SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
MEGHAN A. ADAMS LEONARD L. WILLIAMS JUSTICE CENTER JUDGE 500 NORTH KING STREET, SUITE 10400 WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19801 (302) 255-0634
Date Submitted: October 12, 2022 Date Decided: October 18, 2022
Carl A. Wescott 8210 E. Via de la David A. Dorey, Esq. Escuela Scottsdale, AZ 85258 Adam V. Orlacchio, Esq. carlwescott2020@gmail.com Anna E. Currier, Esq. Blank Rome, LLP 1201 N. Market Street, Suite 800 Wilmington, DE 19801
RE: Carl A. Wescott v. Bernard Moon, et al., C.A. No. N21C-06-197 MAA; Carl A. Wescott v. SparkLabs Global Ventures Management, LLC, C.A. No. N21C-06-198 MAA; Carl A. Wescott v. Scott Sorochak and SparkLabs Foundry, Inc., C.A. No. N21C-06-199 MAA
Dear Counsel and Mr. Wescott:
This Letter Opinion resolves Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss in the above-
captioned matters. The matters have been fully briefed, and the Court heard oral
argument on the Motions. For the following reasons, the Motions are granted in
their entirety.1 The parties are aware of the facts and procedural history of this case.
1 Following oral argument, Plaintiff submitted several declarations and sworn affidavits in each of these matters. The Court has reviewed these submissions and has determined that they do not have any relevance to this decision, and in any event, would not change the outcome of the decision. 1 Thus, the Court limits its recitation of the facts to those necessary to the resolution
of this motion.
I. Carl A. Wescott v. Bernard Moon, et al., C.A. No. N21C-06-197 (MAA)
A. Waiver
On April 8, 2022, the Court, in a ruling, instructed Plaintiff that if he failed to
address any claim in his answering brief, then Plaintiff has waived the claim.2 This
is consistent with Delaware courts’ prior holdings that “issues not briefed are
deemed waived.”3
Plaintiff failed to respond to Defendants’ arguments on claims of negligent
misrepresentation (Count IV), breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair
dealing (Count V), and negligence (Count VI) in his answering brief. Those claims
are, therefore, waived.
B. The Court Lacks Subject Matter Jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s Claims
Plaintiff’s claims for misappropriation of partnership opportunity and request
for accounting (Count VIII) are dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.
Such claims are equitable causes of action for which this Court lacks subject matter
jurisdiction.4 Although an accounting does not automatically confer equitable
2 See Dkt. 49. 3 Emerald Partners v. Berlin, 726 A.2d 1215, 1224 (Del. 1999); see also Murphy v. State, 632 A.2d 1150 (Del 1993). 4 Prospect St. Energy, LLC v. Bhargava, 2016 WL 446202, at *4 (Del. Super. Jan. 27, 2016). 2 jurisdiction, where, as here, the accounting request involves an alleged fiduciary
relationship, the claim sounds in equity for which this Court lacks subject matter
jurisdiction.5
C. The Court Lacks Personal Jurisdiction over the Individual Defendants
Plaintiff’s claims against the individual defendants are dismissed because this
Court does not have personal jurisdiction over them. When personal jurisdiction is
challenged, the plaintiff bears the burden of showing a basis for the court’s exercise
of jurisdiction over the nonresident defendant. While the facts are “viewed in the
light most favorable to the plaintiff… a plaintiff must plead specific facts and cannot
rely on mere conclusions.”6 Here, Defendants Bernard Moon, Jimmy Kim, Hanjo
Lee, Jay McCarthy, and Frank Meehan, (collectively, “Individual Defendants”) are
nonresidents of Delaware. For the Court to have personal jurisdiction over a
nonresident, there must be a statutory basis for service, and personal jurisdiction
must comport with the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment.7
Here, there is neither a statutory nor constitutional basis for personal
jurisdiction over the Individual Defendants. There is a statutory basis for service of
process over managers of a Delaware-incorporated limited liability company
5 Webster v. Brosman, 2019 WL 5579489, at *3 (Del. Super. Oct. 29, 2019) (citing Bhargava, 2016 WL 446202, at *8). 6 Mobile Diagnostic Grp. Holdings, LLC v. Suer, 972 A.2d 799, 802 (Del. Ch. 2009) (internal citation omitted). 7 LaNuova D & B, S.p.A. v. Bowe Co., 513 A.2d 764, 768-69 (Del. 1986). 3 pursuant to 6 Del. C. § 18-109. Defendants SparkLabs Global Ventures
Management, LLC and SparkLabs Management, LLC (collectively, “Defendant
LLCs”) are limited liability companies incorporated in Delaware. Plaintiff attempts
to secure personal jurisdiction by a lone allegation that the individual defendants
were “managing shareholders” of the LLC defendants. Plaintiff’s allegations are
based on conclusory statements insufficient to support a reasonable inference that
the Individual Defendants participated materially in the management of the
Defendant LLCs, and therefore fail.
