Wheeler v. Creekmore

469 S.W.2d 559, 1971 Ky. LEXIS 304
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976)
DecidedJuly 2, 1971
StatusPublished
Cited by25 cases

This text of 469 S.W.2d 559 (Wheeler v. Creekmore) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976) primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wheeler v. Creekmore, 469 S.W.2d 559, 1971 Ky. LEXIS 304 (Ky. 1971).

Opinions

CULLEN, Commissioner.

Patsy A. Wheeler sued Edward L. Creekmore for damages growing out of a collision between her automobile and Creekmore’s. Alleging that Creekmore was an uninsured motorist, Mrs. Wheeler joined as a defendant her own liability insurer, London Guaranty & Accident Company, Ltd. Creekmore counterclaimed for damages sustained by him. The jury found both parties negligent and denied recovery to either. Judgment was entered accordingly, from which Mrs. Wheeler alone has appealed. She asserts errors in the instructions, and that as a matter of law she was not contributorily negligent. She further claims errors in regard to the handling of the insurance phase of the case.

The accident occurred on a rainy night in December, on a subdivision street in Jefferson County. Mrs. Wheeler, driving west, observed the automobile of a neighbor, Mr. Brewer, stopped in the right-hand lane, also headed west. She drove her car into the left-hand lane and brought it to a stop in that lane about one car length ahead of the Brewer car. She turned off the engine, got out of the car, and went over to the Brewer car to ask whether she could render assistance. Brewer told her that he was out of gas but he needed no assistance, and Mrs. Wheeler then returned to her car, got in, and was about to start [561]*561the engine when her car was struck head-on by Creekmore’s car, coming from the west. She said that her lights had been left burning, but both Creekmore and Brewer testified that her lights were off.

Creekmore testified that he had turned onto the street, from an intersecting street, about one-half a block away; when he turned he was traveling 5 to 10 miles per hour, and after turning he increased his speed to about 20 miles per hour. When he made the turn he observed lights of a car which appeared to be approaching in its proper lane. As he came nearer he discovered that the car was not moving. He “started watching to see what was going on, I kept watching this car and then I glanced up and there sets Mrs. Wheeler’s car and I hit my brakes and it was too late, I hit.” He said that the visibility ahead was partially obscured by the headlights of the Brewer car, and that when he got within SO feet they became blinding.

Mrs. Wheeler’s first complaint of error is with respect to an instruction that she had the duty not to stop her car and leave it standing on the main portion of the highway. She maintains that the statute, KRS 189.450(1) which prohibits stopping or leaving a vehicle on the main traveled portion of a “highway,” does not apply to suburban streets. The argument cannot prevail because this court expressly held the statute applicable to suburban streets in unincorporated areas in Evans v. Lorenz, Ky., 454 S.W.2d 691. Furthermore, it is our opinion that the common-law standard of care of the ordinary prudent man would impose the duty not to stop a car and leave it standing in the left lane, blocking the highway, on a rainy night, regardless of statute. Cf. Greyhound Corporation v. White, Ky., 323 S.W.2d 578. We conclude that the trial court did not err in giving the instruction complained of.

The appellant’s second contention is that as a matter of law any negligence on her part in stopping her car and leaving it standing in the wrong lane was not a proximate cause of the accident. There is no merit in that argument. The accident that happened is exactly the kind of accident the statute was designed to prevent. See Saddler v. Parham, Ky., 249 S.W.2d 945. Creekmore was in the class of persons the statute was intended to protect. Cf. Cottrell v. Martin A. Ceder, Inc., Ky., 376 S.W.2d 536. What happened was a natural and probable result of Mrs. Wheeler’s negligence. See Parker v. Redden, Ky., 421 S.W.2d 586. The cases relied on by Mrs. Wheeler are not in point, because some of them deal with situations in which a person standing in the highway was struck and the fact that his car also was standing in the highway played no part in the accident, and the others deal with situations in which the accident would have happened even had there been no illegal parking.

The third ground of error asserted by the appellant consists of the trial court’s refusal to give a requested instruction to the effect that if the jury believed that Creekmore was operating his automobile while under the influence of intoxicants, he was guilty of gross, willful or wanton negligence, in which event contributory negligence on the part of Mrs. Wheeler would not be a bar to her recovery. (There was some evidence that Creekmore was drunk.) It is true that the defense of ordinary contributory negligence is not available if the defendant’s negligence was wanton. First Nat. Ins. Co. of America v. Harris, Ky., 455 S.W.2d 542; Ratliff v. Big Sandy Company, Ky., 389 S.W.2d 911. However, we are not persuaded that the fact alone that a motorist is under the influence of intoxicants in and of itself establishes wanton negligence on his part, for purposes of civil liability, without regard to whether the manner in which he operated his vehicle was reckless or wanton. Some of our early homicide cases appear to have gone that far. See Newcomb v. Commonwealth, 276 Ky. 362, 124 S.W.2d 486. But a reevaluation was made in Marye v. Commonwealth, Ky., 240 [562]*562S.W.2d 852, and we are not aware of any case since then, in this jurisdiction, holding that the driving of an automobile while under the influence of intoxicants is of itself wanton negligence. So it is our opinion that the appellant in the instant case was not entitled to the requested instruction.

The appellant next contends that the trial court erred in refusing to give a requested last clear chance instruction. She argues that when the peril developed, from the approach of Creekmore’s car, she was unable to extricate herself because her motor was turned off and she did not have time to start it, place her car in motion, and drive to her right side of the road; wherefore Creekmore should be liable under the last clear chance doctrine if he should have discovered her peril in time to avoid the accident. Since the proposition as thus presented rests on discoverability, it is obvious that the conditions of visibility at the time of the accident are of vital significance. We think the controlling question is whether or not the lights of Mrs. Wheeler’s car were on. If they were not on, as was the testimony of Brewer and Creekmore, we think there was no basis for a last clear chance instruction, because reasonable minds would agree that in the rainy darkness and the glare of the lights from the Brewer car, a driver in Creekmore’s position should not be charged with the duty of discovering the Wheeler car in time to leave a clear chance to avoid striking it.

If, however, the lights of Mrs. Wheeler’s car were on, as she testified, a different situation existed as to discoverability.

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Wheeler v. Creekmore
469 S.W.2d 559 (Court of Appeals of Kentucky (pre-1976), 1971)

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Bluebook (online)
469 S.W.2d 559, 1971 Ky. LEXIS 304, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wheeler-v-creekmore-kyctapphigh-1971.