Wachtendorf, John Allen Jr.

• Court: Texas Supreme Court
• Decided: March 31, 2015
• Docket: PD-0280-15
• Status: Published

Opinion

March 31, 2015 No. PD-0820-15

In the

COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS

of the

STATE OF TEXAS

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Petitioner

v.

JOHN ALLEN WACHTENDORF, JR., Respondent

RESPONSE TO PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW

FROM THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN IN CAUSE NUMBER 03-14-00633-CR

APPEAL FROM THE 368TH DISTRICT COURT OF WILLIAMSON COUNTY IN CAUSE NUMBER 13-0197-K277

Kristen Jernigan Attorney for Respondent State Bar Number 90001898 207 S. Austin Ave. Georgetown, Texas 78626 (512)904-0123 (512) 931-3650 (fax) Kristen@txcrimapp.com TABLE OF CONTENTS

INDEX OF AUTHORITIES iii

S TAT E M E N T R E G A R D I N G O R A L A R G U M E N T i v

S TAT E M E N T OF THE CASE 1

S TAT E M E N T OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY 2

ARGUMENT 2

P R AY E R FOR RELIEF 5

C E RT I F I C AT E OF SERVICE 6

C E RT I F I C AT E OF WORD COUNT 6

APPENDIX 7 INDEX OF AUTHORITIES

CASES

M i s s o u r i v. M c N e e l y, 1 3 3 S . C t . 1 5 2 2 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 3

State v. Rosenbaum, 818 S.W.2d 398, 403 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991) 4

Sutton v. Bage, 822 S.W.2d 55, 56-57 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992) 4

STATUTES & RULES

Te x . Code Crim. Pro. Art. 39.1 iv

Te x . Code Crim. Pro. Art. 44.01(d) 4

Te x . R . A p p . P. 66.3 5

HI STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT

Pursuant to Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 39.1, Petitioner requests oral

argument only in the event the State is granted oral argument.

IV No. PD-0820-15

ofthe

STATEMENT OF THE CASE

On January 16, 2014, Appellee filed a Motion to Suppress based on the

United States Supreme Court's holding in Missouri v. McNeely, 133 S.Ct. 1522

(2013). (CR: 27-29). On July 7, 2014, the Court granted Appellant's Motion to

Suppress on the record in open Court and in writing. (RR3: 5). The State filed

Notice of Appeal of the Court's order eighty-five days later on September 30,

2014. (CR:48). STATEMENT OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On October 20, 2014, Respondent filed a Motion to Dismiss for Lack of

Jurisdiction based on the State's untimely-filed Notice of Appeal. On February

26, 2015, the Third Court of Appeals granted Respondent's Motion to Dismiss for

Lack of Jurisdiction and dismissed the State's appeal. The State of Texas v. John

Allen Wachtendorf, Jr., No. 03-14-00633-CR (Tex. App.—Austin, delivered

February 26, 2015). The State did not file a Motion for Rehearing or Motion for

Reconsideration En Banc.

THE STATE'S GROUNDS FOR REVIEW

As alleged in the State's Petition, its sole ground for review is as follows:

This Court should revisit the existing precedent that the 3rd Court of Appeals misinterpreted, to clarify for the various courts of appeal, and to avoid a manifest unfairness in future State's appeals, that the strict timeline for the State's notice of appeal is predicated upon and requires that the State has adequate notice of the existence of a signed appealable order.

State's Petition at 7.

ARGUMENT

The State's contention seems to be that the Third Court of Appeals has

misconstrued existing precedent in holding that, in order for its Notice of Appeal to

be timely, the State must file that notice on or before the twentieth day after the

trial court has signed the appealable order. However, as discussed below, the

Third Court followed existing precedent to the tee. Further, the State fails to set 2 forth a reason for the grant of discretionary review pursuant to Texas Rule of

Appellate Procedure Article 66.3.

The relevant timeline of events is as follows: on January 16, 2014,

Respondent filed a Motion to Suppress based on the United States Supreme

Court's holding in Missouri v. McNeely, 133 S.Ct. 1522 (2013). (CR: 27-29).

Respondent argued that the blood test results in this case should be suppressed

because Respondent's blood was seized without a warrant or consent where no

exigent circumstances existed. (CR: 27-29). On February 14, 2014, the trial court

held a hearing on Respondent's Motion to Suppress and at the close of the

evidence, the Court indicated it would announce its ruling at a later date. (RR2:

67). On July 7, 2014, the parties reconvened and the trial judge, in open court,

entered his ruling on the record. Specifically, the trial court stated, "And so based

on the evidence, I do not find that there are exigent circumstances, and I am going

to grant the motion to suppress the blood draw." (RR3: 5). To which the State

replied, "Judge, we'll prepare a notice of appeal signed by Ms. Duty, the elected

DA, to appeal the Court's ruling." (RR3: 5). The same date, the trial court signed

a written order reflecting its ruling. (CR: 43). The State filed its notice of appeal

on September 30, 2014, eighty-five days after the Court entered its ruling. (CR:

48). In its petition, the State argues that is unfair that it was unaware that the trial

court signed an order granting Respondent's Motion to Suppress, and therefore, it

should be allowed to ignore Texas Rule of Procedure Article 44.01(d), which

requires the State to file its Notice of Appeal not later than the twentieth day after

which an order is signed by the trial court. Tex. Code Crim. Pro. Art. 44.01(d).

