MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be Oct 17 2018, 7:35 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE Rachele L. Cummins Rebecca L. Lockard Smith Carpenter Fondrisi Jeffersonville, Indiana Cummins & Schulte, LLC Jeffersonville, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Wendy T. Broady, October 17, 2018 Appellant-Respondent, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-DR-309 v. Appeal from the Clark Circuit Court David W. Broady, The Honorable Bradley B. Jacobs, Appellee-Petitioner Judge Trial Court Cause No. 10C02-1608-DR-436
Baker, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 1 of 17 [1] Wendy Broady (Wife) appeals the trial court’s order dissolving her marriage to
David Broady (Husband). Wife argues that the trial court erred by dividing the
marital estate equally, by ordering that both parties pay their own living
expenses during the pendency of the action, and by awarding Husband the
cemetery plot that she brought to the marriage. We find no error aside from the
portion of the order regarding Wife’s cemetery plot. We therefore affirm in
part, reverse in part, and remand with instructions to amend the dissolution
order to reflect that Wife is awarded her own cemetery plot.
Facts [2] Husband and Wife got married on February 21, 2012. Both parties had been
married previously. Husband has a son from his previous marriage, which
ended after his former wife died, and Wife adopted the child after she married
Husband.1
[3] Wife brought a number of assets to the marriage, including life insurance and
retirement accounts she had inherited from her first husband following his
death and two 401(k) accounts. Husband also brought assets to the marriage,
including a pension plan and a 401(k) account. At the time of the marriage,
Husband owned a home; Wife later paid off the mortgage on that home in the
amount of $46,514.
1 She did not, however, request any parenting time with the child after the marriage was dissolved. She has not seen her son since August 2016.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 2 of 17 [4] Shortly after they got married, the couple began building a home. 2 They took
out a mortgage to finance the residence. Additionally, without Husband’s
knowledge, Wife accepted a loan in the amount of $250,000 from her mother to
help pay for the house. The amount of the mortgage plus the debt to Wife’s
mother exceeds the current value of the property. Over the course of the four-
year marriage, Wife’s parents gifted the couple a total amount of $104,000
($26,000 per year). During most of the marriage, Wife did not work.3 Husband
worked full-time during the marriage, earning approximately $800 per week;
the couple used his income to pay some of their bills.
[5] In June 2015, Wife was diagnosed with breast cancer. Since that time, she has
undergone chemotherapy, a double mastectomy, and reconstructive surgeries.
She attempted to return to work later in 20154 but was unable to maintain
employment because of her health issues. At the dissolution hearing, Wife
testified that her cancer had spread and she will continue to receive treatment.
During the parties’ marriage, she was on Husband’s health insurance plan. She
requested that he continue to be responsible for providing COBRA health
insurance for her as long as possible.
2 Their second home was built on the same parcel of real property that Husband’s premarital residence was located on. Husband owned the real property. 3 It is unclear in the record whether Wife was employed prior to the marriage and, if so, where she worked. 4 At that time, she was trying to work part-time as a cashier at Kohl’s.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 3 of 17 [6] On August 19, 2016, Husband filed a petition to dissolve the marriage. At that
time, he was living in the home he brought to the marriage and she was living
in the home they had built; each was paying the expenses for the respective
home in which they were living. Wife asked that the trial court deviate from
the presumptive equal division of property, instead awarding her 80% and
Husband 20% of their assets. Each party had brought a burial plot to the
marriage from their prior marriages; each asked to retain the one that they
brought to the marriage.
[7] The trial court held an evidentiary hearing on August 10, 2017, and on
November 15, 2017, it entered a dissolution decree. In pertinent part, the trial
court found and ordered as follows:
24. The Husband testified that he did not know that the Wife had taken loans for the residence [that they built].
25. The Husband testified that the Wife is the one that wanted the residence built . . . , and that if he knew there were outstanding loans to her parents to build the residence, he would not have been in agreement with the building of the residence.
26. That the Wife has not made any payments to her parents for the loans.
27. That despite the fact that the Wife has outstanding loans to her parents, her parents continued to gift money every year, instead of applying those payments to the loan.
***
29. That the letters and the checks provided as proof of the loan were revised after the filing of the dissolution. That Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 4 of 17 there was no lien or promissory note entered into at the time the checks were written.
30. That there was a repayment plan, but no repayment has been made.
31. That the Wife provided no evidence as to the value of the investments and retirement plans prior to marriage.
32. That the Wife provided no evidence showing that there had not been contributions to the investments and retirements during the marriage.
37. That the Wife has over $600,000.00 in investments and retirement, but did not make payments on her outstanding medical bills nor the loan that she states her parents have given her.
38. That the Wife is requesting the Court to allow her to retain all her investments because she owned them [prior to the marriage] but wants the Court to divide all the debt equally between the parties.
