IN THE MISSOURI COURT OF APPEALS WESTERN DISTRICT WILLIAM FERGUSON, ) ) Appellant, ) v. ) WD85295 ) ) OPINION FILED: DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT ) October 25, 2022 SECURITY, ) ) Respondent. )
Appeal from the Labor and Industrial Relations Commission
Before Division Four: Gary D. Witt, Chief Judge, Presiding, and Mark D. Pfeiffer and Cynthia L. Martin, Judges
Mr. William Ferguson appeals from the Decision of the Labor and Industrial Relations
Commission (“Commission”) affirming the decision of the Appeals Tribunal, which dismissed his
appeal of the determination of the Division of Employment Security (“Division”) as untimely
without good cause. In Mr. Ferguson’s appellate briefing, he does not contest the Commission’s
finding that there was no good cause for his failure to timely file his administrative appeal below;
instead, he seeks to use his appeal to this Court as another opportunity to contest the substantive
basis for the Division’s conclusion that he had left his work voluntarily. Mr. Ferguson’s appellate
briefing to this Court does not contain a Point Relied On, an Argument section, and does not cite any precedent or other legal authority whatsoever. Thus, Mr. Ferguson’s appeal fails to comply
with Rule 84.04 in any meaningful manner, and we have no choice but to dismiss the appeal.
Factual and Procedural Background1
On March 6, 2020, Mr. Ferguson left his employment with Lowe’s. On October 6, 2020,
a deputy with the Division made the determination that Mr. Ferguson was ineligible for
unemployment benefits for the period beginning on April 19, 2020, since he had left Lowe’s
voluntarily. On that same date, a notice of the Division’s determination was sent to Ferguson. The
notice made clear that if Mr. Ferguson believed that the Division was wrong, he was required to
file an administrative appeal on or before November 5, 2020.
Over a year later, on November 12, 2021, Mr. Ferguson filed an administrative appeal. In
that document, Mr. Ferguson stated that he had left Lowe’s to work at Nebraska Furniture Mart,
that he was furloughed from that company in early April without pay due to COVID-19 and was
not called back to work until Memorial Day of 2020. He gave no reason explaining why his appeal
was filed over a year past his administrative appeal deadline. On December 22, 2021, a referee
for the Appeals Tribunal mailed Mr. Ferguson its finding that since Mr. Ferguson had failed to
appeal the Division’s ruling within the thirty-day time limit, the Division’s determination became
final on November 5, 2020, and his appeal was dismissed as untimely. In the Appeals Tribunal
ruling sent to Ferguson, there was a section devoted to Mr. Ferguson’s appeal rights; in that section,
it stated that he had a right to request a hearing on the issue of timeliness and the merits of his case.
It noted that the signed, written request for reassessment “should include the reason why the
original appeal was not filed timely.”
1 “[I]n unemployment benefit cases, we do not view the facts in the light most favorable to the Commission’s decision; instead, we view the evidence objectively. However, on matters of witness credibility, we will defer to the Commission’s determinations.” Piloski v. Div. of Emp. Sec., 503 S.W.3d 253, 256 n.1 (Mo. App. W.D. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted).
2 On December 30, 2021, Mr. Ferguson filed a petition for reassessment. In that letter, he
begins, “First off, let me apologize for not taking care of this in a timely manner. I did not realize
the gravity of the situation and let it fall through the cracks.” He did not provide any further reason
for his belated administrative appeal.2 On February 22, 2022, the Commission affirmed the Order
of the Appeals Tribunal dismissing Mr. Ferguson’s appeal because it was not timely filed. The
Commission’s order states that “Claimant’s allegations, if true, will not support a finding that good
cause exists to extend the time for filing the appeal. As such, claimant has not made a prima facie
showing that claimant is entitled to relief.” This appeal follows.