The State's argument is disingenuous for two reasons. First, it is quite clear

from the record that the State had notice of the trial court's ruling. (RR3: 5).

Second, the State fails to show any attempt on its part to inquire as to whether an

order had been signed. A simple call to the Court would have answered that

question had the State been unsure as to whether an order had actually been signed.

As for the Court of Appeals' opinion, the Third Court correctly reasoned that

when deciding the State's appellate timetable and what the phrase "entered by the

court" means under article 44.01(d), it is bound by this Court's holding that the

appellate timetable for the State pursuant to Code of Criminal Procedure Article

44.01(d) begins running when the trial court signs the order to be appealed. See

Opinion at 3, citing State v. Rosenbaum, 818 S.W.2d 398, 403 (Tex. Crim. App.

1991). The Third Court explained further that, according to existing Court of

Criminal Appeals' precedent, the signing of the order serves as the entry date for

the order. Opinion at 3, Id. at 402. The Third Court recognized this Court's

affirmation of this precedent by citing Sutton v. Bage, which interpreted the phrase "entered by the Court" as meaning the signing of the order by the trial judge.

Opinion at 4, Sutton v. Bage9 822 S.W.2d 55, 56-57 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992).

Quite simply, the Third Court of Appeals misconstrued nothing, and rather,

followed existing Court of Criminal Appeals' precedent explicitly. To complain,

as the State does, that this precedent, which has stood for almost twenty-five years,

is too onerous on the State to be fair, is a desperate attempt at explaining away its

lack of diligence in insuring its compliance with the well-established statutory

requirements of Code of Criminal Procedure Article 44.01(d). This is not a reason

for the grant of discretionary review as set out in Texas Rule of Appellate

Procedure Article 66.3. See Tex. R. App. P. 66.3.

PRAYER

WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, Respondent prays that the

Court of Criminal Appeals refuse the State's Petition for Discretionary Review.

Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Kristen Jernigan Kristen Jernigan Attorney for Respondent State Bar Number 90001898 207 S. Austin Ave. Georgetown, Texas 78626 (512)904-0123 (512) 931-3650 (fax) Kristen@txcrimapp.com CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

The undersigned hereby certifies that on this the 27th day of March 2015, a

copy of the foregoing Response to Petition for Discretionary Review was e-mailed

to John C. Prezas, Appellate Attorney for the Williamson County District

Attorney's Office at jprezas@wilco.org and mailed to the Lisa McMinn, State

Prosecuting Attorney's Office, P.O. Box 13406, Austin, Texas 78711-3406.

/s/ Kristen Jernigan Kristen Jernigan

CERTIFICATE OF WORD COUNT

The undersigned hereby certifies that the foregoing document consists of

2,438 words in compliance with Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4.

/s/ Kristen Jernigan Kristen Jernigan APPENDIX TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

NO. 03-14-00633-CR

The State of Texas, Appellant

John Allen Wachtendorf, Jr., Appellee

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF WILLIAMSON COUNTY, 368TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT NO. 13-0197-K277, HONORABLE RICK J. KENNON, JUDGE PRESIDING

MEMORANDUM OPINION

John Allen Wachtendorf, Jr., filed a motion in the district court contending that the

results of a test performed on a sample of his blood should be suppressed. After Wachtendorf filed

his motion, the district court held a hearing to consider the matter. A few months later in another

hearing, the district court informed the parties that after considering the evidence, it concluded that

there were no exigent circumstances justifying the warrantless blood draw and stated that it was

"going to grant the motion to suppress the blood draw." Upon hearing the district court's ruling, the

State announced its intention to appeal the ruling.

On the same day that the district court announced its ruling, it signed an order

granting the motion to suppress. Over a month after the district court made its ruling, the State filed

a motion asking the district court to reconsider its prior ruling. When the district court held a hearing

on the motion, Wachtendorf urged that the State had waived its right to appeal because it did not timely file its notice of appeal. As support for this, Wachtendorf contended that the district court

had signed an order granting the motion to suppress on the day that it announced its intention to

grant the motion. In response, the State argued that it was unaware of the order. During the hearing,

the district court determined that although it signed the order on the same day that it announced

its ruling, the order was not filed at that time by the district court clerk. After the oversight was

discovered, the previously signed order was filed by the district court clerk, but by that time, 80 days

had passed from the date that the order had been signed. Within a few days of the hearing and the

order being filed, the State filed its notice of appeal.

