PotteR, Chief Justice.
This cause is here on error, and has been heard upon a motion to dismiss and also upon the merits subject to the disposition of that motion. The defendants in error, however, have not appeared except by their motion to dismiss, and might, no doubt, under our decisions, be entitled still to file and serve briefs upon the merits if their motion to dismiss should be denied. But the motion must be sustained.
It will be necessary to consider only one of the several grounds assigned in the motion, viz: That the proceeding in error was not commenced within one year after the date of the rendition of the judgment. The judgment complained of was rendered on March 26, 1921, upon and in
conformity to the verdict of a jury concluding a trial of the cause in the district court, finding all the issues in favor of the plaintiff but awarding nominal damages only, by fixing the amount at one dollar. And said plaintiff is the party complaining here of the judgment by the proceeding ’in error commenced on December 27, 1922. With certain stated exceptions not relied on nor material here, the time for bringing a proceeding in error to reverse, modify or vacate a judgment or final order is limited to “one year after the rendition of the judgment, or the making of the final order complained of.” C. S. 1920, Sec. 6384. The proceeding was, therefore, commenced too late, unless for some reason other than the exceptions specified in the statute the running of said period of limitation was postponed so as to bring within it the date of the commencement of the proceeding. And that such postponement did occur is the claim made here in opposition to the motion to dismiss. The contention of plaintiff in error in that respect is that, under our decisions, the limitation period did not begin to run until the date of the overruling of plaintiff’s motion for new trial, which, counsel assert,.was duly filed and was overruled on January 4, 1922. But, for very clear reasons, that contention cannot be sustained upon the facts in this case.
In the first place this court has not- held that in
every case
the date of the overruling of a motion for a new trial will be taken as the date of the rendition of the judgment, but we held that principle to apply only in cases where such a motion, with an order overruling it, is necessary under our rules and decisions to a consideration of the questions in this court on error. Thus, in the first case in which the point was considered, Conradt v. Lepper, 13 Wyo. 99, 78 Pac. 1, 3 Ann. Cas. 627, we said, concluding a discussion of the matter:—
“As to those matters not requiring the consideration of the trial court upon a motion for new trial as a condition
precedent to consideration in tbis court, the judgment will doubtless become final when it is in fact rendered or formally recorded. But so far as the filing and determination of a motion for a new trial is necessary to a review in this court, whenever such a motion is properly and seasonably filed, the character and finality will not attach to the judgment, for the purpose of review on error, until the court shall order the overruling of the motion. ’1
The sole ground for such decision was that under our settled rules of practice nothing which could have been properly assigned as a ground for a new trial will be considered on error unless the same is shown to have been properly presented to the court below by such a motion, the motion overruled and exception taken. But it appearing in that case that the denial of a motion for a new trial was assigned as one of the grounds of error and that the motion presented questions properly assignable in such a motion, and which could not have been considered except they had been so presented to the trial court, the principle was applied to that ease, the court saying:
‘ ‘ The proceeding in error having been commenced within one year from the order overruling the motion for a new trial, was, therefore, commenced in time to authorize a review of the
alleged errors properly involved in a determination of the motion for a new trial.”
In a later case, Toltec Live Stock Co. v. Gillespie, 20 Wyo. 314, 123 Pac. 413, stating the principal question to be whether the proceeding in error was commenced within the time limited by statute, the court said:
“We have held, construing the statutory provision aforesaid, that a proceeding in error commenced within one year from the overruling óf a motion for a new trial, seasonably filed after judgment, is commenced in time to authorize the review of
alleged errors properly involved in a determma-iton of such motion. ’ ’
The procedural facts shown by the record here do not bring this case within the rule so established. There is no bill of exceptions in the record, nor any showing as to the presentation or allowance of a bill in the case, and without a bill nothing would be before us for consideration in a proceeding in error except questions arising upon the record proper, — in this case, the pleadings, verdict and judgment; no question as to process or jurisdiction of the parties being suggested. But it is here sought to present certain questions said to arise upon the record, and not dependent for their consideration upon either a bill, or their presentation in thevtrial court by a motion for new trial. And it may be conceded that the petition in error contains some assignments that might be considered without having been presented to the court by a motion for a new trial and in the absence of a bill of exceptions. For example: That the trial court erred in not rendering the proper judgment on the verdict; and in not rendering judgment for plaintiff on the pleadings. The difficulty with plaintiff’s case in that respect, however, is, first, that without a motion having been made and