39. The Wife is asking the Court to take into account the Husband had pension and retirement accounts before the marriage, but is not taking into account that the Husband had equity in his home before [the] marriage and owned the property that both residences are built upon before [the] marriage.
42. That there would be no debt of the marriage if the Wife had paid the debt when her investments came due.
43. There would be no outstanding medical debt if the Wife had paid those debts when they came due.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 5 of 17 44. The Wife continued to use credit cards when she had money in investments and bank accounts.
45. That the Wife did not make payments on the bills and therefore incurred additional interest and late charges which increased the debt of the marriage, while having money available to pay the bills as they came due.
56. That the Wife has had access to a great share of the marital pot during the pendency of this matter.
Conclusions of Law
6. Here, [Wife] has severe health issues which prevent her from working. Additionally, [Husband] receives $804 per month[5] to support the child. Based on these circumstances, the Court believes that setting child support in a Guideline amount would be unjust and instead sets support in the amount of $0.00 per week.
8. That [the] Court finds that the presumption of an equal distribution of the marital estate has not been rebutted by the relevant evidence presented by the Wife, in that
a. That the Husband’s income supported the family.
b. That the Wife co-mingled her assets during the time of the marriage.
5 Following the death of the child’s biological mother, the child receives a monthly death benefit of $804.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 6 of 17 c. That the Wife took on debt in the marriage that the Husband was not aware [of] and she took on that debt when she had the ability to pay the expenses . . .
d. That the Wife’s Family gifted money to both the Husband and Wife during marriage.
e. That the Husband owned the [real property] that both [residences] are on [before the marriage]. . . .
f. That both parties had assets prior to the marriage.
g. That there is no evidence as to the value of the premarital assets of either party.
h. That the Husband is the sole custodian and care giver to the child of the marriage.
9. That there is not sufficient evidence to show that the payment by [Wife’s mother] was a loan, instead of a gift.
Appealed Order p. 4-10. The trial court ordered that each party would retain
the residence in which they were living, that Husband “shall retain possession
of the cemetery plots,” id. at 11, that Wife would be responsible for all her
debts, and that Wife would make an equalization payment to Husband in the
amount of $299,420. Wife now appeals.
Discussion and Decision I. Division of Marital Estate [8] Wife first argues that the trial court erred by dividing the marital estate equally
between her and Husband, maintaining that she should have received 80% of
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 7 of 17 the estate. She argues that the trial court erred because, had it focused on the
following three issues, it would have awarded her a greater share of the estate:
(1) her health and inferior earning capability; (2) her difficulty procuring health
insurance; and (3) the amount of property that each spouse brought into the
marriage and/or the amount of property in the marital estate that was acquired
through gift or inheritance.
[9] When dividing a marital estate, the presumption is that the estate should be
divided equally. The presumption may be rebutted by evidence that an equal
division would not be just and reasonable. Ind. Code § 31-15-7-5. Among
other things, the following factors may be considered:
(1) The contribution of each spouse to the acquisition of the property, regardless of whether the contribution was income producing.
(2) The extent to which the property was acquired by each spouse:
(A) before the marriage; or
(B) through inheritance or gift.
(3) The economic circumstances of each spouse at the time the disposition of the property is to become effective, including the desirability of awarding the family residence or the right to dwell in the family residence for such periods as the court considers just to the spouse having custody of any children.
(4) The conduct of the parties during the marriage as related to the disposition or dissipation of their property.
(5) The earnings or earning ability of the parties as related to: Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 8 of 17 (A) a final division of property; and
(B) a final determination of the property rights of the parties.
Id. The party challenging the trial court’s property division must overcome a
strong presumption that the court complied with the statute and considered the
evidence on each of the statutory factors. E.g., Harrison v. Harrison, 88 N.E.3d
232, 234 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017), trans. denied. This presumption is one of the
strongest presumptions on appeal. Id. at 234-35. In considering the trial court’s
order, we may neither reweigh the evidence nor judge witness credibility, and
will consider only the evidence most favorable to the trial court’s decision. Id.
at 234.
A. Wife’s Health [10] Wife first contends that the trial court should have awarded her a greater share
of the estate because of her significant health issues. According to Wife, her
poor health limits her ability to pay for her living expenses and medical bills,
primarily because she is unable to maintain employment. She notes that
Husband is currently healthy and employed.
[11] The record reveals that although Wife was unable to maintain employment, she
had multiple sources of income, including gifts from her parents and her
investments. As Husband notes, even with the equal distribution of the estate,
Wife has assets totaling over $299,000 and a promise of continued financial
support from her parents. Wife’s arguments on this issue amount to a request
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 9 of 17 that we reweigh the evidence, which we may not do. The trial court’s decision
to divide the estate equally, even when factoring in Wife’s medical issues, is
based on evidence in the record and is neither unjust nor unreasonable. 6
B. COBRA [12] Wife next argues that the trial court should have deviated from the presumed
equal division of the marital estate by ordering that Husband should pay for her
COBRA health insurance. She argues that her cancer “makes it unlikely she
will be able to retain insurance after being removed from the COBRA plan.
