[Cite as Whitehead v. Skillman Corp., 2014-Ohio-4893.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
MATTHEW WHITEHEAD, : CASE NO. CA2014-03-061 Plaintiff-Appellant, : OPINION : 11/3/2014 - vs - :
SKILLMAN CORPORATION, et al., :
Defendants-Appellees. :
CIVIL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS Case No. CV2012-03-0909
O'Connor, Acciani & Levy LPA, Michael D. Weisensel, 2200 Kroger Building, 1014 Vine Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, for plaintiff-appellant
Matthew R. Skinner, P.O. Box 145496, Cincinnati, Ohio 45250, for defendant-appellee, Ferguson Construction Co.
M. POWELL, J.
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Matthew Whitehead, appeals from a decision in the Butler
County Court of Common Pleas granting judgment on the pleadings to defendant-appellee, 1 Ferguson Construction Company (Ferguson). For the reasons outlined below, we affirm the
decision of the trial court.
1. Pursuant to Loc.R. 6(A), we have sua sponte removed this case from the accelerated calendar. Butler CA2014-03-061
{¶ 2} On March 2, 2012, Whitehead filed a complaint alleging that he was injured on
or about May 23, 2011 while he was working on a construction project for a local school
district. Whitehead named the Skillman Corporation (Skillman), the company directing the
project, as a defendant. In addition to naming Skillman, Whitehead named defendants John
Doe Nos. 1 through 20. In naming the John Doe defendants, Whitehead stated that they
were individuals or entities "whose identities could not be ascertained prior to the filing of this
Complaint despite the due diligence of [Whitehead]." Whitehead later substituted Ferguson
for John Doe No. 1 alleging that Ferguson created the hazard that resulted in his injury. After
being added as a defendant, Ferguson was served with the complaint on October 17, 2013.
{¶ 3} On November 18, 2013, Ferguson filed an answer along with a motion for
judgment on the pleadings. Ferguson argued that the two-year statute of limitations for a
personal injury claim had run, and thus the claim was improper. The trial court granted
Ferguson's motion for judgment on the pleadings. By considering its docket, the trial court
determined that Ferguson was served with the summons and complaint on October 17, 2013
and found that Whitehead named Ferguson as a defendant outside of the statute of
limitations and failed to serve Ferguson within one year of the filing of the original complaint.
{¶ 4} Whitehead now appeals, asserting a single assignment of error for review:
{¶ 5} THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED ERROR IN GRANTING JUDGMENT ON
THE PLEADINGS IN FAVOR OF FERGUSON CONSTRUCTION COMPANY.
{¶ 6} Whitehead argues that the trial court should not have granted Ferguson
judgment on the pleadings. Whitehead contends that it was impossible for the trial court to
determine whether Ferguson was timely included in the case by merely considering the
complaint and answer. It is undisputed that in order to determine when and how Ferguson
was served, the court had to look outside of the pleadings to the records of the clerk of
courts. If we find that it was proper for the trial court to consider the date Ferguson was -2- Butler CA2014-03-061
served by consulting its docket, Whitehead argues that his personal injury claim against
Ferguson was not outside of the statute of limitations because the claim relates back to the
date of the filing of the original complaint pursuant to Civ.R. 15(C).
{¶ 7} A trial court's decision on a Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings
is reviewed by an appellate court de novo. Golden v. Milford Exempted Village School Bd. of
Edn., 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2008-10-097, 2009-Ohio-3418, ¶ 6. Pursuant to Civ.R.
12(C), a judgment on the pleadings is appropriate if the court finds, beyond doubt, that the
plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim that would entitle him to relief. In
ruling on the Civ.R. 12(C) motion, the court construes as true all the material allegations in
the complaint, with all reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, in favor of the
nonmoving party. Corporex Dev. & Constr. Mgt., Inc. v. Shook, 106 Ohio St.3d 412, 2005-
Ohio-5409, ¶ 2. Civ.R. 12(C) motions are specifically for resolving questions of law. Whaley
v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 92 Ohio St.3d 574, 581. "The determination of a motion for
judgment on the pleadings is limited solely to the allegations in the pleadings and any
writings attached to the pleadings." Golden at ¶ 3, citing Peterson v. Teodosio, 34 Ohio
St.2d 161 (1973).
