Willey v. Kirkpatrick

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedAugust 28, 2015
Docket13-699
StatusPublished

This text of Willey v. Kirkpatrick (Willey v. Kirkpatrick) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Willey v. Kirkpatrick, (2d Cir. 2015).

Opinion

13-699 Willey v. Kirkpatrick UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

_______________

August Term, 2014

(Argued: April 1, 2015 Decided: August 28, 2015)

Docket No. 13‐699

AARON WILLEY,

Plaintiff‐Appellant,

—v.—

ROBERT A. KIRKPATRICK, M. MONAHAN, MARTAIN KERNEY, SCOTT LAMBERT, TAYLOR ROBERTS, M. SZTUK, A. ALLESSANDRO, M. OVERHUFF, TOM SCHOELLKOPFL, JEFF JESZORSKI,

Defendants‐Appellees. _______________

B e f o r e: KATZMANN, Chief Judge, POOLER and CARNEY, Circuit Judges. _______________

Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York (Telesca, J.), which granted summary judgment to the defendants and dismissed all of the plaintiff’s claims brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. We conclude that the grant of summary judgment conflicts with Rule 56(f) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure because it reached, sua sponte and without notice, claims not briefed in the defendants’ motion. We also vacate the district court’s conclusion that the plaintiff failed to state claims for unsanitary conditions and retaliation, and we write to clarify the legal standard for such claims. Finally, we revive Willey’s claims for inadequate nutrition, theft of legal documents, harassment, malicious prosecution, and false imprisonment as sufficiently alleged, and provide guidance for the district court on remand. Accordingly, we VACATE the judgment and REMAND for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. _______________

RYAN A. LEMA (Timothy W. Hoover and Michael S. Silverstein, on the brief), Phillips Lytle LLP, Buffalo, New York, for Plaintiff‐ Appellant.

ROBERT M. GOLDFARB, Assistant Solicitor General, for Andrea Oser, Deputy Solicitor General, Barbara D. Underwood, Solicitor General, and Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General of the State of New York, Albany, New York, for Defendants‐Appellees. _______________

KATZMANN, Chief Judge:

Plaintiff‐Appellant Aaron Willey alleges that, while incarcerated in New

York, he endured a cruel campaign of harassment at the hands of corrections

officers in retaliation for his refusal to provide false information against another

inmate. The course of retaliatory conduct he alleges included smaller indignities

like frequent harassment and a week’s worth of meals that were nutritionally

inadequate. But Willey also alleges that he was on three occasions exposed to

2 unsanitary conditions of confinement in violation of the Eighth Amendment. The

most grotesque exposure Willey alleges is that officers placed him in solitary

confinement with a Plexiglas shield restricting the airflow to his small cell and

then incapacitated his toilet, so that he was reduced to breathing a miasma of his

own accumulating waste. The two other alleged exposures to unsanitary

conditions involved Willey’s detention in an observation cell whose walls and

mattress were smeared with feces and stained with urine. Willey alleges further

retaliatory conduct including theft of his legal documents, malicious prosecution,

and false imprisonment.

Willey proceeded pro se below, naming as defendants several corrections

officers and their supervisors at the Wende Correctional Facility, in Alden, New

York, where Willey was incarcerated during the events alleged in his complaint.

When these defendants moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a

claim, the district court (Siragusa, J.) denied the motion in its entirety. Several

years later, the district court (Telesca, J.) granted the defendants’ motion for

summary judgment, deciding in sum and substance that Willey’s amended

complaint failed to state a claim. The district court’s grant of summary judgment

3 in part on grounds not raised by the movants, without notice to Willey or an

opportunity for him to respond, conflicts with Rule 56(f) of the Federal Rules of

Civil Procedure. As to those grounds that were raised by the defendants, the

district court’s conclusion that Willey’s complaint failed to state a claim rested on

an erroneous legal foundation.

In this opinion, we first reiterate the proper standard for granting summary

judgment on grounds not raised by the movant, which was not met here. Second,

we clarify the standard for a claim for unconstitutional retaliation. Third, we

disagree with the district court’s analysis of Willey’s claim for unsanitary

conditions. Fourth, we revive Willey’s claims for nutritionally inadequate meals,

theft of legal documents, harassment, malicious prosecution, and false

imprisonment. Finally, we suggest to the district court that on remand Willey

receive appointed counsel, an opportunity to take further discovery, and leave to

file a second amended complaint.

4 BACKGROUND

I. Willey’s Complaint

This summary of the relevant factual background we draw principally from

the allegations in Willey’s complaint, because, as we will explore further, the

defendants’ motion for summary judgment rested entirely on the legal sufficiency

of the allegations of the complaint and not on any evidence. Willey, pro se, filed

his original typewritten complaint on August 31, 2007, and filed his handwritten

amended complaint on April 7, 2010. Because they are substantively identical,

with one exception discussed below, this recitation cites to allegations in the

original complaint, all of which appear also in the amended complaint. Compare

Compl., J.A. 17–36, with Am. Compl., J.A. 158–172.

Beginning at age 18, Willey was incarcerated at the Wende Correctional

Facility in Alden, New York, from April 2004 until October 2006, although during

this period he was housed for five months at the Central New York Psychiatric

Facility. The events giving rise to this suit all occurred at Wende, and the

defendants are Wende corrections officers, hearing officers, and their supervisors

who were employed there during Willey’s incarceration. Willey alleges that, on

5 October 15, 2005, he was approached on his way to evening recreation by

Sergeant Scott Lambert, who stopped Willey and requested identification.

Corrections officer Taylor Roberts then performed a pat frisk of Willey, which

uncovered nothing unusual. Nevertheless, Roberts handcuffed Willey and

escorted him “into a room with no cameras or witnesses present.” J.A. 20. In this

room, Willey alleges, the following took place:

I was questioned by defendant LAMBERT about another prisoner who was supposedly smuggling drugs into the prison. I explained that I had no knowledge or recollection of involvement with this person, nor did I even know who this person was. Defendant LAMBERT then opened a desk drawer and pulled out what appeared to be a weapon or piece of metal. Defendant LAMBERT placed this piece of metal on the desk between us, and threatened me by stating, “Either you work with us as an informant or you are going to be charged with a weapon.” At this time I stopped talking completely, to which defendant LAMBERT responded, “Have it your way.” Corrections officers then took me to the WCF special housing unit (solitary confinement) where I was in fact falsely imprisoned.

Id. 1

In this and subsequent quotations from Willey’s complaint, the 1

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Willey v. Kirkpatrick, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/willey-v-kirkpatrick-ca2-2015.