White v. State

400 N.W.2d 153, 1987 Minn. App. LEXIS 4025
CourtCourt of Appeals of Minnesota
DecidedFebruary 3, 1987
DocketC6-86-999
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 400 N.W.2d 153 (White v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Minnesota primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
White v. State, 400 N.W.2d 153, 1987 Minn. App. LEXIS 4025 (Mich. Ct. App. 1987).

Opinions

OPINION

FOLEY, Judge.

This appeal is from an order granting post-conviction relief to respondent Joseph White. After holding Minn.Stat. § 590.01, subd. 3 (1984) unconstitutional, the post-conviction court resentenced White, even though it was expressly unable to make the requisite statutory findings that White’s early release would not present a danger to the public and would not be incompatible with the welfare of society. Appellant State of Minnesota challenges the court’s actions and appeals pursuant to Minn.Stat. § 590.06 (1984). We reverse.

FACTS

On April 19, 1980, White kidnapped two juvenile females and held them in his vehicle for several hours until they escaped. While out on bail, he allegedly committed another assault with a knife.

On August 25, 1980, White entered a plea of guilty to kidnapping in violation of Minn.Stat. § 609.25, subd. 1(3) (1978). In exchange for his plea, the State agreed to dismiss nine other counts arising out of the kidnapping incident and to dismiss the complaint issued in connection with the assault White allegedly committed while out on bail. In September 1980, White was sentenced to zero to 40 years, the indeterminate sentence for the kidnapping offense. After review of his case by the Minnesota Corrections Board in May 1981, White was removed from the matrix and assigned expiration of his sentence, with a target release date in 2007; had he been sentenced under the guidelines, White would have originally received a presumptive sentence of only 41 months in prison.

White filed this petition for post-conviction relief in February 1986, seeking resen-tencing. A hearing was held in May 1986 at which White testified and evidence was presented. At the close of the evidence, the post-conviction court issued its decision orally on the record; that decision was reduced to writing in a “Post Conviction Relief Order” dated May 23, 1986.

In that order, the court stated that it was “unable to make a specific Finding of Fact, as required by [Minn.Stat. § 590.01, subd. 3], that the release of the petitioner prior to his release under the sentence currently being served would not present a danger to the public and would not be incompatible with the welfare of society.” The court nevertheless resentenced White to a determinate sentence of 150 months, “27 months more than a triple upward durational departure” under the guidelines, because in its opinion “the heavy burden being placed upon this defendant in comparison with people who have been and are being sentenced [under the guidelines] for crimes as severe as second degree murder, does not pass constitutional muster.” The State appeals.

[155]*155ISSUES

1. Does the evidence support the post-conviction court’s conclusion that White failed to demonstrate that his early release would not present a danger to the public and would not be incompatible with the welfare of society?

2. Is Minn.Stat. § 590.01, subd. 3 (1984) unconstitutional as applied to White because it denies him equal protection of the law?

ANALYSIS

I

Minn.Stat. § 590.01 (1984) provides:

Subd. 3. A person who has been convicted and sentenced for a crime committed before May 1, 1980 may institute a proceeding applying for relief under this chapter upon the ground that a significant change in substantive or procedural law has occurred which, in the interest of justice, would be applied retrospectively, including re-sentencing under subsequently enacted law.
No petition seeking re-sentencing shall be granted unless the court makes specific findings of fact that release of the petitioner prior to the time he or she would be released under the sentence currently being served does not present a danger to the public and is not incompatible with the welfare of society.

Id.

A petitioner seeking resentencing under this statute has the burden of proof. Smith v. State, 317 N.W.2d 366, 367 (Minn.1982). In determining whether a petitioner meets this burden, a post-conviction court may consider the circumstances of the offense underlying the conviction along with other factors including the petitioner’s criminal record and/or recidivism, and his behavior in prison. State v. Boman, 320 N.W.2d 77, 78-79 (Minn.1982); State v. Champion, 319 N.W.2d 21, 23 (Minn.1982); Stahlberg v. State, 319 N.W.2d 12, 13 (Minn.1982).

The evidence in this case shows that White has a long criminal history of violent crimes dating back to 1972. He pleaded guilty to the current offense after admitting that he kidnapped two juvenile females, forced them to undress, sexually assaulted both, and threatened to kill them and himself. The juveniles were able to escape after several hours only by running naked from White’s car.

At the post-conviction hearing, White testified that while in prison he has participated in a sexual offender treatment program and has been attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings for the past 18 months. He further testified that he has completed his GED and has been accepted at three Minnesota colleges. White also submitted documentary evidence, however, which showed that he has committed two assaults while in prison, the most recent in May 1985, and that as of June 1985 prison staff were still concerned about his response to situations in which he believed he was emotionally or physically threatened. The State submitted a psychological report dated October 1984, which stated that White “acts usually in gentle, non-violent ways, but feels competitive and aggressive at deeper levels” and that an “[ojutburst of pugnacity would not be surprising.”

Based on the evidence submitted, the post-conviction court concluded that it was “unable to make” the requisite findings that White’s release would not present a danger to the public and would not be incompatible with the welfare of society. This conclusion is amply supported by the evidence, most of which White introduced. White therefore has not met his burden, and his failure to do so precludes resen-tencing under Minn.Stat. § 590.01, subd. 3.

White argues that at the very least, the matter should be remanded. We disagree. White was given ample opportunity to present evidence at the first hearing, and remand for another hearing would serve no purpose.

[156]*156II

In spite of its inability to make the requisite statutory findings, the trial court nevertheless resentenced White because it found that the burden placed on him by the statute denied him equal protection of the law and was unconstitutional.

Criminal statutes must not prescribe different punishments “ ‘for the same acts committed under the same circumstances by persons in like situation.’ ” State v. Witt, 310 Minn. 211, 215, 245 N.W.2d 612, 616 (1976) (quoting 16A C.J.S., Constitutional Law, § 564). The crime for which White was sentenced was committed 12 days before May 1,1980, the day the guidelines became effective.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

State v. LaRose
673 N.W.2d 157 (Court of Appeals of Minnesota, 2004)
Shelley v. State
412 N.W.2d 761 (Court of Appeals of Minnesota, 1987)
White v. State
400 N.W.2d 153 (Court of Appeals of Minnesota, 1987)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
400 N.W.2d 153, 1987 Minn. App. LEXIS 4025, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/white-v-state-minnctapp-1987.