{¶ 8} The Ohio Supreme Court has held that "[i]t is axiomatic that a trial court may
take judicial notice of its own docket." Indus. Risk Insurers v. Lorenz Equip. Co., 69 Ohio
St.3d 576, 580 (1994). In the context of a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion, which must be judged only
considering the face of the complaint, we have held that a court may take judicial notice of
the court proceedings in the immediate case. See Mansour v. Croushore, 194 Ohio App.3d
819, 2011-Ohio-3342, ¶ 18 (12th Dist.); see also Anetomang v. OKI Sys. Ltd., 10th Dist.
Franklin No. 10AP-1182, 2012-Ohio-822. Consequently, it was proper for the trial court to
take judicial notice of its docket in the immediate case in the context of a Civ.R. 12(C) motion
to determine when and how Ferguson was served with the complaint and summons. -3- Butler CA2014-03-061
{¶ 9} To avoid the time bar of an applicable statute of limitations when determining
whether a formerly unknown or fictitious defendant who is now known has been properly
served, Civ.R. 15(C), (D), and 3(A) must be read in conjunction with one another. Amerine v.
Haughton Elevator Co., Div. of Reliance Elec. Co., 42 Ohio St.3d 57 (1989), paragraph one
of the syllabus. Civ.R. 15(C) provides for when an amended complaint relates back to the
date of the filing of the original complaint, and states in part:
Whenever the claim or defense asserted in the amended pleading arose out of the conduct, transaction, or occurrence set forth or attempted to be set forth in the original pleading, the amendment relates back to the date of the original pleading.
Additionally, the rule specifies the conditions under which an amendment relates back to the
filing of the original complaint when there is a change in the named party. Id. In any event,
in order for Civ.R. 15(C) to apply when an unknown or fictitious defendant is involved, the
plaintiff must comply with the specific requirements of Civ.R. 15(D). LaNeve v. Atlas
Recycling, Inc., 119 Ohio St.3d 324, 2008-Ohio-3921, ¶ 11.
{¶ 10} When filing a complaint, Civ.R. 15(D) is invoked when a plaintiff is acquainted
with the description of a defendant but is unaware of the defendant's name at the time the
complaint is filed. Mardis v. Meadow Wood Nursing Home, 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2010-04-
007, 2010-Ohio-4800, ¶ 28, citing Erwin v. Bryan, 125 Ohio St.3d 519, 2010-Ohio-2202, ¶
23. Under this rule, a plaintiff can file a complaint and later amend that complaint when the
name of the unknown party is discovered. Anetomang at ¶ 10, citing Civ.R. 15(D). "[W]hen
a plaintiff designates a defendant by a fictitious name, Civ.R. 15(D) requires that the plaintiff
provide a description of the defendant in the pleadings and aver in the complaint the fact that
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[Cite as Whitehead v. Skillman Corp., 2014-Ohio-4893.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
MATTHEW WHITEHEAD, : CASE NO. CA2014-03-061 Plaintiff-Appellant, : OPINION : 11/3/2014 - vs - :
SKILLMAN CORPORATION, et al., :
Defendants-Appellees. :
CIVIL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS Case No. CV2012-03-0909
O'Connor, Acciani & Levy LPA, Michael D. Weisensel, 2200 Kroger Building, 1014 Vine Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, for plaintiff-appellant
Matthew R. Skinner, P.O. Box 145496, Cincinnati, Ohio 45250, for defendant-appellee, Ferguson Construction Co.
M. POWELL, J.
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Matthew Whitehead, appeals from a decision in the Butler
County Court of Common Pleas granting judgment on the pleadings to defendant-appellee, 1 Ferguson Construction Company (Ferguson). For the reasons outlined below, we affirm the
decision of the trial court.