After the State filed its appeal, Wachtendorf filed a motion to dismiss contending

that this Court does not have jurisdiction over this appeal because the appeal is untimely. The Code

of Criminal Procedure sets out a deadline by which the State may appeal a trial court's order granting

a motion to suppress. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 44.01(a)(5), (d). In particular, the Code explains

that the State may not "make an appeal... later than the 20th day after the date on which the order

... is entered by the court''' Id. (emphasis added). In light of this deadline, Wachtendorf insists that

the State's appeal is untimely because it was not filed within 20 days of the district court signing

the order granting the motion to suppress. On the other hand, the State contends that "it is

fundamentally unfair" to deny the State "its right to appeal when it had no notice of a signed order

from which it could appeal." When presenting this argument, the State also argues that the alleged

unfairness is further compounded by the fact that the State cannot appeal oral rulings granting a

motion to suppress and, therefore, has to wait until it learns that the trial court has, in fact, signed

the order. See State v. Sanavongxay, 407 S.W.3d 252,258 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012) (explaining that

although State may appeal certain orders by trial courts, "[a]n oral ruling is not 'an order'").

2 When deciding what the phrase "entered by the court" means under article 44.01(d),

the court of criminal appeals determined that the phrase means "the signing of an order by the trial

judge." State v. Rosenbaum, 818 S.W.2d 398,402 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). In other words, the court

determined that "the appellate timetable for the State under Art. 44.01(d) begins running from the

date the trial judge signs his or her order." Id. at 403; see also id. at 402 (explaining that "[establishing

a definite starting date for calculating appellate timetables serves the interests of all parties").

Although a majority of the court joined that result, a concurring opinion expressed the belief that

the more appropriate construction of article 44.01(d) starts the running of the appellate deadline

on "the date the signed order is file marked by the clerk." Id. at 405 (McCormick, J., concurring).

A few months later, the court reaffirmed the majority's position. See State ex rel.

Sutton v. Bage, 822 S.W.2d 55, 56-57 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992) (interpreting phrase "entered by the

court" as meaning signing of order by trial judge and concluding that State's notice of appeal was

not timely). Accompanying the majority opinion was a dissenting opinion criticizing the majority's

holding and the reasoning from Rosenbaum. See id. at 57 (McCormick, J., dissenting) (explaining

that "case presents in dramatic fashion the mischief that is potential in this Court's holding in"

Rosenbaum). When criticizing the majority's reasoning, the dissenting justice expressed that, like

in the present case, the State did not learn that the order had been signed until after the appellate

deadline had run. Id. at 58. Accordingly, the dissenting justice warned that the majority's construction

will deny a party the "right to appeal in any case where a judge, without notice to the party, signs an

appealable order which does not get filed (entered) of record within the time required for notice of

appeal." Id. Moreover, the dissenting justice reasoned that "when the law imposes a time limitation upon a party, it should concomitantly provide some notice to that party" and that "[t]he 'signing' of

an order is not notice." Id.

Despite the criticisms expressed against the holding in Rosenbaum, the court has

recently sanctioned that holding again. See Sanavongxay, 407 S.W.3d at 258-59 (explaining that

article 44.01(d) authorizes State to appeal orders and that "our precedent requires that an order be

in writing" and signed by trial court); see also State v. Martinez, No. 04-14-00359-CR, 2014 Tex.

App. LEXIS 7138, at *2-3 (Tex. App.—San Antonio July 2,2014, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated

for publication) (dismissing State's appeal for want of jurisdiction when notice of appeal was not

timely); State v. Rico, No. 07-07-0092-CR, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 4849, at *3 (Tex. App.—Amarillo

June 21,2007, order) (not designated for publication) (explaining that deadline under article 44.01 (d)

is more than procedural one and is instead substantive limit on State's authority to appeal, meaning

that day after deadline has passed, State's ability to appeal "ceases and may not be revived").

In light of the governing case law and given that the State's notice of appeal was not

filed within 20 days of the district court signing its order granting the motion to suppress, we must

conclude that the State's appeal was not timely filed. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 44.01(d);

Rosenbaum, 818 S.W.2d at 402. Although we recognize the limitations imposed by the court of

criminal appeals' construction, we are nonetheless bound by that controlling precedent.

For these reasons, we grant Wachtendorf's motion and dismiss the State's appeal

for want of jurisdiction. See Olivo v. State, 918 S.W.2d 519,522 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996) (providing

that "[a] timely notice of appeal is necessary to invoke a court of appeals' jurisdiction"). David Puryear, Justice

Before Justices Puryear, Pemberton, and Bourland

Dismissed for Want of Jurisdiction

Filed: February 26,2015

Do Not Publish