Appeal Dismissed
The Missouri Supreme Court has recently cautioned that “[t]he appellate courts’ continued
reiteration of the importance of the briefing rules without enforcing any consequence ‘implicitly
condones continued violations and undermines the mandatory nature of the rules.’” State v. Minor,
648 S.W.3d 721, 728-29 (Mo. banc 2022) (quoting Alpert v. State, 543 S.W.3d 589, 601 (Mo. banc
2018) (Fischer, J., dissenting)). Where a party has been warned of briefing deficiencies and
persists in repeating the same errors, we should not “act as an advocate for [the appellant] to
overcome these problems.” Lexow v. Boeing Co., 643 S.W.3d 501, 509 (Mo. banc 2022).
2 Even were we to evaluate the only issue that Mr. Ferguson could appeal—the Commission’s determination that no “good cause exists to extend the time for filing the appeal” over a year past the administrative appeal deadline, Mr. Ferguson’s appeal would fail. “To establish ‘good cause,’ [Mr. Ferguson] must show that he acted in good faith and reasonably under all the circumstances.” Westbrook v. Div. of Emp. Sec., 456 S.W.3d 116, 119 (Mo. App. W.D. 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted). In Westbrook, we pointed to numerous other Missouri case precedent in which a claimant had not established good cause by showing he misplaced the Division’s ruling or failed to comprehend the determination by the Division or failed to understand that the ruling was final. Id. at 119-20. Here, Mr. Ferguson’s statement below that his administrative appeal was not timely filed because he “did not understand the gravity of the situation and let it fall through the cracks” is clearly not grounds for concluding that “good cause” existed to excuse his untimely administrative appeal below.
3 Here, upon the filing of Mr. Ferguson’s first appellant’s brief, he received notification from
the Court that his original Appellant’s Brief was struck for numerous violations of Rule 84.04, the
most pertinent of which are:
• The brief lacks Points Relied On in compliance with the specific requirements of Rule 84.04(d) and necessarily because there are no Points Relied On, they do not include a list of cases or other authority upon which that party principally relies, as required by Rule 84.04(d)(5).
• The point relied on is not restated at the beginning of the section of the argument discussing that point, the argument does not include a concise statement of the applicable standard of review for each claim of error, the argument does not include a concise statement describing whether the error was preserved for appellate review and if so, how it was preserved, and the argument section lacks specific page references to the legal file or transcript, all in violation of Rule 84.04(e).
Though there were numerous other briefing deficiencies noted in the order striking the
Appellant’s Brief, the subsequently filed Amended Appellant’s Brief continues to lack any
discussion whatsoever about how the Commission erred in its conclusion that no good cause
existed to explain the untimely filing of Mr. Ferguson’s appeal below. Mr. Ferguson’s Amended
Appellant’s Brief does not contain a Point Relied On, does not contain any Argument section, does
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IN THE MISSOURI COURT OF APPEALS WESTERN DISTRICT WILLIAM FERGUSON, ) ) Appellant, ) v. ) WD85295 ) ) OPINION FILED: DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT ) October 25, 2022 SECURITY, ) ) Respondent. )
Appeal from the Labor and Industrial Relations Commission
Before Division Four: Gary D. Witt, Chief Judge, Presiding, and Mark D. Pfeiffer and Cynthia L. Martin, Judges
Mr. William Ferguson appeals from the Decision of the Labor and Industrial Relations
Commission (“Commission”) affirming the decision of the Appeals Tribunal, which dismissed his
appeal of the determination of the Division of Employment Security (“Division”) as untimely
without good cause. In Mr. Ferguson’s appellate briefing, he does not contest the Commission’s
finding that there was no good cause for his failure to timely file his administrative appeal below;
instead, he seeks to use his appeal to this Court as another opportunity to contest the substantive
basis for the Division’s conclusion that he had left his work voluntarily. Mr. Ferguson’s appellate
briefing to this Court does not contain a Point Relied On, an Argument section, and does not cite any precedent or other legal authority whatsoever. Thus, Mr. Ferguson’s appeal fails to comply
with Rule 84.04 in any meaningful manner, and we have no choice but to dismiss the appeal.