Even accepting Plaintiff’s conclusory statement as true, to confer personal
jurisdiction pursuant to 6 Del. C. § 18-109, the action must involve the Delaware
limited liability company. Here, Plaintiff’s claims do not involve the Defendant
LLCs. Plaintiff’s allegations all focus on an alleged partnership agreement pursuant
to a Cayman Islands entity, Lyft Special Purpose Vehicle General Partnership (“Lyft
SPV GP”). Plaintiff attempts to obtain personal jurisdiction by alleging that Lyft
SPV GP commingled funds with Defendant LLCs. This is a conclusory allegation
lacking any factual support and, therefore, cannot serve as a basis to subject the
Individual Defendants to Delaware’s jurisdiction.
Even if there was a statutory basis for personal jurisdiction, exercise of
personal jurisdiction would violate the due process clause of the United States
4 Constitution because Plaintiff has failed to plead, let alone establish, that the
Individual Defendants have the requisite minimum contacts with Delaware.
Therefore, Plaintiff’s claims against Individual Defendants are dismissed for
lack of personal jurisdiction.
D. The Amended Complaint Fails to State a Claim upon which Relief can be Granted
Plaintiff’s remaining claims are dismissed with prejudice pursuant to Superior
Court Civil Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim. Plaintiff’s remaining claims
for breach of fiduciary duty (Count VII),8 breach of contract (Count I), promissory
fraud (Count II), and promissory estoppel (Count III) are dismissed because Plaintiff
does not allege any conduct by Defendant LLCs to satisfy the elements of the
aforementioned claims. The facts of Plaintiff’s Complaint only reference conduct
by the Individual Defendants, who are dismissed for lack of personal jurisdiction,
and Lyft SPV GP, a Cayman entity that is not a party to this action. The Court has
given the Plaintiff a fair opportunity to amend his Complaint and state a claim for
relief. Even in his Amended Complaint, Plaintiff has failed to plead sufficient facts
to state a claim against Defendant LLCs and his Complaint must be dismissed.
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SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
MEGHAN A. ADAMS LEONARD L. WILLIAMS JUSTICE CENTER JUDGE 500 NORTH KING STREET, SUITE 10400 WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19801 (302) 255-0634
Date Submitted: October 12, 2022 Date Decided: October 18, 2022
Carl A. Wescott 8210 E. Via de la David A. Dorey, Esq. Escuela Scottsdale, AZ 85258 Adam V. Orlacchio, Esq. carlwescott2020@gmail.com Anna E. Currier, Esq. Blank Rome, LLP 1201 N. Market Street, Suite 800 Wilmington, DE 19801
RE: Carl A. Wescott v. Bernard Moon, et al., C.A. No. N21C-06-197 MAA; Carl A. Wescott v. SparkLabs Global Ventures Management, LLC, C.A. No. N21C-06-198 MAA; Carl A. Wescott v. Scott Sorochak and SparkLabs Foundry, Inc., C.A. No. N21C-06-199 MAA
Dear Counsel and Mr. Wescott:
This Letter Opinion resolves Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss in the above-
captioned matters. The matters have been fully briefed, and the Court heard oral
argument on the Motions. For the following reasons, the Motions are granted in
their entirety.1 The parties are aware of the facts and procedural history of this case.
1 Following oral argument, Plaintiff submitted several declarations and sworn affidavits in each of these matters. The Court has reviewed these submissions and has determined that they do not have any relevance to this decision, and in any event, would not change the outcome of the decision. 1 Thus, the Court limits its recitation of the facts to those necessary to the resolution
of this motion.
I. Carl A. Wescott v. Bernard Moon, et al., C.A. No. N21C-06-197 (MAA)
A. Waiver
On April 8, 2022, the Court, in a ruling, instructed Plaintiff that if he failed to
address any claim in his answering brief, then Plaintiff has waived the claim.2 This
is consistent with Delaware courts’ prior holdings that “issues not briefed are
deemed waived.”3
Plaintiff failed to respond to Defendants’ arguments on claims of negligent
misrepresentation (Count IV), breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair
dealing (Count V), and negligence (Count VI) in his answering brief. Those claims
are, therefore, waived.
B. The Court Lacks Subject Matter Jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s Claims
Plaintiff’s claims for misappropriation of partnership opportunity and request
for accounting (Count VIII) are dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.