necessary
to a consideration here of the alleged errors, there would be nothing in the case to prevent the running of the one year limitation from the actual date of the rendition of the judgment. And such a motion
would not be necessary
to our consideration of questions arising upon the record proper. Perkins v. McDowell, 3 Wyo. 328, 23 Pac. 71; Dobson v. Owens, 5 Wyo. 85, 37 Pac. 471; Seibel v. Bath, 5 Wyo. 409, 40 Pac. 756; Nichols v. Board, 13 Wyo. 1, 76 Pac. 681; 3 Ann. Cas. 543; Patrick v. State, 17 Wyo. 260, 98 Pac. 588; 129 Am. St. Rep. 1109; Grover Irr. Co. v. Lovella D. Co., 21 Wyo. 204, 131 Pac. 43, L. R. A. 1916C, 1275, Ann. Cas. 1915D, 1207. Nor would they be grounds for a new trial, which is defined by statute as a reexamination of an issue of fact. C. S. 1920, Sec. 5870. Hence, even if properly in the record, such a motion would have no effect as to such questions in postponing the running of the limitation period aforesaid. But the motion for
new trial said to' have been filed in this case is not properly in the record. For, without a bill embracing it, neither the motion nor the fact that it was overruled can constitute a part of the record. U. S. v. Trabing, 3 Wyo. 144, 6 Pac. 721; Rubel v. Willey, 5 Wyo. 427, 40 Pac. 761; Chatterton v. Bonelli, 27 Wyo. 301, 196 Pac. 316; Fitzpatrick v. Rogan, 27 Wyo. 388, 197 Pac.
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PotteR, Chief Justice.
This cause is here on error, and has been heard upon a motion to dismiss and also upon the merits subject to the disposition of that motion. The defendants in error, however, have not appeared except by their motion to dismiss, and might, no doubt, under our decisions, be entitled still to file and serve briefs upon the merits if their motion to dismiss should be denied. But the motion must be sustained.
It will be necessary to consider only one of the several grounds assigned in the motion, viz: That the proceeding in error was not commenced within one year after the date of the rendition of the judgment. The judgment complained of was rendered on March 26, 1921, upon and in
conformity to the verdict of a jury concluding a trial of the cause in the district court, finding all the issues in favor of the plaintiff but awarding nominal damages only, by fixing the amount at one dollar. And said plaintiff is the party complaining here of the judgment by the proceeding ’in error commenced on December 27, 1922. With certain stated exceptions not relied on nor material here, the time for bringing a proceeding in error to reverse, modify or vacate a judgment or final order is limited to “one year after the rendition of the judgment, or the making of the final order complained of.” C. S. 1920, Sec. 6384. The proceeding was, therefore, commenced too late, unless for some reason other than the exceptions specified in the statute the running of said period of limitation was postponed so as to bring within it the date of the commencement of the proceeding. And that such postponement did occur is the claim made here in opposition to the motion to dismiss. The contention of plaintiff in error in that respect is that, under our decisions, the limitation period did not begin to run until the date of the overruling of plaintiff’s motion for new trial, which, counsel assert,.was duly filed and was overruled on January 4, 1922. But, for very clear reasons, that contention cannot be sustained upon the facts in this case.
In the first place this court has not- held that in
every case
the date of the overruling of a motion for a new trial will be taken as the date of the rendition of the judgment, but we held that principle to apply only in cases where such a motion, with an order overruling it, is necessary under our rules and decisions to a consideration of the questions in this court on error. Thus, in the first case in which the point was considered, Conradt v. Lepper, 13 Wyo. 99, 78 Pac. 1, 3 Ann. Cas. 627, we said, concluding a discussion of the matter:—
“As to those matters not requiring the consideration of the trial court upon a motion for new trial as a condition
precedent to consideration in tbis court, the judgment will doubtless become final when it is in fact rendered or formally recorded. But so far as the filing and determination of a motion for a new trial is necessary to a review in this court, whenever such a motion is properly and seasonably filed, the character and finality will not attach to the judgment, for the purpose of review on error, until the court shall order the overruling of the motion. ’1
The sole ground for such decision was that under our settled rules of practice nothing which could have been properly assigned as a ground for a new trial will be considered on error unless the same is shown to have been properly presented to the court below by such a motion, the motion overruled and exception taken. But it appearing in that case that the denial of a motion for a new trial was assigned as one of the grounds of error and that the motion presented questions properly assignable in such a motion, and which could not have been considered except they had been so presented to the trial court, the principle was applied to that ease, the court saying:
‘ ‘ The proceeding in error having been commenced within one year from the order overruling the motion for a new trial, was, therefore, commenced in time to authorize a review of the
alleged errors properly involved in a determination of the motion for a new trial.”