Factual and Procedural Background1
On March 6, 2020, Mr. Ferguson left his employment with Lowe’s. On October 6, 2020,
a deputy with the Division made the determination that Mr. Ferguson was ineligible for
unemployment benefits for the period beginning on April 19, 2020, since he had left Lowe’s
voluntarily. On that same date, a notice of the Division’s determination was sent to Ferguson. The
notice made clear that if Mr. Ferguson believed that the Division was wrong, he was required to
file an administrative appeal on or before November 5, 2020.
Over a year later, on November 12, 2021, Mr. Ferguson filed an administrative appeal. In
that document, Mr. Ferguson stated that he had left Lowe’s to work at Nebraska Furniture Mart,
that he was furloughed from that company in early April without pay due to COVID-19 and was
not called back to work until Memorial Day of 2020. He gave no reason explaining why his appeal
was filed over a year past his administrative appeal deadline. On December 22, 2021, a referee
for the Appeals Tribunal mailed Mr. Ferguson its finding that since Mr. Ferguson had failed to
appeal the Division’s ruling within the thirty-day time limit, the Division’s determination became
final on November 5, 2020, and his appeal was dismissed as untimely. In the Appeals Tribunal
ruling sent to Ferguson, there was a section devoted to Mr. Ferguson’s appeal rights; in that section,
it stated that he had a right to request a hearing on the issue of timeliness and the merits of his case.
It noted that the signed, written request for reassessment “should include the reason why the
original appeal was not filed timely.”
1 “[I]n unemployment benefit cases, we do not view the facts in the light most favorable to the Commission’s decision; instead, we view the evidence objectively. However, on matters of witness credibility, we will defer to the Commission’s determinations.” Piloski v. Div. of Emp. Sec., 503 S.W.3d 253, 256 n.1 (Mo. App. W.D. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted).
2 On December 30, 2021, Mr. Ferguson filed a petition for reassessment. In that letter, he
begins, “First off, let me apologize for not taking care of this in a timely manner. I did not realize
the gravity of the situation and let it fall through the cracks.” He did not provide any further reason
for his belated administrative appeal.2 On February 22, 2022, the Commission affirmed the Order
of the Appeals Tribunal dismissing Mr. Ferguson’s appeal because it was not timely filed. The
Commission’s order states that “Claimant’s allegations, if true, will not support a finding that good
cause exists to extend the time for filing the appeal. As such, claimant has not made a prima facie
showing that claimant is entitled to relief.” This appeal follows.
Appeal Dismissed
The Missouri Supreme Court has recently cautioned that “[t]he appellate courts’ continued
reiteration of the importance of the briefing rules without enforcing any consequence ‘implicitly
condones continued violations and undermines the mandatory nature of the rules.’” State v. Minor,
648 S.W.3d 721, 728-29 (Mo. banc 2022) (quoting Alpert v. State, 543 S.W.3d 589, 601 (Mo. banc
2018) (Fischer, J., dissenting)). Where a party has been warned of briefing deficiencies and
persists in repeating the same errors, we should not “act as an advocate for [the appellant] to
overcome these problems.” Lexow v. Boeing Co., 643 S.W.3d 501, 509 (Mo. banc 2022).
2 Even were we to evaluate the only issue that Mr. Ferguson could appeal—the Commission’s determination that no “good cause exists to extend the time for filing the appeal” over a year past the administrative appeal deadline, Mr. Ferguson’s appeal would fail. “To establish ‘good cause,’ [Mr. Ferguson] must show that he acted in good faith and reasonably under all the circumstances.” Westbrook v. Div. of Emp. Sec., 456 S.W.3d 116, 119 (Mo. App. W.D. 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted). In Westbrook, we pointed to numerous other Missouri case precedent in which a claimant had not established good cause by showing he misplaced the Division’s ruling or failed to comprehend the determination by the Division or failed to understand that the ruling was final. Id. at 119-20. Here, Mr. Ferguson’s statement below that his administrative appeal was not timely filed because he “did not understand the gravity of the situation and let it fall through the cracks” is clearly not grounds for concluding that “good cause” existed to excuse his untimely administrative appeal below.