1. Pursuant to Loc.R. 6(A), we have sua sponte removed this case from the accelerated calendar. Butler CA2014-03-061
{¶ 2} On March 2, 2012, Whitehead filed a complaint alleging that he was injured on
or about May 23, 2011 while he was working on a construction project for a local school
district. Whitehead named the Skillman Corporation (Skillman), the company directing the
project, as a defendant. In addition to naming Skillman, Whitehead named defendants John
Doe Nos. 1 through 20. In naming the John Doe defendants, Whitehead stated that they
were individuals or entities "whose identities could not be ascertained prior to the filing of this
Complaint despite the due diligence of [Whitehead]." Whitehead later substituted Ferguson
for John Doe No. 1 alleging that Ferguson created the hazard that resulted in his injury. After
being added as a defendant, Ferguson was served with the complaint on October 17, 2013.
{¶ 3} On November 18, 2013, Ferguson filed an answer along with a motion for
judgment on the pleadings. Ferguson argued that the two-year statute of limitations for a
personal injury claim had run, and thus the claim was improper. The trial court granted
Ferguson's motion for judgment on the pleadings. By considering its docket, the trial court
determined that Ferguson was served with the summons and complaint on October 17, 2013
and found that Whitehead named Ferguson as a defendant outside of the statute of
limitations and failed to serve Ferguson within one year of the filing of the original complaint.
{¶ 4} Whitehead now appeals, asserting a single assignment of error for review:
{¶ 5} THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED ERROR IN GRANTING JUDGMENT ON
THE PLEADINGS IN FAVOR OF FERGUSON CONSTRUCTION COMPANY.
{¶ 6} Whitehead argues that the trial court should not have granted Ferguson
judgment on the pleadings. Whitehead contends that it was impossible for the trial court to
determine whether Ferguson was timely included in the case by merely considering the
complaint and answer. It is undisputed that in order to determine when and how Ferguson
was served, the court had to look outside of the pleadings to the records of the clerk of
courts. If we find that it was proper for the trial court to consider the date Ferguson was -2- Butler CA2014-03-061
served by consulting its docket, Whitehead argues that his personal injury claim against
Ferguson was not outside of the statute of limitations because the claim relates back to the
date of the filing of the original complaint pursuant to Civ.R. 15(C).
{¶ 7} A trial court's decision on a Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings
is reviewed by an appellate court de novo. Golden v. Milford Exempted Village School Bd. of
Edn., 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2008-10-097, 2009-Ohio-3418, ¶ 6. Pursuant to Civ.R.
12(C), a judgment on the pleadings is appropriate if the court finds, beyond doubt, that the
plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim that would entitle him to relief. In
ruling on the Civ.R. 12(C) motion, the court construes as true all the material allegations in
the complaint, with all reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, in favor of the
nonmoving party. Corporex Dev. & Constr. Mgt., Inc. v. Shook, 106 Ohio St.3d 412, 2005-
Ohio-5409, ¶ 2. Civ.R. 12(C) motions are specifically for resolving questions of law. Whaley
v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 92 Ohio St.3d 574, 581. "The determination of a motion for
judgment on the pleadings is limited solely to the allegations in the pleadings and any
writings attached to the pleadings." Golden at ¶ 3, citing Peterson v. Teodosio, 34 Ohio
St.2d 161 (1973).
{¶ 8} The Ohio Supreme Court has held that "[i]t is axiomatic that a trial court may
take judicial notice of its own docket." Indus. Risk Insurers v. Lorenz Equip. Co., 69 Ohio
St.3d 576, 580 (1994). In the context of a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion, which must be judged only
considering the face of the complaint, we have held that a court may take judicial notice of
the court proceedings in the immediate case. See Mansour v. Croushore, 194 Ohio App.3d
819, 2011-Ohio-3342, ¶ 18 (12th Dist.); see also Anetomang v. OKI Sys. Ltd., 10th Dist.
Franklin No. 10AP-1182, 2012-Ohio-822. Consequently, it was proper for the trial court to
take judicial notice of its docket in the immediate case in the context of a Civ.R. 12(C) motion
to determine when and how Ferguson was served with the complaint and summons. -3- Butler CA2014-03-061
{¶ 9} To avoid the time bar of an applicable statute of limitations when determining
whether a formerly unknown or fictitious defendant who is now known has been properly
served, Civ.R. 15(C), (D), and 3(A) must be read in conjunction with one another. Amerine v.
