Vladimir Pitaluga Linares v. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, et al.

• Court: District Court, M.D. Florida
• Decided: February 17, 2026
• Docket: 2:26-cv-00297
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT MIDDLE DISTRICT OF FLORIDA FORT MYERS DIVISION

VLADIMIR PITALUGA LINARES,

FILED BY NEXT FRIEND Case No. 2:26-cv-297-KCD-NPM JACQUELINE J. PIETRYLO,

Plaintiff,

v.

U.S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT, et al.,

Defendants. /

ORDER Before the Court is a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus Under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 filed by Jacqueline Judith Pietrylo, as next friend of Vladimir Pitaluga Linares, who is being detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (Doc. 1.) An “[a]pplication for a writ of habeas corpus shall be in writing signed and verified by the person for whose relief it is intended or by someone acting in his behalf.” 28 U.S.C. § 2242. The latter part of this provision codifies the common law tradition of permitting a “next friend” to litigate on behalf of a person who, because of incompetence, is unable to initiate a habeas action himself. See Whitmore v. Arkansas, 495 U.S. 149, 162 (1990). But “‘[n]ext friend’ standing is by no means granted automatically[.]” Id. at 163. To demonstrate that “next friend” status is warranted, the would-be next friend must (1) provide an adequate explanation for the necessity of the designation,

such as the real party’s mental incompetence or lack of access to the courts and (2) show she is “truly dedicated to the interests” of the real party. Id. Pietrylo has not met this standard. Although Pietrylo is Linares’s fiancé, there is no allegation that Linares is mentally incompetent or has

been denied access to the courts. Pietrylo’s conclusory assertion that Linares cannot file on his own behalf because his “detention conditions severely restrict access to courts,” (see Doc. 1 at 2), is conclusory and unsupported. This Court sees numerous pro se petitioners in immigration custody seeking

relief who face the same conditions as Linares and are able to litigate their petition. At bottom, Pietrylo offers nothing to show that Linares warrants any special protection by a next friend to litigate on his behalf. Because Pietrylo does not demonstrate the propriety of “next friend”

status, she lacks standing to initiate this action on Linares’s behalf. See Francis v. Warden, FCC Coleman-USP, 246 F. App’x 621, 622 (11th Cir. 2007) (“Absent ‘next friend’ status, an individual lacks Article III standing to file a petition on another’s behalf, thus stripping the district court of

jurisdiction to consider the petition.”); Weber v. Garza, 570 F.2d 511, 514 (5th Cir. 1978) (“[W]hen the application for habeas corpus filed by a would be ‘next friend’ does not set forth an adequate reason or explanation of the necessity for resort to the ‘next friend’ device, the court is without jurisdiction to consider the petition.”). What is more, even if there was next-friend status, Pietrylo does not claim to be a lawyer. So she cannot represent Linares in this action. See Weber v. Garza, 570 F.2d 511, 514 (5th Cir. 1978); Marcia Turner v. Neptune Towing & Recovery, Inc., No. 8:09-CV-I071-T-27AEP, 2011 WL 2981786, at *2 (M.D. Fla. July 22, 2011) “Under Rule 17(c), a representative does not have the right to appear on behalf of a minor or an incompetent person unless that representative is represented by counsel.”); Bey on behalf of Baxter v. Fla., No. 4:24CV517/MW/ZCB, 2025 WL 351425, at *1 n.2 (N.D. Fla. Jan. 6, 2025). Accordingly, it is ORDERED: 1. The Petition (Doc. 1) is DISMISSED without prejudice. 2. The Clerk shall enter judgment dismissing this case without prejudice, terminate any pending motions as moot, and close the case. 3. The Clerk is directed to send a copy of this order to Jacqueline J. Pietrylo, 212 Lindahl Ave., Apt. 1, Marathon, FL 33050. ORDERED in Fort Myers, Florida on February 17, 2026.

United States District Judge