Viviani v. Borough of Bogota

765 A.2d 1064, 336 N.J. Super. 578
CourtNew Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division
DecidedFebruary 7, 2001
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 765 A.2d 1064 (Viviani v. Borough of Bogota) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Viviani v. Borough of Bogota, 765 A.2d 1064, 336 N.J. Super. 578 (N.J. Ct. App. 2001).

Opinion

765 A.2d 1064 (2001)
336 N.J. Super. 578

Donald G. VIVIANI, Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
BOROUGH OF BOGOTA, Defendant-Appellant.

Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division.

Submitted December 20, 2000.
Decided February 7, 2001.

*1066 Contant, Scherby & Atkins, Hackensack, attorneys for appellants (Andrew T. Fede, of counsel and on the brief).

Cuccio & Cuccio, Hackensack, attorneys for respondent (Emil S. Cuccio, on the brief).

Thomas J. Orr, Burlington, attorney for the Amicus Curiae, New Jersey State Exempt Firemen's Association, Inc. (John Justin, on the brief).

Before Judges WALLACE, Jr., CARCHMAN and LINTNER.

*1065 The opinion of the court was delivered by LINTNER, J.A.D.

The central issue raised by this appeal is whether the provisions of the Exempt Firemen's Tenure Act, N.J.S.A. 40A:14-60 to -65 (the Act), prevents a municipality from a good faith elimination of a position, held by an employee occupying exempt fireman status, for valid cost reduction reasons. Judge Harris held that N.J.S.A. 40A:14-65 prevents municipalities from abolishing positions held by exempt firemen in all circumstances except "widespread economic depression or mandatory retrenchment." We agree and affirm.

The undisputed facts are as follows. Plaintiff joined defendant's volunteer fire department in 1968 and received a certificate of exemption pursuant to N.J.S.A. 40A:14-55 to -59 in 1977. In 1990, defendant adopted an ordinance appointing plaintiff to a full time position of laborer in defendant's Department of Public Works (DPW). For many years prior to his appointment, plaintiff had served as a temporary seasonal laborer. In 1991, the DPW was comprised of eighteen employees headed by a superintendent and a foreman. In an effort to avoid having to pay overtime to the foreman, who was a member of the collective bargaining unit, defendant's mayor and council created, by ordinance, a new salaried position of Assistant Superintendent. Plaintiff was appointed to the position of Assistant Superintendent in April 1992.

Between 1992 and 1996, defendant reduced its DPW workforce from eighteen to nine. In 1994, defendant decided to reduce the costs associated with the DPW by privatizing its trash collection and recycling functions, leaving the department responsible for maintenance and repair of defendant's roads, buildings, sewers, parks and other public areas. In January 1996, a new mayor and council majority took office finding itself faced with what defendant described as a double-edged hardship. The previous administration had increased defendant's operating budget each year from 1988 to 1995. In 1996, defendant faced an immediate cut of $187,000 and future phase-out in Density Aid, a State program that had been instituted in 1991, which provided revenue to densely-populated municipalities. Defendant undertook a systematic review of all its spending, which resulted in reductions in spending commencing in 1996 and continuing each year into 1999. As part of its efforts to reduce spending, the Mayor and Council adopted Ordinance No. 1115 (the Ordinance) on March 1, 1996, eliminating plaintiff's position of Assistant Superintendent of the DPW.[1] Because of plaintiff's position in seniority, he remained on the work force as a laborer after the abolishment of his supervisory position.

On June 19, 1996, plaintiff filed an Order to Show Cause and Verified Complaint in Lieu of Prerogative Writ seeking injunctive relief restraining defendant from enforcing the Ordinance, and reinstating plaintiff's position and salary. The complaint alleged that defendant violated (1) his tenure rights as an exempt fireman by *1067 adopting the Ordinance and abolishing the position of Assistant Superintendent of Public Works and (2) his rights under the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination.

Injunctive relief was denied. Thereafter, the New Jersey Exempt Firemen's Association was granted leave to participate as Amicus Curiae. A subsequent motion for summary judgment filed by defendant seeking to dismiss plaintiff's complaint as time barred, pursuant to R. 4:69, was denied. Plaintiff abandoned his constitutional and LAD based claims and a bench trial, limited to plaintiff's claim that defendant's adoption of the Ordinance was in violation of the Act, commenced before Judge Harris.

Judge Harris found that defendant was precluded by N.J.S.A. 40A:14-65 from abolishing plaintiff's position as Assistant Superintendent for good faith economic reasons. Defendant raises essentially three issues on appeal:

POINT I—THE TRIAL JUDGE ERRED WHEN HE FOUND THAT DEFENDANT'S GOOD FAITH ADOPTION OF THE ORDINANCE ELIMINATING AN UNNECESSARY OFFICE VIOLATED PLAINTIFF'S TENURE RIGHTS AS AN EXEMPT FIREMAN.
POINT II—THE TRIAL JUDGE'S INTERPRETATION OF N.J.S.A. 40A:14-65 VIOLATED THE NEW JERSEY CONSTITUTION BY EITHER CREATING A GIFT OF PUBLIC FUNDS OR CONSTITUTING SPECIAL LEGISLATION.
POINT III—THE MOTION JUDGE ERRED IN REFUSING TO DISMISS PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT AS TIME BARRED PURSUANT TO R. 4:69-6(A).

We reject defendant's contentions and affirm. We agree with the conclusions reached by Judge Harris that, after tracing the evolution of N.J.S.A. 40A:14-65, the legislative purpose was to avoid the pre-1938 case law that construed the 1911 version of the Act to permit the discharge of exempt firemen employees for good faith reasons of economy.

Originating in 1911, the Act bestowed tenure on public employees who were exempt volunteer firemen, conferring upon them the right to retain their jobs during good behavior subject to removal only for good cause and after a hearing. L. 1911, c. 212, § 1. The law forbade removals "for political reasons." Ibid. In the section that is the ancestor of N.J.S.A. 40A:14-65, the 1911 act reads:

It shall not be lawful for any board of commissioners, mayor, aldermen, common council or any other governing body of any municipality in this State, or of any county in this State, or of any department of the State government, to abolish any position or office held by any exempt fireman of any volunteer fire department, volunteer fire engine, hook and ladder, hose or supply company or salvage corps of any city, town, township, borough or fire district of this State, holding an exempt certificate issued to him as an exempt member of any such volunteer fire department company or corps, or to change the title of any such office or position, or to reduce the emoluments thereof for the purpose of terminating the service of any such exempt fireman.
[L. 1911, c. 212, § 3 (emphasis added).]

The original purpose of the Act was to protect volunteer firemen from being removed from their public jobs without cause and "to prevent them from being affected by political changes in the state and municipal governments." Maxwell v. Board of Com'rs of City of Wildwood, 111 N.J.L. 181, 186, 168 A. 143 (Sup.Ct.1933), aff'd o.b., 113 N.J.L. 404, 174 A. 709 (E. & A.1934). That purpose continues to underlie the present version of the law: "to remove governmental employees from the shifting political currents in order to maintain continuity and to protect those who also give additional service without compensation *1068 to their communities." Smith v. Board of Chosen Freeholders of Bergen Cty., 139

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Related

Parish v. Parish
988 A.2d 1180 (New Jersey Superior Court App Division, 2010)
Viviani v. Borough of Bogota
790 A.2d 166 (Supreme Court of New Jersey, 2002)
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765 A.2d 779 (New Jersey Superior Court App Division, 2001)

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765 A.2d 1064, 336 N.J. Super. 578, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/viviani-v-borough-of-bogota-njsuperctappdiv-2001.