314 Ga. 484 FINAL COPY
S22A1236. WHEELER v. THE STATE.
PETERSON, Presiding Justice.
Eric Wheeler appeals his convictions for murder, aggravated
assault, and other crimes arising from the fatal shooting of Sonya
Corbett and non-fatal shooting of Albert Carter.1 Wheeler’s sole
1 The crimes occurred on April 26, 2003. On January 27, 2004, Wheeler
was indicted by a Fulton County grand jury for the malice murder of Corbett (Count 1); three counts of felony murder against Corbett (Counts 2-4); two counts of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, against Corbett and Carter (Counts 5 and 7); the burglary of Corbett’s home (Count 6); two counts of aggravated assault, against Carter and Lakeisha Hicks (Counts 8-9); four counts of possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony (Counts 10 (predicated on the aggravated assault of Corbett), 11 (predicated on the aggravated assault of Carter), 12 (predicated on the aggravated assault of Hicks), and 13 (predicated on the burglary)), and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon (Count 14). Wheeler was tried by a jury. During the trial, Counts 9 and 12, charging crimes involving Hicks, were placed on the dead docket. On May 17, 2004, the jury returned a verdict of guilty as to the remaining counts. The trial court sentenced Wheeler to life imprisonment on Count 1 and merged Counts 2-4 into it; those felony murder counts in fact were vacated by operation of law. See Malcolm v. State, 263 Ga. 369, 372 (4) (434 SE2d 479) (1993). The trial court purported to both merge Count 5 into Count 1 and impose a 20-year sentence on it. The trial court imposed a 20-year sentence consecutive to Count 1 on Count 6. It imposed a 20-year sentence consecutive to the preceding counts on Count 7 and purported to both merge Count 8 into enumeration of error on appeal is that the trial court erred in not
suppressing evidence of a gun, an empty ammunition box, and
bloody clothing that were seized as the result of an allegedly
unconstitutional search. But any error was harmless, because
Wheeler admitted shooting the victims. We thus affirm his
convictions. We have noticed an issue as to two counts that the court
purported to merge into other counts but also enter sentences on
those same counts; because we cannot resolve that issue definitively
Count 7 and also impose a 20-year sentence on Count 8. The trial court imposed 5-year sentences on each of Counts 10, 11, 13, and 14 to run consecutively to all of the preceding counts and to each other, for a total of life in prison plus 60 years. Wheeler filed a motion for new trial in June 2004 and, after appellate counsel was appointed, amended the motion in February and March 2020. After two evidentiary hearings, the trial court denied the motion on September 27, 2021. Wheeler filed a notice of appeal on October 7, 2021. This Court dismissed the appeal on November 23, 2021, because the two dead-docketed counts remained pending in the trial court. The trial court entered an order of nolle prosequi as to them on December 20, 2021. Wheeler filed another notice of appeal on January 10, 2022. The case was docketed to this Court’s April 2022 term. But because the trial court had denied Wheeler’s motion for new trial before the judgment was final, on June 1, 2022, we vacated that denial, again dismissed Wheeler’s appeal, and remanded the case to the trial court with direction to enter an order on the pending motion for new trial. On July 5, 2022, the trial court entered an order denying Wheeler’s motion for new trial, at which point the January 10 notice of appeal ripened. The case was re- docketed, this time to the Court’s August 2022 term, and submitted for a decision on the briefs. 2 on the record before us, we vacate the merger of and sentences on
those counts and remand for further proceedings.
The trial evidence showed that Wheeler was Corbett’s abusive
romantic partner. Following a violent incident on April 4, 2003,
Corbett ended their relationship. Because Corbett remained afraid
of Wheeler, family members often stayed at her home.
On the night of Corbett’s murder, Carter — Corbett’s cousin —
and Carter’s romantic partner, Lakeisha Hicks, were at Corbett’s
home and were in an upstairs bedroom when Hicks heard several
large “booms.” Hicks told Carter to get out of bed, at which point
they heard Wheeler threaten Corbett and yell, “I’m going to kill all
of you all.” When Hicks heard someone running up the stairs, she
leapt from a second-story window, breaking her feet in the fall.
Meanwhile, Carter saw Wheeler carrying Corbett up the stairs.