3 Here, upon the filing of Mr. Ferguson’s first appellant’s brief, he received notification from
the Court that his original Appellant’s Brief was struck for numerous violations of Rule 84.04, the
most pertinent of which are:
• The brief lacks Points Relied On in compliance with the specific requirements of Rule 84.04(d) and necessarily because there are no Points Relied On, they do not include a list of cases or other authority upon which that party principally relies, as required by Rule 84.04(d)(5).
• The point relied on is not restated at the beginning of the section of the argument discussing that point, the argument does not include a concise statement of the applicable standard of review for each claim of error, the argument does not include a concise statement describing whether the error was preserved for appellate review and if so, how it was preserved, and the argument section lacks specific page references to the legal file or transcript, all in violation of Rule 84.04(e).
Though there were numerous other briefing deficiencies noted in the order striking the
Appellant’s Brief, the subsequently filed Amended Appellant’s Brief continues to lack any
discussion whatsoever about how the Commission erred in its conclusion that no good cause
existed to explain the untimely filing of Mr. Ferguson’s appeal below. Mr. Ferguson’s Amended
Appellant’s Brief does not contain a Point Relied On, does not contain any Argument section, does
not cite to any case precedent or other legal authority, and frankly, fails to even mention any
explanation or argument whatsoever about the only issue that could be raised in the present
appeal—the issue of good cause excusing the untimely filing of his administrative appeal below.
Simply put, Mr. Ferguson’s appellate briefing deficiencies are of such magnitude that he has not
preserved any issue for appeal before this Court.
Mr. Ferguson appeals pro se. “We hold pro se appellants to the same procedural rules as
attorneys; we do not grant them preferential treatment regarding compliance with those rules.”
Wallace v. Frazier, 546 S.W.3d 624, 626 (Mo. App. W.D. 2018). “Compliance with Rule 84.04
briefing requirements is mandatory in order to ensure that appellate courts do not become
4 advocates by speculating on facts and on arguments that have not been made.” Id. (internal
quotation marks omitted). “An appellant’s failure to substantially comply with Rule 84.04
preserves nothing for our review and constitutes grounds for dismissal of the appeal.” Id. (internal
quotation marks omitted). “This is particularly true where, as here, we cannot competently rule
on the merits of [the appellant’s] argument without first reconstructing the facts . . . and then
refining and supplementing [his] points and legal argument.” Id. (internal quotation marks
omitted).
Both “Point Relied On” and “Argument” sections are essential to appellate review of a
case. “While it may not be stated explicitly in Rule 84.04, the fundamental requirement for an
appellate argument is that it demonstrate the erroneousness of the basis upon which a lower court
or agency issued an adverse ruling.” Ireland v. Div. of Emp. Sec., 390 S.W.3d 895, 900 (Mo. App.
W.D. 2013). “Unless an appellant challenges the grounds on which an adverse ruling depends, he
has shown no entitlement to appellate relief.” Id. The failure to identify in any way how the
Commission erred in finding that Mr. Ferguson’s appeal was not timely leaves us with no argument
to review.
As we noted above, we are aware that Mr. Ferguson is proceeding pro se and understand
that attempting to navigate the appeals process is not easy. “Although we are mindful of the
difficulties that a party appearing pro se encounters in complying with the rules of procedure, we
must require pro se appellants to comply with these rules.” Brown v. Ameristar Casino Kansas
City, Inc., 211 S.W.3d 145, 146 (Mo. App. W.D. 2007). “We cannot provide preferential treatment
for an appellant appearing pro se. And when, as here, a brief is so defective as to require us and
opposing counsel to hypothesize about the appellant’s argument and precedential support for that
5 argument, we cannot reach the merits.” Ireland, 390 S.W.3d at 900-01 (citation omitted) (internal
quotation marks omitted).
Given Mr. Ferguson’s repeated failure to comply with Rule 84.04, we are compelled to
dismiss his appeal.
Conclusion
Due to numerous and persistent appellate briefing deficiencies in violation of Rule 84.04,
Mr. Ferguson’s appeal is dismissed.
/s/Mark D. Pfeiffer Mark D. Pfeiffer, Judge
Gary D. Witt, Chief Judge, and Cynthia L. Martin, Judge, concur.