Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the Feb 12 2013, 8:49 am purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case. CLERK of the supreme court, court of appeals and tax court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
TIA R. BREWER GREGORY F. ZOELLER Marion, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
MICHAEL GENE WORDEN Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
WESLEY ALLEN THOMPSON, JR., ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 27A05-1205-CR-283 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE GRANT SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Jeffrey D. Todd, Judge Cause No. 27D01-1201-FD-15
February 12, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
ROBB, Chief Judge Case Summary and Issues
Wesley Thompson appeals his sentence for perjury, a Class D felony. On appeal,
Thompson raises two issues for our review: whether his sentence was an abuse of the
trial court’s discretion; and whether his sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of
the offense and the character of the offender. Concluding that his sentence is neither
inappropriate nor an abuse of discretion, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
In 2005, Thompson pleaded guilty to various charges, and at his plea hearing he
implicated co-defendant Larry Dean in the crimes. In 2011, Thompson testified at
Dean’s post-conviction relief hearing, testifying at that time that he had lied under oath in
2005 and that Dean was not in fact involved in the crimes as Thompson had previously
claimed. At the time of the post-conviction relief hearing, Thompson had served the
executed portion of his sentence from 2005 and had entered the Grant County Re-Entry
Court program. Following his testimony at Dean’s hearing, Thompson was charged with
perjury as a Class D felony, and in April 2012, Thompson pleaded guilty to the charge.
In the Order of Sentence, the court found two aggravating factors—that Thompson was
on probation at the time he committed perjury; and that he had a prior juvenile and adult
criminal history, including convictions for robbery and burglary, which are also crimes of
dishonesty—and found as the sole mitigating factor that Thompson pleaded guilty
without the benefit of a plea agreement. Thompson was sentenced to three years
imprisonment, with two years executed and one year suspended to probation. This
appeal followed.
2 Discussion and Decision
I. Discretion in Sentencing
A. Standard of Review
The determination of a defendant’s sentence is within the trial court’s discretion,
and we review sentencing only for an abuse of that discretion. Newman v. State, 719
N.E.2d 832, 838 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied. It is the trial court’s responsibility to
determine the weight to be given to aggravating or mitigating circumstances, and the
proper weight to be afforded to mitigating factors may be no weight at all. Id. “An
allegation that the trial court failed to find a mitigating circumstance requires the
defendant to establish that the mitigating evidence is both significant and clearly
supported by the record. The trial court is not obligated to accept the defendant’s
contentions as to what constitutes a mitigating circumstance.” Hackett v. State, 716
N.E.2d 1273, 1278 (Ind. 1999).
B. Thompson’s Sentence
Thompson argues that the trial court erred in enhancing his sentence beyond the
advisory sentence of one and one-half years,1 and that the error was based on a failure to
identify three additional mitigating factors: 1) that Thompson is likely to respond well to
probation; 2) that his offense did not cause or threaten harm to person or property; and 3)
that his crime of perjury is unlikely to recur.
Thompson first argues that the record shows he is likely to respond well to
probation, because at sentencing evidence was presented showing that he had been in the
1 “A person who commits a Class D felony shall be imprisoned for a fixed term of between six (6) months and three (3) years, with the advisory sentence being one and one-half (1 ½ ) years. . . .” Ind. Code § 35-50-2-7(a).
3 Grant County Re-Entry Court program and there was no evidence that he had violated
probation prior to being charged with perjury. Additionally, Thompson testified that he
had completed the Thinking for a Change program, was working toward his GED, and
was looking for work. The State counters that the very fact that Thompson violated his
probation when he committed perjury indicates that he does not respond well to
probation. While we agree that it would have been reasonable for the court to take into
consideration Thompson’s progress while on probation, we do not agree that on the
whole his accomplishments were so significant that the trial court was obligated to
consider them as mitigating factors.
Thompson next argues that the court should have found as a mitigating factor that
Thompson’s perjury did not cause or threaten harm to person or property because he was
trying to make right his lie regarding Dean in 2005. Firstly, we note that the State did
not, and did not need to, specify which of Thompson’s statements was false. Thompson
was charged with perjury under Indiana Code section 35-44.1-2-1,2 which states that:
(a) A person who: (1) makes a false, material statement under oath or affirmation, knowing the statement to be false or not believing it to be true; or (2) has knowingly made two (2) or more material statements, in a proceeding before a court or grand jury, which are inconsistent to the degree that one (1) of them is necessarily false; commits perjury, a Class D felony. (b) In a prosecution under subsection (a)(2): (1) the indictment or information need not specify which statement is actually false; and (2) the falsity of a statement may be established sufficiently for conviction by proof that the defendant made irreconcilably contradictory statements which are material to the point in question.