Wheeler started shooting at Carter, hitting Carter in the leg as
Carter also jumped out of the window.
Wheeler testified at trial and admitted that he shot Corbett
repeatedly, pausing between firing to berate her about how it was
3 her fault he was shooting her. Corbett suffered three gunshot
wounds and died. As Wheeler drove away from the home, he shot
the fleeing Carter five times from behind.
Wheeler claimed in this trial testimony that he had become
angry and kicked the door in after Corbett refused him entry. He
testified that Corbett pointed a gun at him while Carter brandished
a knife. Wheeler claimed that he and Corbett scuffled and he took
the gun from her. He testified that he shot Carter because Carter
was urging Corbett to kill him. By the time he shot Corbett, Wheeler
said, he had “lost it.”
While police were searching for Wheeler following Corbett’s
death, a detective contacted Wheeler’s sister, who directed police to
the apartment of Tamara Burley, one of Wheeler’s girlfriends. When
police arrived, Burley ran to them, saying, “He’s in there. Get him
out.” Five minutes later, Wheeler exited; police ordered him onto the
ground and handcuffed him. Burley gave police consent to search
her apartment, and during the search, police recovered a 9mm
handgun in a fireplace, an empty box of 9mm ammunition, and a
4 black garbage bag containing blood-stained clothing. Police did not
obtain consent for the search from Wheeler, who had been placed in
the back of a police vehicle.
Prior to trial, Wheeler filed a motion to suppress this evidence.
The trial court held a hearing midtrial, outside the jury’s presence.
According to police testimony, after Wheeler was taken into custody,
Burley signed a consent form authorizing officers to search her
apartment. Police testified that Burley told them she was “the legal
resident” of the home, and that although Wheeler had lived there
previously and refused to return his key, she had kicked him out
months ago and removed all of his belongings. But Burley testified
in the hearing that at the time of the search, Wheeler still lived in
the apartment, paid rent, had a key, and kept clothing there.
Wheeler argued that he had an expectation of privacy in the
apartment, especially in the bag containing his bloody clothing. He
argued that Burley’s consent without his own was insufficient to
authorize the entire search at issue under Georgia v. Randolph, 547
U.S. 103 (126 SCt 1515, 164 LE2d 208) (2006). See id. at 106 (“[I]n
5 the circumstances here at issue, a physically present co-occupant’s
stated refusal to permit entry prevails, rendering the warrantless
search unreasonable and invalid as to him.”). The trial court denied
Wheeler’s motion, and the evidence was admitted.
1. On appeal, Wheeler challenges the trial court’s denial of
the motion to suppress.
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314 Ga. 484 FINAL COPY
S22A1236. WHEELER v. THE STATE.
PETERSON, Presiding Justice.
Eric Wheeler appeals his convictions for murder, aggravated
assault, and other crimes arising from the fatal shooting of Sonya
Corbett and non-fatal shooting of Albert Carter.1 Wheeler’s sole
1 The crimes occurred on April 26, 2003. On January 27, 2004, Wheeler
was indicted by a Fulton County grand jury for the malice murder of Corbett (Count 1); three counts of felony murder against Corbett (Counts 2-4); two counts of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, against Corbett and Carter (Counts 5 and 7); the burglary of Corbett’s home (Count 6); two counts of aggravated assault, against Carter and Lakeisha Hicks (Counts 8-9); four counts of possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony (Counts 10 (predicated on the aggravated assault of Corbett), 11 (predicated on the aggravated assault of Carter), 12 (predicated on the aggravated assault of Hicks), and 13 (predicated on the burglary)), and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon (Count 14). Wheeler was tried by a jury. During the trial, Counts 9 and 12, charging crimes involving Hicks, were placed on the dead docket. On May 17, 2004, the jury returned a verdict of guilty as to the remaining counts. The trial court sentenced Wheeler to life imprisonment on Count 1 and merged Counts 2-4 into it; those felony murder counts in fact were vacated by operation of law. See Malcolm v. State, 263 Ga. 369, 372 (4) (434 SE2d 479) (1993). The trial court purported to both merge Count 5 into Count 1 and impose a 20-year sentence on it. The trial court imposed a 20-year sentence consecutive to Count 1 on Count 6. It imposed a 20-year sentence consecutive to the preceding counts on Count 7 and purported to both merge Count 8 into enumeration of error on appeal is that the trial court erred in not