Her pre-existing conditions make insurers unwilling to take her on as a client.”
Appellant’s Br. p. 11. There is no evidence in the record supporting these
assertions.
[13] Furthermore, if Husband were ordered to pay for her health insurance, it would
amount to spousal maintenance. Wife has made no request for maintenance,
nor is there any evidence in the record that meets the standards required for an
award of spousal maintenance. See I.C. § 31-15-7-2. Therefore, the trial court
did not err by declining to order Husband to pay for Wife’s health insurance.
6 We also note that the trial court took Wife’s medical issues into account by ordering that she pay no child support. Appealed Order p. 10.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 10 of 17 C. Property Brought Into the Marriage and/or Acquired Through Gift or Inheritance [14] Next, Wife contends that the trial court should have deviated from the
presumed equal division based on the property that each spouse brought into
the marriage and/or acquired through gift or inheritance during the marriage.
She argues that her pre-marital assets “were substantially more” than
Husband’s, emphasizing that she even used some of her assets to pay off
Husband’s mortgage. Appellant’s Br. p. 12. Wife further notes that she has
“substantial assets,” including investment accounts from her previous marriage
and an additional inheritance from her parents, that should continue to belong
to her.7
[15] It is well accepted that Indiana follows the “one pot” theory, meaning that all
property is included in the marital pot for division regardless of whether it was
owned by one spouse before marriage, acquired by one spouse after the
marriage and before the final separation, or acquired through joint efforts of
both. E.g., Ahls v. Ahls, 52 N.E.3d 797, 801 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016). In this case,
both parties had assets before the marriage. Both parties had retirement
accounts and Husband also had a home and real property (real property on
which the couple later built a second home). Wife’s parents gifted the couple
7 Wife also argues that there were no children born of the marriage. As the trial court observed, however, Wife adopted Husband’s son. Therefore, that child is considered to be of the marriage even though Wife evidently no longer wishes to maintain a relationship with her son.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 11 of 17 jointly with annual sums of money. The fact that Wife allegedly8 brought more
assets to the marriage does not lead us to find that the trial court should have
deviated from the presumed equal division of the estate.
[16] Moreover, the Wife wants to have her proverbial cake and eat it too. She asks
that we find that she and Husband share her debt equally—debt that the trial
court found she was able to pay off but had not, that she had incurred
unnecessarily, and that she incurred in part without Husband’s knowledge—but
that she, and she alone, should be awarded her assets. We do not find that the
trial court erred by declining to divide the estate in such a fashion. In reviewing
the trial court’s order, it is apparent that it carefully weighed all the evidence
and reached conclusions regarding the parties’ credibility, finding Wife’s
lacking. We decline to second-guess the trial court’s conclusions. In sum, we
find that the trial court did not err by dividing the marital estate equally.
II. Living Expenses [17] Next, Wife contends that the trial court erred by ordering each party to pay
their own living expenses during the pendency of the action. Wife argues that
the home that she lived in has more expenses than the home that Husband lived
in, resulting in an unequal share of the costs.
8 Wife did not introduce any evidence establishing the value of her investments at the date of the parties’ marriage.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 12 of 17 [18] Initially, we note that Wife chose to live in the home she ended up in; she could
have lived in the other one but elected not to. Moreover, Husband has had sole
and exclusive custody of the child during the pendency of this matter. Wife has
had no contact with the child since August 2016 and has provided no financial
support. Additionally, as noted above, Wife has ample income from her
parents and her investments—income that exceeds Husband’s annual salary of
approximately $41,000. Under these circumstances, even if the trial court’s
order did result in Wife bearing a greater share of the living expenses during the
pendency of this action, we find no error.
III. Cemetery Plots [19] Finally, Wife argues that the trial court erred by awarding Husband both of the
couple’s cemetery plots. We agree. Each party brought a cemetery plot to the
marriage that they had obtained with their respective first spouses. Neither
Husband nor Wife asked to be awarded both plots. Nevertheless, the trial court
awarded both plots to Husband. We find that this portion of the order was
erroneous. Therefore, we reverse on this issue only and remand with
instructions to amend the final dissolution order to show that each party retains
the cemetery plot they brought to the marriage.
[20] The judgment of the trial court is affirmed in part, reversed in part, and
remanded with instructions.
May, J., concurs. Robb, J., concurs in part and dissents in part with separate opinion.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 13 of 17 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Wendy T. Broady, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-DR-309 Appellant-Respondent,
v.