2 At the time Thompson was charged, perjury was codified at Indiana Code section 35-44-2-1 with identical language to the current statute. Thompson was charged under subsection (a)(2). 4 Therefore, it was enough to show that Thompson made irreconcilably contradictory
material statements before the court. However, regardless of which statement was
actually false, we cannot say in either case that Thompson’s perjury did not cause or
threaten harm. If we believe Thompson that his 2005 statement was false and his 2011
statement was the truth aimed at righting a past wrong, then we certainly cannot agree
that his 2005 perjury caused no harm, as it would have placed unjustified blame on an
innocent person, who in fact went to prison for the offense. If on the other hand
Thompson was lying in 2011 at Dean’s post-conviction relief hearing, then, as the State
points out, the statement would have deceitfully bolstered the early release of a guilty
felon back into society— again, an outcome that we cannot say is without harm.
Finally, Thompson argues that the court should have found as a mitigating factor
that his perjury was unlikely to recur. Thompson implies that the very nature of the
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Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the Feb 12 2013, 8:49 am purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case. CLERK of the supreme court, court of appeals and tax court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
TIA R. BREWER GREGORY F. ZOELLER Marion, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
MICHAEL GENE WORDEN Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
WESLEY ALLEN THOMPSON, JR., ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 27A05-1205-CR-283 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE GRANT SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Jeffrey D. Todd, Judge Cause No. 27D01-1201-FD-15
February 12, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
ROBB, Chief Judge Case Summary and Issues
Wesley Thompson appeals his sentence for perjury, a Class D felony. On appeal,
Thompson raises two issues for our review: whether his sentence was an abuse of the
trial court’s discretion; and whether his sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of
the offense and the character of the offender. Concluding that his sentence is neither
inappropriate nor an abuse of discretion, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
In 2005, Thompson pleaded guilty to various charges, and at his plea hearing he
implicated co-defendant Larry Dean in the crimes. In 2011, Thompson testified at
Dean’s post-conviction relief hearing, testifying at that time that he had lied under oath in
2005 and that Dean was not in fact involved in the crimes as Thompson had previously
claimed. At the time of the post-conviction relief hearing, Thompson had served the
executed portion of his sentence from 2005 and had entered the Grant County Re-Entry
Court program. Following his testimony at Dean’s hearing, Thompson was charged with
perjury as a Class D felony, and in April 2012, Thompson pleaded guilty to the charge.
In the Order of Sentence, the court found two aggravating factors—that Thompson was
on probation at the time he committed perjury; and that he had a prior juvenile and adult
criminal history, including convictions for robbery and burglary, which are also crimes of
dishonesty—and found as the sole mitigating factor that Thompson pleaded guilty
without the benefit of a plea agreement. Thompson was sentenced to three years
imprisonment, with two years executed and one year suspended to probation. This
appeal followed.
2 Discussion and Decision
I. Discretion in Sentencing
A. Standard of Review
The determination of a defendant’s sentence is within the trial court’s discretion,
and we review sentencing only for an abuse of that discretion. Newman v. State, 719
N.E.2d 832, 838 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied. It is the trial court’s responsibility to
determine the weight to be given to aggravating or mitigating circumstances, and the
proper weight to be afforded to mitigating factors may be no weight at all. Id. “An
allegation that the trial court failed to find a mitigating circumstance requires the
defendant to establish that the mitigating evidence is both significant and clearly
supported by the record. The trial court is not obligated to accept the defendant’s
contentions as to what constitutes a mitigating circumstance.” Hackett v. State, 716
N.E.2d 1273, 1278 (Ind. 1999).
B. Thompson’s Sentence
Thompson argues that the trial court erred in enhancing his sentence beyond the
advisory sentence of one and one-half years,1 and that the error was based on a failure to
identify three additional mitigating factors: 1) that Thompson is likely to respond well to
probation; 2) that his offense did not cause or threaten harm to person or property; and 3)
that his crime of perjury is unlikely to recur.
Thompson first argues that the record shows he is likely to respond well to
probation, because at sentencing evidence was presented showing that he had been in the
1 “A person who commits a Class D felony shall be imprisoned for a fixed term of between six (6) months and three (3) years, with the advisory sentence being one and one-half (1 ½ ) years. . . .” Ind. Code § 35-50-2-7(a).