suppressing evidence of a gun, an empty ammunition box, and
bloody clothing that were seized as the result of an allegedly
unconstitutional search. But any error was harmless, because
Wheeler admitted shooting the victims. We thus affirm his
convictions. We have noticed an issue as to two counts that the court
purported to merge into other counts but also enter sentences on
those same counts; because we cannot resolve that issue definitively
Count 7 and also impose a 20-year sentence on Count 8. The trial court imposed 5-year sentences on each of Counts 10, 11, 13, and 14 to run consecutively to all of the preceding counts and to each other, for a total of life in prison plus 60 years. Wheeler filed a motion for new trial in June 2004 and, after appellate counsel was appointed, amended the motion in February and March 2020. After two evidentiary hearings, the trial court denied the motion on September 27, 2021. Wheeler filed a notice of appeal on October 7, 2021. This Court dismissed the appeal on November 23, 2021, because the two dead-docketed counts remained pending in the trial court. The trial court entered an order of nolle prosequi as to them on December 20, 2021. Wheeler filed another notice of appeal on January 10, 2022. The case was docketed to this Court’s April 2022 term. But because the trial court had denied Wheeler’s motion for new trial before the judgment was final, on June 1, 2022, we vacated that denial, again dismissed Wheeler’s appeal, and remanded the case to the trial court with direction to enter an order on the pending motion for new trial. On July 5, 2022, the trial court entered an order denying Wheeler’s motion for new trial, at which point the January 10 notice of appeal ripened. The case was re- docketed, this time to the Court’s August 2022 term, and submitted for a decision on the briefs. 2 on the record before us, we vacate the merger of and sentences on
those counts and remand for further proceedings.
The trial evidence showed that Wheeler was Corbett’s abusive
romantic partner. Following a violent incident on April 4, 2003,
Corbett ended their relationship. Because Corbett remained afraid
of Wheeler, family members often stayed at her home.
On the night of Corbett’s murder, Carter — Corbett’s cousin —
and Carter’s romantic partner, Lakeisha Hicks, were at Corbett’s
home and were in an upstairs bedroom when Hicks heard several
large “booms.” Hicks told Carter to get out of bed, at which point
they heard Wheeler threaten Corbett and yell, “I’m going to kill all
of you all.” When Hicks heard someone running up the stairs, she
leapt from a second-story window, breaking her feet in the fall.
Meanwhile, Carter saw Wheeler carrying Corbett up the stairs.
Wheeler started shooting at Carter, hitting Carter in the leg as
Carter also jumped out of the window.
Wheeler testified at trial and admitted that he shot Corbett
repeatedly, pausing between firing to berate her about how it was
3 her fault he was shooting her. Corbett suffered three gunshot
wounds and died. As Wheeler drove away from the home, he shot
the fleeing Carter five times from behind.
Wheeler claimed in this trial testimony that he had become
angry and kicked the door in after Corbett refused him entry. He
testified that Corbett pointed a gun at him while Carter brandished
a knife. Wheeler claimed that he and Corbett scuffled and he took
the gun from her. He testified that he shot Carter because Carter
was urging Corbett to kill him. By the time he shot Corbett, Wheeler
said, he had “lost it.”
While police were searching for Wheeler following Corbett’s
death, a detective contacted Wheeler’s sister, who directed police to
the apartment of Tamara Burley, one of Wheeler’s girlfriends. When
police arrived, Burley ran to them, saying, “He’s in there. Get him
out.” Five minutes later, Wheeler exited; police ordered him onto the
ground and handcuffed him. Burley gave police consent to search
her apartment, and during the search, police recovered a 9mm
handgun in a fireplace, an empty box of 9mm ammunition, and a
4 black garbage bag containing blood-stained clothing. Police did not
obtain consent for the search from Wheeler, who had been placed in
the back of a police vehicle.
Prior to trial, Wheeler filed a motion to suppress this evidence.
The trial court held a hearing midtrial, outside the jury’s presence.