David W. Broady, Appellee-Petitioner
Robb, Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part.
[21] I concur in parts II and III of the opinion. However, I respectfully disagree
with the conclusions the majority reaches in part I.
[22] I begin by noting the following findings by the trial court:
1. The trial court considered that Wife “receives” gifts from her parents and imputed income of $26,000 to her;
2. The trial court found Husband’s income to be $40,500;
3. The trial court noted that Wife has severe health issues that prevent her from working;
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 14 of 17 4. The parties were married for four years and the trial court found that Wife has investment and retirement assets in excess of $600,000; and
5. The trial court ordered Wife to make a $300,000 equalization payment to Husband.
[23] With those findings in mind, I disagree that Wife has not shown error in the
trial court’s judgment. First, to the extent the trial court relied in any way on
the gifts Wife has received from her parents in the past in determining her assets
or in dividing the parties’ property, I would hold that was in error. See
Appellant’s Corrected Appendix, Volume 2 at 10 (Findings of Fact and
Conclusions of Law ¶ 9, stating “the Wife is employed at Kohls and receives
dividends from her investments. She also receives money from her parents.”);
see also slip op. at ¶ 11 (noting Wife has “multiple sources of income, including
gifts from her parents”). Yes, the evidence showed Wife received a check
denoted “gift” in the amount of $16,000 from her parents on January 1, 2012—
prior to the parties’ marriage—and received checks for $26,000 at the beginning
of 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Wife also testified at the final hearing that she
received a check from her parents in 2017, as well. The trial court imputed
income of $26,000 to Wife. See Appellant’s Corrected App., Vol. 2 at 10-11, ¶
9. That Wife received this money in the past, however, is in no way a
guarantee that she will continue to receive this money in the future.
[24] In this regard, I look to Loeb v. Loeb, 261 Ind. 193, 301 N.E.2d 349 (1973), in
which our supreme court held that only property that is vested in the parties on
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 15 of 17 the date the petition for dissolution is filed is part of the marital estate. In Loeb,
the court considered husband’s remainder interest in a trust and determined it
should not be included in the parties’ marital estate because he would take
nothing from the trust if he predeceased the settlor; therefore, he had no present
interest of possessory value to include. Id. at 353. In other words, husband’s
interest was too remote and speculative to be included in a property settlement
award. Id. Here, Wife has no present interest at all in the gifts her parents may
or may not give her in the future. At any time, for any reason, or for no reason
at all, Wife’s parents may decide to discontinue giving her the financial gifts.
Although there was evidence and testimony that Wife has received these gifts
for at least the past six years, there was no evidence or testimony supporting the
notion that her parents are obligated to continue giving the yearly gifts.
Therefore, I cannot say, as Husband and the majority do, that she has “a
promise of continued financial support from her parents.” Slip op. at ¶ 9. As
this money appears to be the source of the trial court’s imputation of income to
Wife and at least in part the reason for equally dividing the marital property, I
would remand for the trial court to reconsider the property division without
extrapolating the past gifts into future income available to support her after she
makes a nearly $300,000 payment to Husband.
[25] Second, I agree with the majority that Wife’s request for Husband to pay for her
COBRA health insurance amounts to a request for maintenance. See slip op. at
¶ 13; In re Coomer, 622 N.E.2d 1315, 1320 (Ind. Ct. App. 1993) (noting COBRA
medical benefit paid out of Husband’s future income resembled an award of
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 16 of 17 spousal maintenance). I disagree with the majority that Wife made no request
for maintenance, however. See id. Wife did not file an answer to Husband’s
petition for dissolution, but she did file a motion for a provisional order. In that
motion, Wife noted that she is unemployed and unable to work due to her
illness, and she requested a provisional order for maintenance during her
disability. In addition, Wife requested at the final hearing that Husband keep
her on his health insurance through COBRA as long as allowed due to the fact
she has a pre-existing condition: “[T]he insurances are not real happy[;] they
don’t want to insurance [sic] somebody with cancer.” Transcript, Volume Two
at 67.9 Therefore, I believe the question of incapacity maintenance was
squarely before the trial court and yet the trial court made no specific findings
regarding this request, although it did note that Wife has “severe health issues
which prevent her from working” in determining that she would not be ordered
to pay any child support. Due to that determination, Wife has some additional
resources to meet her own expenses, but it amounts to only $100 per month.
Appellant’s Corrected App., Vol. 2 at 19. Because the trial court acknowledged
Wife’s severe health issues and inability to work but did not address her request
for Husband to pay for COBRA benefits, I would remand for the trial court to
consider this issue as well.
9 Although Wife did not provide any evidence other than her own testimony regarding her insurability, it is a matter of common knowledge that pre-existing conditions can dramatically impact insurance availability and pricing.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-DR-309 | October 17, 2018 Page 17 of 17