3 Grant County Re-Entry Court program and there was no evidence that he had violated
probation prior to being charged with perjury. Additionally, Thompson testified that he
had completed the Thinking for a Change program, was working toward his GED, and
was looking for work. The State counters that the very fact that Thompson violated his
probation when he committed perjury indicates that he does not respond well to
probation. While we agree that it would have been reasonable for the court to take into
consideration Thompson’s progress while on probation, we do not agree that on the
whole his accomplishments were so significant that the trial court was obligated to
consider them as mitigating factors.
Thompson next argues that the court should have found as a mitigating factor that
Thompson’s perjury did not cause or threaten harm to person or property because he was
trying to make right his lie regarding Dean in 2005. Firstly, we note that the State did
not, and did not need to, specify which of Thompson’s statements was false. Thompson
was charged with perjury under Indiana Code section 35-44.1-2-1,2 which states that:
(a) A person who: (1) makes a false, material statement under oath or affirmation, knowing the statement to be false or not believing it to be true; or (2) has knowingly made two (2) or more material statements, in a proceeding before a court or grand jury, which are inconsistent to the degree that one (1) of them is necessarily false; commits perjury, a Class D felony. (b) In a prosecution under subsection (a)(2): (1) the indictment or information need not specify which statement is actually false; and (2) the falsity of a statement may be established sufficiently for conviction by proof that the defendant made irreconcilably contradictory statements which are material to the point in question.
2 At the time Thompson was charged, perjury was codified at Indiana Code section 35-44-2-1 with identical language to the current statute. Thompson was charged under subsection (a)(2). 4 Therefore, it was enough to show that Thompson made irreconcilably contradictory
material statements before the court. However, regardless of which statement was
actually false, we cannot say in either case that Thompson’s perjury did not cause or
threaten harm. If we believe Thompson that his 2005 statement was false and his 2011
statement was the truth aimed at righting a past wrong, then we certainly cannot agree
that his 2005 perjury caused no harm, as it would have placed unjustified blame on an
innocent person, who in fact went to prison for the offense. If on the other hand
Thompson was lying in 2011 at Dean’s post-conviction relief hearing, then, as the State
points out, the statement would have deceitfully bolstered the early release of a guilty
felon back into society— again, an outcome that we cannot say is without harm.
Finally, Thompson argues that the court should have found as a mitigating factor
that his perjury was unlikely to recur. Thompson implies that the very nature of the
crime makes it unlikely to recur, but under that viewpoint the crime of perjury would
automatically supply itself with a mitigating factor, which hardly seems reasonable. As
to Thompson in particular, the court found as an aggravating factor that he had prior
convictions for other crimes of dishonesty. Thompson does not supply evidence that is
significant and supported by the record to convince us that it is implausible that he might
lie to a court again in the future if given an opportunity, much less that the court should
have considered the likelihood of recurrence as a mitigating factor.
While it is possible that we may have taken additional mitigating factors into
consideration had we been in the shoes of the trial court, that is not the standard by which
we judge the court’s decision. Our review gives a level of deference to the trial court’s
sentencing decision, and Thompson has not convinced us that his proffered mitigating 5 circumstances rise to the level of an abuse of that discretion. We thus conclude that the
trial court did not err in enhancing his sentence.
II. Appropriateness of Sentence
We are empowered by Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B) to revise a sentence “if, after
due consideration of the trial court’s decision, the Court finds that the sentence is
inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.” The
burden is on the defendant to persuade us that his sentence has met this inappropriateness
standard of review. Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d 1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006).
Thompson’s argument here largely rehashes his arguments related to mitigating
factors above. Additionally, Thompson urges us to consider his sentence for probation
violation in addition to his sentence for perjury, even though his probation violation
sentence is not before us, and cites to Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219 (Ind. 2008).
The State counters that revocation of probation is related to the sentence for the original
offenses that gave rise to that probation, and not as part of an aggregate sentence for the
new crime of perjury which here led to the violation of probation. We agree with the
State, and note that while Cardwell advocated looking at the aggregate sentence, the court
in Cardwell was discussing multiple counts in the same case rather than the more distinct
situation of revocation of probation and a separate sentence for a crime underlying that
revocation.
As for the nature of the offense and the character of the offender, we refer back to
our analysis above. It appears that Thompson made progress in some areas while on
probation, but the record also shows that he had a prior criminal history involving other
crimes of dishonesty. And as noted above, we do not agree with Thompson’s estimation 6 that his crime of perjury had no victim or threat of harm. Thompson has not carried his
burden of persuading us that, in light of the nature of the offense and his character, his
sentence was inappropriate.
Conclusion
Concluding that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in setting Thompson’s
sentence, and that his sentence is not inappropriate, we affirm.
Affirmed.
MAY, J., and PYLE, J., concur.