According to police testimony, after Wheeler was taken into custody,
Burley signed a consent form authorizing officers to search her
apartment. Police testified that Burley told them she was “the legal
resident” of the home, and that although Wheeler had lived there
previously and refused to return his key, she had kicked him out
months ago and removed all of his belongings. But Burley testified
in the hearing that at the time of the search, Wheeler still lived in
the apartment, paid rent, had a key, and kept clothing there.
Wheeler argued that he had an expectation of privacy in the
apartment, especially in the bag containing his bloody clothing. He
argued that Burley’s consent without his own was insufficient to
authorize the entire search at issue under Georgia v. Randolph, 547
U.S. 103 (126 SCt 1515, 164 LE2d 208) (2006). See id. at 106 (“[I]n
5 the circumstances here at issue, a physically present co-occupant’s
stated refusal to permit entry prevails, rendering the warrantless
search unreasonable and invalid as to him.”). The trial court denied
Wheeler’s motion, and the evidence was admitted.
1. On appeal, Wheeler challenges the trial court’s denial of
the motion to suppress. We need not decide whether the trial court
erred, as Wheeler’s admission that he shot Corbett and Carter
rendered any error harmless.
Only harmful evidentiary errors warrant reversal. See OCGA
§ 24-1-103 (a) (“Error shall not be predicated upon a ruling which
admits or excludes evidence unless a substantial right of the party
is affected . . . .”). In determining the harmlessness of non-
constitutional error, we must decide “whether it is highly probable”
that it “did not contribute to the verdict.” Timmons v. State, 302 Ga.
464, 470 (2) (b) (807 SE2d 363) (2017) (citation and punctuation
omitted). To do so, we review the record de novo and “weigh the
evidence as we would expect reasonable jurors to have done so.”
Peoples v. State, 295 Ga. 44, 55 (4) (c) (757 SE2d 646) (2014) (citation
6 and punctuation omitted).
Wheeler argues that “absent the gun and the bloody clothes,
there was no physical evidence tying him to the murder.” But
physical evidence tying Wheeler to the crimes would have been
merely cumulative of his admission that he shot the victims. And
the evidence Wheeler sought to suppress had no bearing on his claim
that he shot the victims in self-defense, and thus it is highly
probable that its admission did not contribute to the verdicts. Any
error in admitting the evidence was therefore harmless.
2. Although not raised by the parties on the appeal, the trial
court’s sentencing orders reflect that Counts 5 and 8 were merged
into other counts, but also had 20-year sentences imposed on each of
them. If merger as to either of those counts was proper, the sentence
on that count would be void. See Nazario v. State, 293 Ga. 480, 480
(746 SE2d 109) (2013) (“A conviction that merges with another
conviction is void — a nullity — and a sentence imposed on such a
void conviction is illegal and will be vacated if noticed by this Court
. . . .”). But neither Count 5 nor Count 8 merged as a matter of law;
7 if merger was appropriate, it would be as a matter of fact. See Miller
v. State, 309 Ga. 549, 552 (3) (847 SE2d 344) (2020) (When there is
“no evidence to suggest the occurrence of an aggravated assault
independent of the act which caused the victim’s death,” a jury’s
guilty verdict on the aggravated assault merges as a matter of fact
with the malice murder verdict for sentencing purposes. (citation
and punctuation omitted)); State v. Owens, 312 Ga. 212, 224 (6) (862
SE2d 125) (2021) (“The aggravated assault convictions do not merge
under the circumstances of this case.”). And the trial court made no
findings on that point, so we cannot determine whether merger was
proper. What is clear is that Counts 5 and 8 may not merge into
other counts and simultaneously have a 20-year sentence imposed
on them. Accordingly, we vacate both the merger of and the
sentences on Counts 5 and 8 and remand for the trial court to
determine the appropriate dispositions.
Judgment affirmed in part and vacated in part, and case remanded. All the Justices concur.
8 Decided August 23, 2022.
Murder. Fulton Superior Court. Before Judge Brasher.
The Hames Law Firm, Adam M. Hames, for appellant.
Fani T. Willis, District Attorney, Lyndsey H. Rudder, Kevin C.
Armstrong, Elizabeth Rosenwasser, Assistant District Attorneys;
Christopher M. Carr, Attorney General, Patricia B. Attaway Burton,
Deputy Attorney General, Paula K. Smith, Senior Assistant Attorney
General, Eric C. Peters, Assistant Attorney General, for appellee.