In a later case, Toltec Live Stock Co. v. Gillespie, 20 Wyo. 314, 123 Pac. 413, stating the principal question to be whether the proceeding in error was commenced within the time limited by statute, the court said:
“We have held, construing the statutory provision aforesaid, that a proceeding in error commenced within one year from the overruling óf a motion for a new trial, seasonably filed after judgment, is commenced in time to authorize the review of
alleged errors properly involved in a determma-iton of such motion. ’ ’
The procedural facts shown by the record here do not bring this case within the rule so established. There is no bill of exceptions in the record, nor any showing as to the presentation or allowance of a bill in the case, and without a bill nothing would be before us for consideration in a proceeding in error except questions arising upon the record proper, — in this case, the pleadings, verdict and judgment; no question as to process or jurisdiction of the parties being suggested. But it is here sought to present certain questions said to arise upon the record, and not dependent for their consideration upon either a bill, or their presentation in thevtrial court by a motion for new trial. And it may be conceded that the petition in error contains some assignments that might be considered without having been presented to the court by a motion for a new trial and in the absence of a bill of exceptions. For example: That the trial court erred in not rendering the proper judgment on the verdict; and in not rendering judgment for plaintiff on the pleadings. The difficulty with plaintiff’s case in that respect, however, is, first, that without a motion having been made and
necessary
to a consideration here of the alleged errors, there would be nothing in the case to prevent the running of the one year limitation from the actual date of the rendition of the judgment. And such a motion
would not be necessary
to our consideration of questions arising upon the record proper. Perkins v. McDowell, 3 Wyo. 328, 23 Pac. 71; Dobson v. Owens, 5 Wyo. 85, 37 Pac. 471; Seibel v. Bath, 5 Wyo. 409, 40 Pac. 756; Nichols v. Board, 13 Wyo. 1, 76 Pac. 681; 3 Ann. Cas. 543; Patrick v. State, 17 Wyo. 260, 98 Pac. 588; 129 Am. St. Rep. 1109; Grover Irr. Co. v. Lovella D. Co., 21 Wyo. 204, 131 Pac. 43, L. R. A. 1916C, 1275, Ann. Cas. 1915D, 1207. Nor would they be grounds for a new trial, which is defined by statute as a reexamination of an issue of fact. C. S. 1920, Sec. 5870. Hence, even if properly in the record, such a motion would have no effect as to such questions in postponing the running of the limitation period aforesaid. But the motion for
new trial said to' have been filed in this case is not properly in the record. For, without a bill embracing it, neither the motion nor the fact that it was overruled can constitute a part of the record. U. S. v. Trabing, 3 Wyo. 144, 6 Pac. 721; Rubel v. Willey, 5 Wyo. 427, 40 Pac. 761; Chatterton v. Bonelli, 27 Wyo. 301, 196 Pac. 316; Fitzpatrick v. Rogan, 27 Wyo. 388, 197 Pac. 565; Campbell v. Bank, 24 Wyo. 359, 158 Pac. 267; 160 Pac. 333; Bank v. Anderson, 7 Wyo. 441, 53 Pac. 280. The bill is needed in any case to identify the motion; for even if there be a journal entry showing a motion to have been overruled, and there usually is, that entry would not, and could not properly, identify it. An attempt to do so by embodying the motion in the entry would be improper. This has been explained in former decisions of this court; we need refer only to the following cases on that point; Freeburgh v. Lamoureux, 12 Wyo. 41, 73 Pac. 545; Lockhart v. Brown, 31 O. St. 431. In Bank v. Anderson, supra, the reason for declaring such a motion, as well as other motions, not part of the record unless made so by a bill of exceptions, is stated as follows:
‘ ‘ The motion is not made a part of the record by statute, although the pleadings are,, hence, the necessity for preservation by bill of exceptions to give it a place in the record. ’'
But if the motion, as found among the certified original papers sent here by the clerk of the district court, might be consulted, it would show that none of the objections to the judgment presented by the questions said by counsel to arise upon the record proper was stated as a ground for a new trial in that motion; which fact, alone, would be sufficient to take the ease outside the rule established by our decisions aforesaid, postponing the running of the statutory period for bringing a proceeding in error until the date of the overruling of a motion for new trial, “as to alleged errors properly involved in a determination of the motion.” The errors alleged here as not requiring a bill of exceptions
or motion for new trial overruled as a condition to consideration in this court
were not properly mvolved in a determination of that motion.
The motion to dismiss must be sustained, and it will be so ordered.
Blume and Kimball, JJ., concur.