Such claims are equitable causes of action for which this Court lacks subject matter
jurisdiction.4 Although an accounting does not automatically confer equitable
2 See Dkt. 49. 3 Emerald Partners v. Berlin, 726 A.2d 1215, 1224 (Del. 1999); see also Murphy v. State, 632 A.2d 1150 (Del 1993). 4 Prospect St. Energy, LLC v. Bhargava, 2016 WL 446202, at *4 (Del. Super. Jan. 27, 2016). 2 jurisdiction, where, as here, the accounting request involves an alleged fiduciary
relationship, the claim sounds in equity for which this Court lacks subject matter
jurisdiction.5
C. The Court Lacks Personal Jurisdiction over the Individual Defendants
Plaintiff’s claims against the individual defendants are dismissed because this
Court does not have personal jurisdiction over them. When personal jurisdiction is
challenged, the plaintiff bears the burden of showing a basis for the court’s exercise
of jurisdiction over the nonresident defendant. While the facts are “viewed in the
light most favorable to the plaintiff… a plaintiff must plead specific facts and cannot
rely on mere conclusions.”6 Here, Defendants Bernard Moon, Jimmy Kim, Hanjo
Lee, Jay McCarthy, and Frank Meehan, (collectively, “Individual Defendants”) are
nonresidents of Delaware. For the Court to have personal jurisdiction over a
nonresident, there must be a statutory basis for service, and personal jurisdiction
must comport with the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment.7
Here, there is neither a statutory nor constitutional basis for personal
jurisdiction over the Individual Defendants. There is a statutory basis for service of
process over managers of a Delaware-incorporated limited liability company
5 Webster v. Brosman, 2019 WL 5579489, at *3 (Del. Super. Oct. 29, 2019) (citing Bhargava, 2016 WL 446202, at *8). 6 Mobile Diagnostic Grp. Holdings, LLC v. Suer, 972 A.2d 799, 802 (Del. Ch. 2009) (internal citation omitted). 7 LaNuova D & B, S.p.A. v. Bowe Co., 513 A.2d 764, 768-69 (Del. 1986). 3 pursuant to 6 Del. C. § 18-109. Defendants SparkLabs Global Ventures
Management, LLC and SparkLabs Management, LLC (collectively, “Defendant
LLCs”) are limited liability companies incorporated in Delaware. Plaintiff attempts
to secure personal jurisdiction by a lone allegation that the individual defendants
were “managing shareholders” of the LLC defendants. Plaintiff’s allegations are
based on conclusory statements insufficient to support a reasonable inference that
the Individual Defendants participated materially in the management of the
Defendant LLCs, and therefore fail.
Even accepting Plaintiff’s conclusory statement as true, to confer personal
jurisdiction pursuant to 6 Del. C. § 18-109, the action must involve the Delaware
limited liability company. Here, Plaintiff’s claims do not involve the Defendant
LLCs. Plaintiff’s allegations all focus on an alleged partnership agreement pursuant
to a Cayman Islands entity, Lyft Special Purpose Vehicle General Partnership (“Lyft
SPV GP”). Plaintiff attempts to obtain personal jurisdiction by alleging that Lyft
SPV GP commingled funds with Defendant LLCs. This is a conclusory allegation
lacking any factual support and, therefore, cannot serve as a basis to subject the
Individual Defendants to Delaware’s jurisdiction.
Even if there was a statutory basis for personal jurisdiction, exercise of
personal jurisdiction would violate the due process clause of the United States
4 Constitution because Plaintiff has failed to plead, let alone establish, that the
Individual Defendants have the requisite minimum contacts with Delaware.
Therefore, Plaintiff’s claims against Individual Defendants are dismissed for
lack of personal jurisdiction.
D. The Amended Complaint Fails to State a Claim upon which Relief can be Granted
Plaintiff’s remaining claims are dismissed with prejudice pursuant to Superior
Court Civil Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim. Plaintiff’s remaining claims
for breach of fiduciary duty (Count VII),8 breach of contract (Count I), promissory
fraud (Count II), and promissory estoppel (Count III) are dismissed because Plaintiff
does not allege any conduct by Defendant LLCs to satisfy the elements of the
aforementioned claims. The facts of Plaintiff’s Complaint only reference conduct
by the Individual Defendants, who are dismissed for lack of personal jurisdiction,
and Lyft SPV GP, a Cayman entity that is not a party to this action. The Court has
given the Plaintiff a fair opportunity to amend his Complaint and state a claim for
relief. Even in his Amended Complaint, Plaintiff has failed to plead sufficient facts
to state a claim against Defendant LLCs and his Complaint must be dismissed.
8 Though titled as a breach of fiduciary duty claim, Count VII of Plaintiff’s Complaint is substantively a breach of contract claim. The Court, therefore, has subject matter jurisdiction over the claim but dismisses it under Civil Rule 12(b)(6). 5 II. Carl A. Wescott v. SparkLabs Global Ventures Management, C.A. No. N21C-06-198
Plaintiff did not respond to Defendants’ arguments regarding Plaintiff’s aiding
and abetting fraud (Count IV) and aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty
(Count VI) claims in his responding brief. Plaintiff, therefore, waives these claims
pursuant to the Court’s ruling on April 8, 2022.
