Whitman v. Whitman

180 Misc. 2d 1, 686 N.Y.S.2d 291, 1999 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 60
CourtNew York City Family Court
DecidedFebruary 19, 1999
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 180 Misc. 2d 1 (Whitman v. Whitman) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York City Family Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Whitman v. Whitman, 180 Misc. 2d 1, 686 N.Y.S.2d 291, 1999 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 60 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 1999).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

William J. Kent, J.

Objections to the order entered on October 27, 1998 of the Honorable Elaine M. Crosson, Esq., Hearing Examiner, having been filed with the court, the following disposition is made.

The parties were married in 1973 in Suffolk County, New York. There is one child born of their marriage, to wit: Bret Whitman, date of birth January 31, 1979. In 1979, the petitioner began divorce proceedings in Supreme Court, Suffolk County. Sometime during 1979, the respondent relocated to Colorado. In August of 1979, the petitioner filed a support petition in Family Court, Suffolk County, seeking both child support and spousal support. The matter was transferred to Colorado under the then existing New York Uniform Support of Dependents Law (Domestic Relations Law former art 3-A [USDL]) due to respondent’s relocation. During this time, the matrimonial action in Supreme Court forged ahead. The respondent not having answered in the divorce action, a default judgment was eventually entered on August 5, 1980. The judgment contained the following support provisions:

[3]*3For child support, the. sum of $60 per week; for spousal support, the sum of $65 per week, for a total of $125 per week. Additionally, respondent was required to provide medical/health insurance for the petitioner and the parties’ son.

Meanwhile, the USDL matter continued in Colorado resulting in a stipulation and order of support being entered into on September 25, 1980, approximately six weeks after the divorce. That order required the respondent to pay $100 per month for child support. No mention was made of either spousal support or health insurance.

It is undisputed that from September of 1980 until sometime in 1984, respondent paid $100 each and every month, in accordance with the USDL order. At some point in 1984, respondent apparently missed a couple of payments, whereupon the petitioner filed a USDL petition to enforce her New York order of support. Petitioner admitted during the hearing on the current petition that she only filed in 1984 because respondent missed several payments of the $100 per month. That case was eventually dismissed for jurisdictional reasons.

It is further undisputed that from 1984 to the present, a period of some 14 years, respondent has not missed any payments of $100 per month pursuant to the Colorado order.

In 1997, the respondent sent a letter to the court in Colorado, asking that they find his son to be emancipated. Respondent also sent the letter to the petitioner. In response, the petitioner began this enforcement proceeding, seeking to enforce the support provisions of the 1980 judgment of divorce. On July 31, 1998 a hearing was held before a Hearing Examiner, resulting in an order. The Examiner found that the respondent had defaulted and failed to pay the support ordered by the New York judgment of divorce. The Examiner found that the petitioner had not waived her right to enforce the judgment and to collect those monies. The Examiner further found that because the order that petitioner sought to enforce was from 1980, the six-year Statute of Limitations applied. The Examiner also found that the child was not emancipated. The Hearing Examiner entered money judgments as follows: for child support arrears, $13,410; for spousal support arrears, $23,735; and for unpaid medical, $10,704. This objection ensued in accordance with Family Court Act § 439 (e).

To begin with, there is no question that respondent failed to prove that the child was emancipated. The Hearing Examiner correctly found that the child was still dependent upon his mother for support. The Hearing Examiner also correctly found [4]*4that the respondent failed to obey the New York order of support. There is no question that the order was a valid order, ostensibly enforceable in this court. Further, the Hearing Examiner correctly applied the six-year Statute of Limitations because the order being enforced predated the Legislature’s 1987 enactment of CPLR 211 (e). The only real question before the court is whether there was a waiver on the part of the petitioner of her right to enforce the 1980 judgement of divorce. This court believes there was such a waiver.

From 1980 until the filing of the within enforcement petition, the respondent paid $100 per month to the petitioner as and for child support pursuant to the Colorado order of support, missing only two payments sometime in late 1983 or 1984. Petitioner accepted this $100 per month, only going to court when the respondent did not make those payments. Petitioner knew where respondent lived for most of the 17 years, having admitted so during the hearing. Petitioner further admitted that she corresponded with the respondent “on and off’, whenever she knew where he was living, sending respondent progress reports regarding their child, in addition to cards, letters and so forth. (See, transcript, at 102-103.)

The Colorado order of support was obtained by and consented to by the petitioner. Indeed, the record reflects that the petitioner was quite willing to accept the $100 per month until 1997, when respondent, mistakenly believing that his son was emancipated, sent a letter to the Colorado court that issued the support order. In fact, petitioner testified that during the entire 17 years, all the time she was corresponding with the respondent, she never mentioned the fact that he was paying $100 per month to the respondent even though the judgment of divorce would entitle her to far greater support. Specifically, she stated that she never broached the subject because: “Well, the basic reasons were that I do know that he didn’t work at times. He was working off the books, or he was working odd jobs and that. So it wasn’t pursued. No, it wasn’t. I proceeded to just live my life, and keep things mellow for my son”. (Transcript, at 104.)

It was only when petitioner feared that the $100 per month would cease that she decided to enforce the judgment of divorce. In fact, petitioner testified at the hearing that she only filed the current enforcement petition in response to respondent’s letter seeking that his son be declared emancipated and because “he [respondent] did not want to pay any more money.” (Transcript, at 108.) It is clear that the petitioner was [5]*5fully aware of her support rights under the divorce judgment and elected not to enforce those rights for nearly 17 years.

The seminal case concerning the issues herein is the Court of Appeals decision in Matter of Dox v Tynon (90 NY2d 166 [1997]). In that case, the Court of Appeals held that certain defenses, such as laches, were no longer available to respondents who fail to obey child support orders. The Court noted the changes in the law that had occurred since 1980, particularly the legislative changes which shifted the burden to a respondent to seek prospective modification of a court order of support. However, in Dox, the Court did not “slam the door”, so to speak, on the possibility of waiver as a defense to enforcement actions. Rather, the Court of Appeals referred to the law existing prior to the legislative changes enacted between 1980 and 1987, namely that “[a] custodial parent’s right to collect child support payments pursuant to court order is subject to waiver, both express and implied”. (Matter of Dox v Tynon, at 174.) The Court then applied the law as it stands now to the doctrine of waiver. In Dox, the respondent had not paid a penny of child support for 11 years.

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Bluebook (online)
180 Misc. 2d 1, 686 N.Y.S.2d 291, 1999 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 60, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/whitman-v-whitman-nycfamct-1999.