Haughton Elevator Co., Div. of Reliance Elec. Co., 42 Ohio St.3d 57 (1989), paragraph one
of the syllabus. Civ.R. 15(C) provides for when an amended complaint relates back to the
date of the filing of the original complaint, and states in part:
Whenever the claim or defense asserted in the amended pleading arose out of the conduct, transaction, or occurrence set forth or attempted to be set forth in the original pleading, the amendment relates back to the date of the original pleading.
Additionally, the rule specifies the conditions under which an amendment relates back to the
filing of the original complaint when there is a change in the named party. Id. In any event,
in order for Civ.R. 15(C) to apply when an unknown or fictitious defendant is involved, the
plaintiff must comply with the specific requirements of Civ.R. 15(D). LaNeve v. Atlas
Recycling, Inc., 119 Ohio St.3d 324, 2008-Ohio-3921, ¶ 11.
{¶ 10} When filing a complaint, Civ.R. 15(D) is invoked when a plaintiff is acquainted
with the description of a defendant but is unaware of the defendant's name at the time the
complaint is filed. Mardis v. Meadow Wood Nursing Home, 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2010-04-
007, 2010-Ohio-4800, ¶ 28, citing Erwin v. Bryan, 125 Ohio St.3d 519, 2010-Ohio-2202, ¶
23. Under this rule, a plaintiff can file a complaint and later amend that complaint when the
name of the unknown party is discovered. Anetomang at ¶ 10, citing Civ.R. 15(D). "[W]hen
a plaintiff designates a defendant by a fictitious name, Civ.R. 15(D) requires that the plaintiff
provide a description of the defendant in the pleadings and aver in the complaint the fact that
the plaintiff could not discover the name." (Emphasis sic.) Erwin at ¶ 23. Furthermore,
Civ.R. 15(D) "directs that the summons contain the words 'name unknown' and be personally
served on the defendant." Id.
-4- Butler CA2014-03-061
{¶ 11} In this case, in the original complaint, Whitehead stated that he could not
ascertain the fictitious defendants. There was no description that would provide enough
information for the John Doe defendants to be served. Whitehead only stated that the John
Doe defendants were somehow involved in the school district construction project, directly or
as agents of another company. Moreover, Whitehead did not request that a summons be
issued containing "name unknown," nor was such a summons ever served on Ferguson.
Consequently, Whitehead did not comply with the specific requirements of Civ.R. 15(D).
{¶ 12} Additionally, Civ.R. 3(A) requires that service be obtained upon a defendant,
including a formerly unknown or fictitious defendant, within one year of the filing of an original
complaint. "[W]here a plaintiff names a fictitious defendant and later corrects the complaint
to insert the defendant's proper name, the amendment relates back to the filing of the original
complaint and the defendant must be served with process within one year of the date the
original complaint was filed." Mardis at ¶ 28, citing Amerine, 42 Ohio St.3d at 59. When the
defendant is served within one year of the original complaint, "so long as the original
complaint was filed prior to the expiration of the statutory time limit, 'service does not have to
be made on the formerly fictitious, now identified, defendant within the statute of limitations.'"
LaNeve, 119 Ohio St.3d 324, 2008-Ohio-3921 at ¶ 12, quoting Amerine at 59.
{¶ 13} In this case, the original complaint was filed on March 2, 2012, within the two-
year statute of limitations for a personal injury claim. See R.C. 2305.10(A). Nevertheless,
Ferguson was not served until October 17, 2013. As such, service was not obtained upon
Ferguson within one year of the filing of the original complaint as required by Civ.R. 3(A).
Because Whitehead neither complied with the specific provisions of Civ.R. 15(D) nor Civ.R.
3(A), the relation-back provision of Civ.R. 15(C) does not apply.
{¶ 14} As the trial court may take judicial notice of its own docket and the relation-back
provision of Civ.R. 15(C) does not apply, the trial court was proper in granting Ferguson -5- Butler CA2014-03-061
judgment on the pleadings. Whitehead's single assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 15} Judgment affirmed.
RINGLAND, P.J., and S. POWELL, J., concur.
-6-