B. The Court Lacks Subject Matter Jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s Claims
Plaintiff’s negligent misrepresentation claim (Count II) is dismissed for lack
of subject matter jurisdiction. The Court of Chancery has exclusive jurisdiction over
a claim alleging negligent misrepresentation.9 It is well-settled that this Court does
not have subject matter jurisdiction over such equitable causes of action.
C. Plaintiff’s Claims are Barred by the Statute of Limitations
Plaintiff’s duplicative claims of wage theft (both labeled as “Count I”) are
barred by the statute of limitations. A claim for wages is subject to 10 Del. C. §
8111’s one-year statute of limitations. Plaintiff’s wage theft claims are for unpaid
salary as of July 4, 2019, Plaintiff’s last day of work. Plaintiff filed his Complaint
on June 23, 2021, after the one-year statute of limitations expired. His claim is
therefore barred.
9 White v. APP Pharms., LLC, 2011 WL 2176151, at *5 (Del. Super. Apr. 7, 2011). 6 D. The Amended Complaint Fails to State a Claim upon which Relief can be Granted
Plaintiff’s remaining claims against Defendant SparkLabs Global Ventures
Management, LLC for common law fraud (Count III), tortious interference with
contract (Count VII), tortious interference with advantageous business relations
(Count VIII), unjust enrichment (Count IX), and breach of the covenant of good faith
and fair dealing (Count X) are dismissed with prejudice pursuant to Superior Court
Civil Rule 12(b)(6).
Nothing in Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint for common law fraud adequately
alleges that Defendant made a false representation to Plaintiff. Plaintiff also fails to
sufficiently allege that he acted in justifiable reliance on that representation.
Superior Court Civil Rule 9(b) further requires that allegations of fraud be stated
with particularity and must contain facts providing notice of the fraudulent acts.10
Plaintiff does not allege the prima facie elements of a common law fraud claim,
much less state such a claim with particularity. The claim is, therefore, dismissed
pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim.
Plaintiff’s claims for tortious interference rely entirely on conclusory
allegations devoid of factual support. In Plaintiff’s tortious interference with
contract claim, Plaintiff does not adequately allege the existence of a contract or any
10 Super. Ct Civ. R. 9(b); see Hiller & Arban, LLC v. Rsrvs. Mgmt., LLC, 2016 WL 3678544, at *4 (Del. Super. July 1, 2016). 7 act by the Defendant that interfered with an alleged contract. In his tortious
interference with advantageous business relations claim, Plaintiff fails to allege the
reasonable probability of a business opportunity or identify a party who was
prepared to enter into a business relationship but was dissuaded from doing so. Both
of Plaintiff’s tortious interference claims, therefore, fail.
Plaintiff’s unjust enrichment claim fails for similar reasons. Not only are
Plaintiff’s allegations conclusory, but Plaintiff also fails to articulate how he
benefitted the Defendant. Rather, Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint discusses his
work for companies and individuals other than the Defendant named in this action.
Finally, Plaintiff fails to allege adequately an implied covenant of good faith
and fair dealing claim. Plaintiff’s conclusory allegations do not establish that any
contract exists. Even if a contract existed, Plaintiff has not alleged an implied
obligation for the Court to recognize a breach of the implied covenant of good faith
and fair dealing claim.
III. Carl A. Wescott v. Scott Sorochak and SparkLabs Foundry, Inc., C.A. No. N21C-06-199
Plaintiff did not respond to Defendants’ arguments regarding Plaintiff’s
violation of the Delaware Whistleblower’s Protection Act claim (Count V) in his
responding brief. Plaintiff, therefore, waives these claims pursuant to the Court’s
ruling on April 8, 2022. 8 B. The Court Lacks Subject Matter Jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s Claims
Plaintiff’s breach of fiduciary duty claim for misappropriation (Count III) is
dismissed because this Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over breach of
fiduciary duty claims.
C. The Amended Complaint Fails to State a Claim upon which Relief can be Granted
Plaintiff’s remaining claims are dismissed with prejudice pursuant to Superior
Court Civil Rule 12(b)(6). Plaintiff’s unjust enrichment claim (Count I) does not
adequately allege specific facts to support the claim. The alleged enrichment and
impoverishment do not go beyond conclusory language, nor is it clear how the
particular Defendants named in this action benefitted from Plaintiff. Similarly,
Plaintiff’s conclusory allegations fall short of making a prima facie case for breach
of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing (Count IV).
Plaintiff was provided a fair opportunity to amend his original Complaint and
correct any deficiencies. Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint still does not set forth an
actionable claim. Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint is therefore dismissed.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
cc: Prothonotary