, if the right has been newly recognized by 11 the Supreme Court and made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review; or 12
13 (D) the date on which the factual predicate of the claim or claims presented could have been discovered through the exercise of due diligence. 14
15 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(A)–(D) (West Supp. 2002). 16 The Court also notes that the statute of limitations does not run while a properly filed 17 state habeas corpus petition is pending. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2); see Nino v. Galaza, 183 18 F.3d 1003, 1006 (9th Cir. 1999); but see Artuz v. Bennett, 531 U.S. 4, 8 (2000) (holding 19 that “an application is ‘properly filed’ when its delivery and acceptance [by the appropriate 20 court officer for placement into the record] are in compliance with the applicable laws and 21 rules governing filings.”). However, absent some other basis for tolling, the statute of 22 limitations does run while a federal habeas petition is pending. Duncan v. Walker, 533 U.S. 23 167, 181–82 (2001). 24 MOTION TO APPOINT COUNSEL 25 There is no right to the appointment of counsel in federal habeas proceedings. 26 Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 755 (1991); Manning v. Foster, 224 F.3d 1129, 1133 27 (9th Cir. 2000). A district court may exercise its discretion to appoint counsel, however, if 28 it is required by the interests of justice. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(h); 18 U.S.C. § 3006A(a)(2)(B). 1 || Whether counsel should be appointed turns in part on the petitioner’s likelihood of success 2 the merits. See Weygandt v. Look, 718 F.2d 952, 954 (9th Cir. 1983) (per curiam). 3 ||Because the Court has determined that it is required to abstain from interfering in 4 || Petitioner’s ongoing state criminal case, see Younger, 401 U.S. at 45-46, the Court declines 5 ||to exercise its discretion and DENIES Petitioner’s motion for appointment of counsel 6 || [ECF No. 6]. 7 CONCLUSION 8 For the foregoing reasons, the Court DENIES Petitioner’s motion to proceed in 9 ||forma pauperis [ECF No. 4], DENIES Petitioner’s motion for appointment of counsel 10 || [ECF No. 6], and DISMISSES this case without prejudice and without further leave to 11 |}amend because it appears that Petitioner cannot cure the pleading deficiencies outlined in 12 Order. 13 IT IS SO ORDERED. 14 || Dated: August 1, 2022 72 I5 Hon. athe Cae 16 United States District Judge 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28